CN112970445A - Method for high-position grafting of evodia rutaecarpa on evodia rutaecarpa rootstock - Google Patents
Method for high-position grafting of evodia rutaecarpa on evodia rutaecarpa rootstock Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for grafting a evodia rutaecarpa at a high position on a evodia rutaecarpa stock, wherein the evodia rutaecarpa is grafted on the branches of the evodia rutaecarpa stock; the branch of the evodia rutaecarpa stock is a main branch of the evodia rutaecarpa; the medium flower evodia scion is a medium flower evodia branch, and the medium flower evodia branch is provided with at least two buds. The method utilizes the characteristics of the evodia rutaecarpa blossoms that the main roots are thick and strong, the root systems are developed, the fruit trays are large, the yield is high, and the disease and insect resistance is high, and simultaneously combines the advantages of the evodia rutaecarpa blossoms that the evodia rutaecarpa grows fast, fruits are grown in the same year, and the fruit trays are large, so that the problems of low yield and poor quality of the evodia rutaecarpa blossoms are solved to a great extent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a method for grafting evodia rutaecarpa at a high position on a rutaecarpa macrocarpa stock.
Background
In the pharmacopoeia of the people's republic of China (2020 edition), evodia rutaecarpa is dry nearly mature fruit of Rutaceae plant evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth., Stone tiger Euodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth., var. officinalis (Dode) Huang or Rutaceae ruataecarpa (Juss.) Benth., var. bodinieri (Dode) Huang. And when the fruit is not cracked for 8-11 months, cutting off fruit branches, drying in the sun or at low temperature, and removing impurities such as branches, leaves, fruit stalks and the like.
The fructus evodiae is one of 63 precious Chinese medicinal materials which are recommended and developed by the national traditional Chinese medicine administration in a key way, and has the functions of dispelling cold, relieving pain, calming the adverse-rising energy, arresting vomiting, supporting yang, stopping diarrhea and the like; can be used for treating syncope headache, cold hernia abdominal pain, cold dampness loempe, menstrual abdominal pain, emesis, acid regurgitation, morning diarrhea, etc. Modern medical research proves that the evodia rutaecarpa has obvious curative effects on diseases such as hypertension, stomach and abdomen psychroalgia, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, parotitis, scabies, eczema, recurrent oral ulcer, infantile bronchopneumonia and the like. Evodia rutaecarpa is mainly produced in the middle, southeast and southwest provinces of China, especially in Sichuan, Hunan, Guizhou, Guangxi provinces and other provinces. In recent years, pharmaceutical enterprises develop new Chinese medicinal evodia fruit successively, and the dosage of Chinese medicinal formula is increasing; the evodia rutaecarpa is also an important raw material for food processing and light industry, and the market usage thereof is gradually increased year by year.
The evodia rutaecarpa is divided into three varieties of large flower evodia rutaecarpa, medium flower evodia rutaecarpa and small flower evodia rutaecarpa at present, and the medium flower evodia rutaecarpa has the best quality and the largest market sales amount; the fruit granules of the large flower evodia are larger and the medicine price is slightly lower than that of the medium and small flower evodia, so that the commodity price and the seedling price are relatively lower. Evodia rutaecarpa (Rutaceae, Evodia rutaecarpa) is a different name from the plant Euodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. Evodia rutaecarpa is a different name of Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. The evodia rutaecarpa has high-quality pharmacopeia standards, the effective components of the evodia rutaecarpa in partial areas exceed the specifications of pharmacopeia by more than 10 times, the fruiting time is fast, the fruit tray is large, and the yield is high. However, the cutting seedlings of the evodia rutaecarpa have low survival rate, shallow root system, poor stress resistance, slow tree growth and weak tree vigor, and the development of the evodia rutaecarpa industry is severely restricted. The fructus evodiae with the big flowers has the advantages of strong main roots, developed root systems, cold resistance, drought resistance, less plant diseases and insect pests and the like although the quality of the fructus evodiae with the big flowers is general. Therefore, the high-position grafting of the evodia rutaecarpa pall on the evodia rutaecarpa pall can combine the excellent quality of the evodia rutaecarpa pall with the growth advantage of the evodia rutaecarpa pall, and effectively solves the problems of low yield and poor quality of the evodia rutaecarpa pall. However, in the prior art, no grafting method is available, so that the root system and the stress resistance of the evodia rutaecarpa can be improved, the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced, and the problems of low yield and poor quality of the evodia rutaecarpa are solved effectively.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for grafting the evodia rutaecarpa at a high position on the evodia rutaecarpa rootstock, which greatly improves the root system and the stress resistance of the evodia rutaecarpa, reduces the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests, and effectively solves the problems of low yield and poor quality of the evodia rutaecarpa.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for grafting a evodia rutaecarpa at a high position on a evodia rutaecarpa stock is characterized in that the evodia rutaecarpa spike is grafted on a branch of the evodia rutaecarpa stock.
In one of the embodiments, the first and second electrodes are,
the branch of the evodia rutaecarpa stock is a main branch of the evodia rutaecarpa;
the medium flower evodia scion is a medium flower evodia branch, and the medium flower evodia branch is provided with at least two buds.
In one of the embodiments, the first and second electrodes are,
the height of the trunk of the big flower fructus evodiae stock is 40cm-60cm, and the diameter of the trunk of the big flower fructus evodiae stock is 2cm-5 cm;
the number of main branches of the evodia rutaecarpa rootstock is 1-3, and the diameter of the main branch of the evodia rutaecarpa rootstock is 1-5 cm;
the length of the medium flower evodia rutaecarpa branch is 5cm-8cm, and the diameter of the medium flower evodia rutaecarpa branch is 0.5cm-1 cm.
In one of the embodiments, the first and second electrodes are,
the height of the trunk of the medium flower evodia rutaecarpa stock is 80cm, and the diameter of the trunk of the big flower evodia rutaecarpa stock is 8 cm;
the number of main branches of the evodia rutaecarpa rootstock is 3, and the diameter of the main branch of the evodia rutaecarpa rootstock is 1cm or 3 cm;
the length of the medium flower evodia rutaecarpa branch is 6cm, and the diameter of the medium flower evodia rutaecarpa branch is 0.5cm or lcm.
In one of the embodiments, the first and second electrodes are,
during grafting, if the diameter of the medium flower evodia rutaecarpa branch is consistent with that of a main branch of a large flower evodia rutaecarpa stock, a split opening is formed in the middle of the large flower evodia rutaecarpa stock, and the medium flower evodia rutaecarpa branch is inserted into the split opening, so that the cut surface of the medium flower evodia rutaecarpa branch is tightly matched with the split opening of the large flower evodia rutaecarpa stock;
during grafting, if the diameter of the medium flower evodia rutaecarpa branch is smaller than that of a main branch of the large flower evodia rutaecarpa stock, a split opening is formed in one side of the large flower evodia rutaecarpa stock, and the medium flower evodia rutaecarpa branch is inserted into the split opening, so that cambium layers on two sides of the cut surface of the medium flower evodia rutaecarpa branch are tightly matched with cambium layers on two sides of the split opening of the large.
In one of the embodiments, the first and second electrodes are,
the length of the cut surface of the evodia rutaecarpa branch is 2cm-3 cm;
the depth of the cleavage is 3cm-5 cm.
In one of the embodiments, the first and second electrodes are,
the length of the cut surface of the evodia rutaecarpa branch is 2cm-3 cm;
the depth of the cleavage is 3cm-5 cm.
In one embodiment, a strip-shaped plastic film with the width of 2cm-3cm is used for wrapping the grafting part after grafting.
In one embodiment, before grafting, the method further comprises the steps of collecting and storing the evodia rutaecarpa branches, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
cutting off the evodia rutaecarpa branches from the roots, and ensuring the cut to be smooth in the cutting process;
heating and melting solid paraffin to obtain liquid paraffin, immersing the cut mouth of the cut medium flower fructus evodiae branch into the liquid paraffin, taking out and cooling, wherein the immersion depth is 2 cm.
Taking river sand with the particle size of 0.5mm, placing the river sand in an environment with the environment temperature of 5 ℃ and the environment humidity of 60%, and placing the evodia rutaecarpa branches in the river sand in a layered mode along the horizontal direction, wherein the thickness of the river sand between layers is 10 cm.
In one embodiment, after grafting is completed, the method further comprises a grafting management step, which specifically comprises the following steps:
and after grafting is finished, watering the evodia rutaecarpa rootstock thoroughly and performing pest control.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the grafting of the evodia rutaecarpa blossoms and the evodia rutaecarpa medicinalis is successfully realized, and the survival rate of the evodia rutaecarpa medicinalis reaches 100 percent. The grafting of the evodia rutaecarpa pall and the evodia rutaecarpa pall greatly improves the root system and the stress resistance of the evodia rutaecarpa pall and reduces the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
Example 1:
the invention discloses a method for grafting a evodia rutaecarpa at a high position on a evodia rutaecarpa stock, wherein the evodia rutaecarpa is grafted on the branches of the evodia rutaecarpa stock. Which comprises the following steps:
selection and pre-grafting management of evodia rutaecarpa
1. Selection of Evodia rutaecarpa rootstock
(1) The height of the trunk of the big flower fructus evodiae stock is 45cm, and the trunk diameter is 6 cm.
(2) The number of the main branches of the evodia rutaecarpa rootstock is 2, and the diameter of the main branch is 1 cm.
(3) The main trunk and the main branch of the big flower evodia rutaecarpa rootstock have no plant diseases and insect pests.
2. Early management of evodia rutaecarpa rootstocks
(1) The pest control is well carried out one year before the grafting of the evodia rutaecarpa rootstocks.
(2) And (4) irrigating the overwintering water thoroughly in autumn before the grafting of the evodia rutaecarpa rootstock.
Selection and collection of second and middle flower evodia scions
1. Selection of medium flower evodia scion
(1) The length of the collected medium flower evodia rutaecarpa branches is 10cm, and the diameter of the collected medium flower evodia rutaecarpa branches is 1 cm.
(2) All branches of the mother tree of the collected medium flower evodia rutaecarpa branches have no plant diseases and insect pests.
(3) The time for collecting the medium flower evodia rutaecarpa branches is after the fallen leaves fully sleep in winter.
2. Collection and storage of medium flower evodia rutaecarpa branches
(1) Cutting off the evodia rutaecarpa branches from the roots, and ensuring the cut to be smooth in the cutting process;
(2) heating and melting solid paraffin to obtain liquid paraffin, immersing the cut mouth of the cut medium flower fructus evodiae branch into the liquid paraffin, taking out and cooling, wherein the immersion depth is 2 cm.
(3) Taking river sand with the particle size of 0.5mm, placing the river sand in an environment with the environment temperature of 5 ℃ and the environment humidity of 60%, and placing the evodia rutaecarpa branches in the river sand in a layered mode along the horizontal direction, wherein the thickness of the river sand between layers is 10 cm.
Third, grafting
1. Selection of grafting time
The grafting time needs to be judged according to the phenological period of the local calendar year of the grafting place, and is 15 days before the local evodia rutaecarpa sprouts. And attention is paid to avoid raining and windy weather above grade 6.
2. Grafting operation method
(1) Grafting tool treatment
The pruning shears and the cleaver are sharpened in advance.
(2) Treatment of Evodia rutaecarpa rootstock
And (3) cutting off the selected main branch of the big flower evodia rootstock meeting the conditions by remaining 6cm, wherein the cut is flat and the position with the side branch is avoided.
(3) Scion treatment
Scions with 2 buds and 3cm in length are cut from the collected medium flower fructus evodiae branches.
(4) Grafting
The cutting edge of the cleaver is placed in the middle of the sawing opening of the stock and is slowly cleft downwards, and the depth of the cleaver reaches 2 cm. The lower part of the scion is cut into a wedge shape, and the lower part of the scion is provided with two symmetrical cut surfaces, wherein the length of each cut surface is 1 cm. And prying a main branch split opening by using a cleft grafting knife, and inserting the cut scion into the split opening to ensure that the cut surface of the medium flower evodia rutaecarpa branch is tightly matched with the split opening of the large flower evodia rutaecarpa stock. And tightly wrapping the grafting part by using a strip-shaped plastic film with the width of 2 cm.
Fourth, management after grafting
After grafting, the rootstock tree is watered thoroughly and the disease and insect pest control is noticed, and after 15 days, the buds on the scions germinate, leaves grow and new shoots grow out of the scions. Branches survived and grown by grafting continue to grow 12 months in the next year. The survival rate of the evodia rutaecarpa reaches 100 percent.
Example 2:
the invention discloses a method for grafting a evodia rutaecarpa at a high position on a evodia rutaecarpa stock, wherein the evodia rutaecarpa is grafted on the branches of the evodia rutaecarpa stock. Which comprises the following steps:
selection and pre-grafting management of evodia rutaecarpa
1. Selection of Evodia rutaecarpa rootstock
(1) The height of the trunk of the big flower evodia rutaecarpa rootstock is 40cm, and the trunk diameter is 5 cm.
(2) The number of the main branches of the evodia rutaecarpa rootstock is 2, and the diameter of the main branch is 1 cm.
(3) The main trunk and the main branch of the big flower evodia rutaecarpa rootstock have no plant diseases and insect pests.
2. Early management of evodia rutaecarpa rootstocks
(1) The pest control is well carried out one year before the grafting of the evodia rutaecarpa rootstocks.
(2) And (4) irrigating the overwintering water thoroughly in autumn before the grafting of the evodia rutaecarpa rootstock.
Selection and collection of second and middle flower evodia scions
1. Selection of medium flower evodia scion
(1) The length of the collected medium flower evodia rutaecarpa branches is 10cm, and the diameter is 0.5 cm.
(2) All branches of the mother tree of the collected medium flower evodia rutaecarpa branches have no plant diseases and insect pests.
(3) The time for collecting the medium flower evodia rutaecarpa branches is after the fallen leaves fully sleep in winter.
2. Collection and storage of medium flower evodia rutaecarpa branches
Collection and storage of medium flower evodia rutaecarpa branches
(1) Cutting off the evodia rutaecarpa branches from the roots, and ensuring the cut to be smooth in the cutting process;
(2) heating and melting solid paraffin to obtain liquid paraffin, immersing the cut mouth of the cut medium flower fructus evodiae branch into the liquid paraffin, taking out and cooling, wherein the immersion depth is 2 cm.
(3) Taking river sand with the particle size of 0.5mm, placing the river sand in an environment with the environment temperature of 5 ℃ and the environment humidity of 60%, and placing the evodia rutaecarpa branches in the river sand in a layered mode along the horizontal direction, wherein the thickness of the river sand between layers is 10 cm.
Third, grafting
1. Selection of grafting time
The grafting time needs to be judged 10 days before the local evodia macrocarpa sprouts according to the phenological period of the local calendar year of the grafting place. And attention is paid to avoid raining and windy weather above grade 6.
2. Grafting operation method
(1) Grafting tool treatment
The pruning shears and the cleaver are sharpened in advance.
(2) Treatment of Evodia rutaecarpa rootstock
And (3) sawing off the selected main branch of the big flower evodia rootstock meeting the conditions by 10cm, wherein the saw cut is flat and avoids the position with the lateral branch.
(4) Scion treatment
Scions with 2 buds and 4cm in length are cut from the collected medium flower fructus evodiae branches.
(5) Grafting
And downwards cutting the bark on one side of the stock into lcm by using a cleft grafting knife to form a cleft opening, wherein the depth of the cleft opening is 1cm, the lower part of the scion is cut into a wedge shape, two symmetrical cut surfaces are arranged, and the length of each cut surface is 2 cm. And inserting the cut scion into the split opening to ensure that cambiums on two sides of the scion bevel are closely matched with cambiums on two sides of the stock bark split opening. And wrapping and sealing the grafting part by using a strip-shaped plastic film with the width of 2 cm.
Fourth, management after grafting
After grafting, the rootstock tree is watered thoroughly and the disease and insect pest control is noticed, and after 15 days, the buds on the scions germinate, leaves grow and new shoots grow out of the scions. The branches which survive by grafting bloom, fruit and mature fruit pieces in the next year. The survival rate of the evodia rutaecarpa reaches 100 percent.
In the two embodiments, the growth conditions of the large flower evodia rutaecarpa after grafting the medium flower evodia rutaecarpa are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 growth status of fructus evodiae after grafting of fructus evodiae
| Serial number | Ground diameter/mm | Plant height/cm | Crown width/m | Number of branches |
| 1 | 37.88 | 133 | 1.65*1.68 | 32 |
| 2 | 41.22 | 165 | 1.72*1.89 | 43 |
| 3 | 50.23 | 170 | 2.26*2.15 | 45 |
| 4 | 55.64 | 180 | 2.22*2.35 | 26 |
| 5 | 57.45 | 185 | 1.96*2.06 | 55 |
| 6 | 58.98 | 182 | 1.72*1.89 | 54 |
| 7 | 60.12 | 180 | 1.70*1.78 | 30 |
| 8 | 60.47 | 178 | 1.68*1.57 | 32 |
The grafting time of evodia rutaecarpa referred to in table 1 is 2 months, and the above-mentioned numbers 1 to 8 are data measured once a month from 4 months to 12 months after grafting. As can be seen from Table 1, the average growth of grafted evodia rutaecarpa was 22.59mm, the average growth of plant height was 45cm, the average crown width was 1.87X 1.84m, and the average number of branches was 35.88.
In the two examples, the yield and effective content of evodia rutaecarpa is shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 Evodia rutaecarpa yield and effective content table
The average single plant yield of the grafted fructus evodiae is 1.162kg, the number of the grafted fructus evodiae is 39.8, the yield per mu is 69.74kg, the contents of the effective components evodiamine and rutaecarpine are 3.17%, and the limonin is 0.40%, which both meet the standard requirements of pharmacopoeia (the contents of the evodiamine and the rutaecarpine are not less than 0.15%, and the limonin is not less than 0.20%).
The above-mentioned embodiments only express the specific embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for grafting a evodia rutaecarpa at a high position on a evodia rutaecarpa stock is characterized in that the evodia rutaecarpa spike is grafted on a branch of the evodia rutaecarpa stock.
2. The method for grafting the evodia rutaecarpa on the rootstock of the evodia rutaecarpa in the high position according to claim 1,
the branch of the evodia rutaecarpa stock is a main branch of the evodia rutaecarpa;
the medium flower evodia scion is a medium flower evodia branch, and the medium flower evodia branch is provided with at least two buds.
3. The method for grafting the evodia rutaecarpa at the high position on the rootstock of the evodia rutaecarpa in the claim 1 or 2,
the height of the trunk of the big flower fructus evodiae stock is 40cm-60cm, and the diameter of the trunk of the big flower fructus evodiae stock is 2cm-5 cm;
the number of main branches of the evodia rutaecarpa rootstock is 1-3, and the diameter of the main branch of the evodia rutaecarpa rootstock is 1-5 cm;
the length of the medium flower evodia rutaecarpa branch is 5cm-8cm, and the diameter of the medium flower evodia rutaecarpa branch is 0.5cm-1 cm.
4. The method for grafting the evodia rutaecarpa at the high position on the rootstock of the evodia rutaecarpa in the claim 1 or 2,
the height of the trunk of the medium flower evodia rutaecarpa stock is 80cm, and the diameter of the trunk of the big flower evodia rutaecarpa stock is 8 cm;
the number of main branches of the evodia rutaecarpa rootstock is 3, and the diameter of the main branch of the evodia rutaecarpa rootstock is 1cm or 3 cm;
the length of the medium flower evodia rutaecarpa branch is 6cm, and the diameter of the medium flower evodia rutaecarpa branch is 0.5cm or lcm.
5. The method for grafting the evodia rutaecarpa at the high position on the rootstock of the evodia rutaecarpa in the claim 3 or 4,
during grafting, if the diameter of the medium flower evodia rutaecarpa branch is consistent with that of a main branch of a large flower evodia rutaecarpa stock, a split opening is formed in the middle of the large flower evodia rutaecarpa stock, and the medium flower evodia rutaecarpa branch is inserted into the split opening, so that the cut surface of the medium flower evodia rutaecarpa branch is tightly matched with the split opening of the large flower evodia rutaecarpa stock;
during grafting, if the diameter of the medium flower evodia rutaecarpa branch is smaller than that of a main branch of the large flower evodia rutaecarpa stock, a split opening is formed in one side of the large flower evodia rutaecarpa stock, and the medium flower evodia rutaecarpa branch is inserted into the split opening, so that cambium layers on two sides of the cut surface of the medium flower evodia rutaecarpa branch are tightly matched with cambium layers on two sides of the split opening of the large.
6. The method for grafting the evodia rutaecarpa on the rootstock of the evodia rutaecarpa at the high position according to claim 5,
the length of the cut surface of the evodia rutaecarpa branch is 2cm-3 cm;
the depth of the cleavage is 3cm-5 cm.
7. The method for grafting the evodia rutaecarpa on the rootstock of the evodia rutaecarpa at the high position according to claim 5,
the length of the cut surface of the evodia rutaecarpa branch is 2cm-3 cm;
the depth of the cleavage is 3cm-5 cm.
8. The method for high grafting of the evodia rutaecarpa on the rutaecarpa rootstock as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a strip-shaped plastic film with the width of 2cm to 3cm is used for wrapping the grafted part after grafting.
9. The method for grafting the evodia rutaecarpa at the high position on the rutaecarpa macrocarpa rootstock according to any one of claims 2 to 8, wherein before grafting, the method further comprises the steps of collecting and storing the evodia rutaecarpa branches, and specifically comprises the following steps:
cutting off the evodia rutaecarpa branches from the roots, and ensuring the cut to be smooth in the cutting process;
heating and melting solid paraffin to obtain liquid paraffin, immersing the cut mouth of the cut medium flower fructus evodiae branch into the liquid paraffin, taking out and cooling, wherein the immersion depth is 2 cm.
Taking river sand with the particle size of 0.5mm, placing the river sand in an environment with the environment temperature of 5 ℃ and the environment humidity of 60%, and placing the evodia rutaecarpa branches in the river sand in a layered mode along the horizontal direction, wherein the thickness of the river sand between layers is 10 cm.
10. The method for grafting the evodia rutaecarpa at the high position on the rootstock of the evodia rutaecarpa according to any one of claims 1 to 9, which is characterized by further comprising the following grafting management steps after grafting is completed:
and after grafting is finished, watering the evodia rutaecarpa rootstock thoroughly and performing pest control.
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| CN107278625A (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2017-10-24 | 张铁强 | A kind of method of apricot stock high position grafting Europe Lee |
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