CN112955983A - 防伪油墨用磁性粒子以及包含其的防伪油墨 - Google Patents
防伪油墨用磁性粒子以及包含其的防伪油墨 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112955983A CN112955983A CN201980070572.8A CN201980070572A CN112955983A CN 112955983 A CN112955983 A CN 112955983A CN 201980070572 A CN201980070572 A CN 201980070572A CN 112955983 A CN112955983 A CN 112955983A
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Abstract
公开一种磁性粒子以及包含其的防伪油墨,其特征在于,包括磁芯以及形成在磁芯外部的金属涂层,表面粗糙度(Ra)为0.15μm以下。根据本发明的磁性粒子在形成金属涂层之后,没有发生非正常的粒度增加现象,因此具有适合用于防伪油墨中的效果。
Description
技术领域
本申请要求基于2019年7月29日提出的韩国专利申请第2019-0091611号的优先权的利益,该韩国专利申请的文献中公开的所有内容作为一部分包含在本说明书中。
本发明涉及防伪油墨用磁性粒子以及包含其的防伪油墨。
背景技术
作为用于银行券等的防伪文件的防止伪造以及正品认证的安全因素,使用磁性物质的情况在增加。若利用将磁性物质混合到油墨中制造的防伪油墨,在防伪文件印刷图案,则可以利用能够检测磁性物质的检测装置,确认防伪文件是否有伪造。
通常,磁性物质是以微米单位的微粒形态包含在防伪油墨中。尤其,为了通过凹版印刷法形成防伪油墨图案,需要将防伪油墨中包含的磁性粒子的大小控制在一定数值以下。为此,在磁性粒子制造过程中,执行分级过程,筛选出预订大小以下的粒子,用于防伪油墨的制造中。
另一方面,磁性粒子一般呈暗色,因此通过在磁性粒子的表面形成银(Ag)等的金属涂层,赋予亮色的技术被众所周知。然而,在金属涂层过程中,存在磁性粒子的粒度出乎意料增加至预想范围以上的情况。这可能在防伪油墨的印刷过程中引起问题。
另外,为了确保印刷适性(Printability),严密设计防伪油墨的粘度。然而,根据磁性粒子,有时由于大幅度增加防伪油墨的粘度而破坏防伪油墨的印刷适性。
发明内容
本发明是为了解决如上所述现有技术的问题而提出的,其目的在于,提供一种形成金属涂层之后也保持均匀粒度的磁性粒子。
另外,本发明的另一目的在于,提供一种没有大幅度增加防伪油墨的粘度的磁性粒子以及包含其的防伪油墨。
本发明的目的不限于前述内容,尚未提及的本发明的其他目的以及优点可以通过以下说明理解。
用于达成所述目的的根据本发明的一实施例的磁性粒子包括磁芯以及形成在磁芯外部的金属涂层,其特征在于,表面粗糙度(Ra)为0.15μm以下。可以是,在磁芯和金属涂层之间形成有金属氧化物的中间层。
可以是,磁性粒子对900nm光的反射率为60%以上,粒度(D90)为15μm以下,吸油度为20以下。
可以是,磁芯为AlNiCo粒子,中间层为ZrO2层,金属涂层为银(Ag)涂层。可以是,当金属涂层为银涂层时,由将乙二胺作为络合剂的非电解镀层形成。
另外,根据本发明的实施例的磁性粒子包括磁芯以及形成在磁芯外部的金属涂层,其特征在于,金属涂层表面的异常凸出部形成面积相对于磁性粒子整体面积为2%以下。
根据本发明的实施例的防伪油墨的特征在于,含有上述任一磁性粒子。可以是,防伪油墨的粘度为12Pa·sec以下。
根据本发明,形成金属涂层之后的表面粗糙度(Ra)为0.15μm以下,优选为0.14μm以下,更加优选为0.13μm以下,从而具有可以提供形成金属涂层之后也保持均匀粒度且不会大幅度增加防伪油墨的粘度的磁性粒子以及防伪油墨的效果。
然而,本发明的效果不限于以上所提及的,本发明所属技术领域中具有通常知识的人可以通过以下记载供明确理解尚未提及的其他效果。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明的实施例的磁性粒子的概念图。
图2是根据本发明的实施例的银(Ag)涂层形成方法的流程图。
图3是形成银涂层之后基于粒度是否增加的表面SEM照片的比较结果。
图4是本发明的实施例以及比较例样品的SEM照片的比较结果。
具体实施方式
以下,详细说明本发明的优选实施例,然而本发明不受实施例限定或者限制。在本发明的说明中,当判断为对相关公知技术的具体说明可能混淆本发明的主旨时,省略其详细说明。另外,当未作其他定义时,本说明书中使用的术语应解释为本领域中具有通常知识的人通常所理解的内容。
本发明涉及在磁芯形成金属涂层的结构的磁性粒子以及包含其的防伪油墨。可以是,在磁芯和金属涂层之间形成有用于提高磁性粒子的耐久性、耐化学性的中间层。
本发明人在这种结构的磁性粒子的制造过程中,发现即便将磁芯的粒度严密调整为预定值以下,在形成金属涂层之后,发生从涂层厚度超过预期范围的粒度大幅度增加的现象,在查明其原因的过程中,了解到通过不均匀的金属涂层的形成,具体为局部形成异常凸出部所导致增加的表面粗糙度与粒度增加现象有关联,由此完成了本发明。
图1是根据本发明的实施例的磁性粒子的概念图。参照图1,根据本发明的实施例的磁性粒子1包括磁芯10以及形成在磁芯10外部的金属涂层30。可以在磁芯10和金属涂层30之间形成有中间层20。
磁芯10作为对磁性粒子1赋予磁性的构成,可以是具有磁性的金属或者金属合金。磁芯10可以由包括选自由Fe、Cu、Al、Ni、Co、Nb、Nd、Si、B、Cr以及Sm组成的组中的一种以上的物质形成。可以优选为,AlNiCo、FeCrCo或者CuNiFe。磁芯10可以是大致球形,为了适用于防伪油墨而可以将粒度调整为15μm以下。其中,粒度可以意指粒径累积分布中相当于90%的粒子大小即D90。
可以通过如下方法制造磁芯10。首先,将粉末或者锭形态的原料在惰性气体氛围下进行熔融,制造熔融液之后,通过雾化(Atomization)制造微粒。具体为,可以将熔融液注入到真空雾化密封器(vacuum atomization confinement)中,通过喷嘴以预定压力雾化冷却介质从而制造微粒。作为冷却介质,可以使用通过急速冷却能够以优异的收率制造超细微粒的水。此时,水中可以含有尿素等抗氧化剂。可以将制造的微粒在惰性气体氛围下进行热处理,从而提高矫顽力。热处理之后,可以通过分级过程,筛选出预定大小以下的粒子。分级可以使用气流分级。可以经过分级过程,获得粒度(D90)为15μm以下的磁芯10。
中间层20可以形成在磁芯10和金属涂层30之间,从而提高磁性粒子1的耐久性以及耐化学性。中间层20可以使金属涂层30均匀形成。中间层20可以由TiO2或者ZrO2等金属氧化物形成。中间层20可以形成为约5nm至15nm的厚度。中间层20的形成方法不受特别限制,可以通过溶胶-凝胶涂层法形成。
金属涂层30可以反射光而对磁性粒子1赋予亮色。金属涂层30可以为反射率优异的银(Ag)涂层。金属涂层30可以形成为约50nm至100nm的厚度。当金属涂层30为银(Ag)涂层时,为了形成均匀的涂层,可以调整银(Ag)含量以使得相对于磁芯10的重量达到10重量%至20重量%的范围。
金属涂层30可以通过非电解镀层法形成。假设银(Ag)涂层可以按照图2所示顺序形成。
参照图2,根据本发明的实施例的银(Ag)涂层形成方法可以包括:制造银胺络合溶液的步骤(S21);向制造的银胺络合溶液投入磁芯粒子的步骤(S22);投入还原剂溶液的步骤(S23);清洗以及干燥步骤(S24)。
首先,制造银胺络合溶液的步骤(S21)可以为,向溶剂投入银前驱体、pH调节剂以及络合剂(Complexing agent)之后,进行搅拌,制造银胺络合溶液的步骤。其中,可以是,溶剂为蒸馏水,银前驱体为硝酸银(AgNO3),络合剂可以为氨气(NH3)或者乙二胺(Ethylenediamine)。可以以氨水(NH4OH)或者铵盐形态投入氨气。为了形成均匀的银涂层,作为络合剂,可以优选使用乙二胺。搅拌可以进行至形成褐色沉淀。
S22步骤为,向制造的银胺络合溶液投入磁芯粒子的步骤。磁芯粒子可以为在表面形成有中间层的粒子。可以是,磁芯为AlNiCo粒子,中间层为ZrO2层。投入的磁芯可以为将粒度(D90)调整为15μm以下的粒子。投入之后,可以进行充分搅拌以使磁芯粒子和银胺络合溶液均匀混合的步骤。
接着,投入还原剂溶液(S23)。作为还原剂,可以包括葡萄糖(glucose)、单糖类(fructose)、半乳糖(galactose)、酒石酸钾(potassium tartrate)、酒石酸钠钾(potassium sodium tartrate)、酒石酸钠(sodium tartrate)、硬脂酰酒石酸酯(stearyltartrate)、甲醛等。优选为,可以使用在蒸馏水中溶解葡萄糖和酒石酸钾的溶液。
最后,可以将形成有银涂层的磁性粒子分离之后,进行清洗以及干燥(S24)。可以利用磁铁分离磁性粒子,可以利用乙醇反复清洗多次。
另一方面,通过分级过程,仅筛选出预定大小以下,例如粒度(D90)为15μm以下的磁芯10,进行了金属涂层形成工艺,即便如此,发现按照金属涂层工艺条件涂层之后粒度大幅度增加的情况。为了分其原因,形成银涂层之后,提取出正常粒度分布的样品和粒度非正常增加的样品,进行了扫描电子显微镜(SEM;Scanning Electron Microscope)分析,在图3中示出其结果。
参照图3,当粒度(D90)为15μm以下的正常样品时,观察到银涂层相对均匀形成的一个球形磁性粒子,与此相反地,当分析为粒度(D90)超过15μm的样品时,可以观察到多个磁性粒子成团(参照照片右侧下端)。即,推测是在银涂层形成过程中,发生磁性粒子彼此成团的现象,因这种成团现象导致粒度大幅度增加。
如果将这样粒度增加的磁性粒子适用于防伪油墨中,则在通过凹版印刷法形成磁性图案时可能引起问题。另外,因磁性粒子的成团而增加的表面积,导致吸油度增加,从而可能影响防伪油墨的物性。具体为,可以将防伪油墨的粘度大幅度增加到设计值以上,从而破坏印刷适性。
当因磁性粒子的成团现象而粒度大幅度增加的样品时,与正常的磁性粒子样品不同,观察到银涂层没有均匀形成而局部形成有非正常凸出的异常凸出部的现象(参照图3的箭头)。虽然没有明确查明机理,但是推测为在银涂层形成过程中形成异常凸出部的情况和磁性粒子的粒度增加彼此有相关关系。
这种局部异常凸出部的形成可能成为磁性粒子的表面粗糙度上升的原因。因此,为了得到没有局部形成异常凸出部以及粒度增加的磁性粒子,将金属涂层的表面粗糙度控制在预定值以下尤为重要。
在这种观点上,根据本发明的实施例的磁性粒子的特征在于,金属涂层的表面粗糙度为预定值以下。具体为,可以是表面粗糙度(Ra)为0.15μm以下,优选为0.14μm以下,更加优选为0.13μm以下。可以利用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜(CLSM;Confocal Laser ScanningMicroscope)测定表面粗糙度。
另外,为了得到亮色的磁性粒子,将金属涂层控制在表面粗糙度为预定值以下的同时反射率为预定值以上是很重要的。因此,根据本发明的实施例的磁性粒子可以是对900nm光的反射率为60%以上。
另外,根据本发明的实施例的磁性粒子可以为,金属涂层的局部的异常凸出部的形状面积相对于磁性粒子表面积为2%以下。其中,可以在扫描电子显微镜照片中,提取出磁性粒子的中央一部分面积,计算异常凸出部的面积。例如,可以作为对象区域,提取将磁性粒子直径的大约50%作为一边的正方形区域,计算相对于对象区域整体面积,对象区域中包含的异常凸出部的面积比率。可以通过图像处理算法自动计算对象区域的面积以及包含在对象区域中的异常凸出部的面积,但不限于此。
根据本发明的实施例的磁性粒子可以是吸油度为20以下,优选为15以下。其中,吸油度表示每100g的磁性粒子试样所吸收的油的量(g)。将磁性粒子保持低的吸油度,从而可以使包含磁性粒子的防伪油墨的粘度因磁性粒子而增加的现象最小化。
本发明作为实施例公开包含磁性粒子的防伪油墨。可以是根据本发明的防伪油墨包括5wt%至15wt%的上述磁性粒子,包括20wt%至40wt%的清漆、30wt%至50wt%的颜料、5wt%至10wt%的表面活性剂、1wt%至10wt%的蜡以及2wt%至10wt%的溶剂。
作为一例,清漆可以为热塑性树脂、热固性树脂或者光固化树脂,可以溶解在有机溶剂。作为热塑性树脂,具有石油树脂、酪蛋白、虫胶、松香改性马来酸树脂、松香改性酚醛树脂、硝化纤维、乙酸丁酸纤维素、环化橡胶、氯化橡胶、氧化橡胶、盐酸化橡胶、酚醛树脂、醇酸树脂、聚酯树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂、氨基树脂、环氧树脂、乙烯树脂、氯乙烯树脂、过氯乙烯树脂、氯醋酸乙烯树脂、乙烯醋酸乙烯树脂、丙烯酸树脂、甲基丙烯酸树脂、聚氨酯树脂、硅树脂、氟树脂、干性油、合成干性油、苯乙烯-马来酸树脂、苯乙烯-丙烯酸树脂、聚酰胺树脂或者丁醛树脂等。作为热固性树脂,具有环氧树脂、酚醛树脂、苯代三聚氰胺树脂、三聚氰胺树脂或者尿素树脂等。作为光固化树脂(光敏树脂),可以使用将具有异氰酸酯基、醛基或者环氧基等的反应性取代基的(甲基)丙烯酸化合物或者肉桂酸与具有羟基、羧基或者氨基等的反应性取代基的线型高分子进行反应,从而将(甲基)丙烯酰基或者苯乙烯基等的光交联基导入到该线型高分子中的树脂。另外,也可以使用将含有苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物或者α-烯烃-马来酸酐共聚物等的酸酐的线型高分子通过具有羟烷基(甲基)丙烯酸酯等的羟基的(甲基)丙烯酸化合物进行半酯化的树脂。
颜料不受特别限制,例如,可以使用可溶性偶氮颜料、不溶性偶氮颜料、酞菁颜料、卤化酞菁颜料、喹吖啶酮颜料、异吲哚啉酮颜料、异吲哚啉颜料、二萘嵌苯颜料、芘酮颜料、二恶嗪颜料、蒽醌颜料、二蒽醌基颜料、蒽嘧啶颜料、蒽嵌蒽醌颜料、靛蒽醌颜料、黄蒽酮颜料、皮蒽酮颜料或者二酮吡咯并吡咯颜料等。
表面活性剂可以为选自由氟化表面活性剂、聚合性氟化表面活性剂、硅氧烷表面活性剂、聚合性硅氧烷表面活性剂、聚氧乙烯表面活性剂以及其衍生物等组成的组中的任一种以上,种类不受特别限制。
蜡可以为具有减少树脂的粘性(tack)的效果的粉末类型,作为一例,可以含有选自聚乙烯蜡、酰胺蜡、芥酸酰胺(erucamide)蜡、聚丙烯蜡、石蜡、特氟龙以及巴西棕榈(carnauba)蜡等中的一个以上,但不限于此。
溶剂作为一般的有机溶剂,只要是可以均匀混合蜡、颜料、清漆等物质的溶剂,则不受特别限制。作为可使用的溶剂,可以为选自乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸异丁酯、甲苯、二甲苯、丙酮、己烷、甲乙酮、环己酮、丙二醇单甲醚乙酸酯、二乙二醇单乙醚醋酸酯、二乙二醇二乙醚、二乙二醇单丁醚、二丙二醇单甲醚醋酸酯、二甘醇一乙基醚醋酸酯以及二乙二醇单丁醚醋酸酯等中的任一个或者两个以上。
根据本发明的实施例的防伪油墨可以具有12Pa·sec以下的粘度,可以优选具有8Pa·sec~12Pa·sec范围的粘度。
以下,基于具体实施例更加详细说明本发明。
1.磁芯的制造
为了制造AlNiCo磁芯,按照设计组成,将原料粉末放入熔炉之后,进行加热,形成熔融液。设计组成为6wt%的Al、15wt%的Ni、22wt%的Co、4wt%的Ti、3wt%的Cu、50wt%的Fe,在惰性氛围的熔炉内以1600℃进行加热。原料粉末使用了99.9%以上纯度的粉末。将熔融液注入到真空雾化密封器中,将25%的尿素水溶液作为冷却介质,以600bar进行雾化,形成微粒。
将制造的微粒在氩气氛围下,在750℃下热处理1小时。将热处理之后获得的粒子以7500rpm的旋转速度以及2.8m3/分钟的空气注入量条件下,利用循环方式进行气流分级。通过气流分级,获得D90为15μm以下的磁芯粒子。
2.中间层的形成
向乙醇投入10g的磁芯、10ml的蒸馏水之后,照射超声波进行分散。其中,缓慢投入混合有10ml的四叔丁醇锆(Zirconium-tert-butoxide)和170ml的乙醇的溶液。在85℃下以300rpm的旋转速度搅拌3小时之后,利用磁铁分离形成有ZrO2涂层的粒子,利用乙醇清洗2次之后,进行干燥。
3.金属涂层的形成
向1200ml的蒸馏水投入21g的硝酸银(AgNO3)和4g的氢氧化钠(NaOH)之后,投入34ml的络合剂,搅拌至褐色的沉淀变为透明的银胺络合溶液。络合剂使用了氨气(NH3)或者乙二胺(Ethylene diamine)。氨气以氨水(NH4OH)形态投入。
向银胺络合溶液投入60g形成有ZrO2涂层的粒子之后,以300rpm速度搅拌30分钟。向400ml的蒸馏水投入溶解有20g葡萄糖(Glucose)、酒石酸钾(potassium tartrate)的还原剂溶液之后,以300rpm速度搅拌1小时,形成银涂层。利用磁铁分离制得的磁性粒子之后,利用乙醇清洗2次,进行干燥。
形成银涂层时的反应温度保持约3℃~5℃,为了比较,还获取将反应温度变为25℃的样品。酒石酸钾是在相对于硝酸银质量约5%~10%范围内进行变化。
实施例和比较例样品的银涂层形成工艺条件为如表1所示。
[表1]
※酒石酸[g]÷硝酸银[g]×100
4.防伪油墨的制造
制造含有10wt%的已制得的磁性粒子的防伪油墨。除了磁性粒子之外,包含32wt%的清漆、5wt%的填充剂、34wt%的体质颜料、8wt%的混合蜡、2wt%的脂肪烃、2wt%的溶剂(二乙二醇单丁醚)、2wt%的表面活性剂。
5.分析结果
分析实施例和比较例磁性粒子样品的表面粗糙度、反射率、粒度、吸油度,比较分析了包含磁性粒子而制得的防伪油墨的粘度。利用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜(CLSM)测定表面粗糙度(Ra),以900nm光为基准测定反射率。利用粒度分析仪(Beckman,CoulterMultisizer3)测定粒度,按照作为韩国工业标准KS M ISO 787标准的一部分定义的测定颜料或者体质颜料的吸油量的试验方法,测定吸油量(Oil absorption value)。
利用扫描电子显微镜(FEI company,Magellan400)观察磁性粒子样品的表面。作为对象区域,选择各样品的表面图像的中央区域之后,观察对象区域内的异常凸出部,并算出异常凸出部形成面积比率。
关于防伪油墨的粘度,使用旋转式粘度测定仪(Haake Rotovisco),在样品保持间距为0.1mm、温度为40℃、剪切速度为1000S-1的条件下,测定30秒。
实施例和比较例样品的特性分析结果为如表2所示,在图4中示出利用扫描电子显微镜观察实施例以及比较例1、2、3的磁性粒子表面的结果。
[表2]
根据表2的结果,可以确认到,在实施例样品中,其表面粗糙度(Ra)为0.125μm而相对较低,反射率也高达64.6%,从而形成了均匀的银涂层。另外,在图4的扫描电子显微镜观察结果中,也未存在异常凸出部。粒度分析结果,可以确认到,在以粒度(D90)为13.2μm形成银涂层的过程中,粒度并没有增加,由此可以得到低的吸油度特性和粘度特性。
比较例1的样品显示表面粗糙度(Ra)为0.144μm而比较低,也没有粒度增加,然而反射率为51.1%而显示低。通过图4的扫描电子显微镜观察结果可以确认到,其是因为银涂层不覆盖磁性粒子整体面积而局部存在没有被涂层的区域。即,如比较例1的样品那样,即便表面粗糙度(Ra)为0.15μm以下且保持低的吸油度或者粘度,如果反射率为60%以下,则不适合作为适用于亮色的防伪油墨中的磁性粒子。
比较例2、3、4的样品分析结果显示,反射率为60%以上而属于正常范围,然而表面粗糙度(Ra)全部为0.15μm以上,粒度(D90)也在银涂层形成过程中大幅度增加。从表2的分析结果中可以确认到,其导致吸油度增加以及粘度增加。从对比较例2、3样品的扫描电子显微镜观察结果(图4)可以确认到,比较例2、3样品形成有异常凸出部。比较例2、3样品的异常凸出部形成面积比率分别为2.6%、4.8%,全部为2%以上,在扫描电子显微镜分析中观察到与周围磁性粒子发生成团现象。
这种非正常的银涂层的形成以及由此带来的粒度增加导致吸油度以及粘度的增加,比较例2~4样品的吸油度全部为20以上,粘度超过12Pa·sec。
以上,参照有限的实施例以及附图进行了说明,然而其属于示例,一般的技术人员应明确可以在本发明的技术构思的范围内进行各种变形。另外,各实施例中说明的技术构思不仅当然可以各自独立实施,而且也可以彼此组合实施。因此,本发明的保护范围应通过权利要求书中的记载以及其等同范围来确定。
Claims (10)
1.一种磁性粒子,包括磁芯以及形成在所述磁芯外部的金属涂层,其特征在于,
表面粗糙度(Ra)为0.15μm以下。
2.根据权利要求1所述的磁性粒子,其特征在于,
在所述磁芯和所述金属涂层之间形成有金属氧化物的中间层。
3.根据权利要求2所述的磁性粒子,其特征在于,
对900nm光的反射率为60%以上。
4.根据权利要求2所述的磁性粒子,其特征在于,
粒度(D90)为15μm以下。
5.根据权利要求2所述的磁性粒子,其特征在于,
吸油度为20以下。
6.根据权利要求2所述的磁性粒子,其特征在于,
所述磁芯为AlNiCo粒子,所述中间层为ZrO2层,所述金属涂层为银涂层。
7.根据权利要求1所述的磁性粒子,其特征在于,
所述金属涂层为由将乙二胺作为络合剂的非电解镀层形成的银涂层。
8.一种磁性粒子,包括磁芯以及形成在所述磁芯外部的金属涂层,其特征在于,
所述金属涂层表面的异常凸出部形成面积相对于磁性粒子整体面积为2%以下。
9.一种防伪油墨,含有权利要求1至8中任一项所述的磁性粒子。
10.根据权利要求9所述的防伪油墨,其特征在于,
粘度为12Pa·sec以下。
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KR20210013869A (ko) | 2021-02-08 |
CN112955983B (zh) | 2024-06-28 |
WO2021020635A1 (ko) | 2021-02-04 |
EP3886124A4 (en) | 2022-08-24 |
KR102218729B1 (ko) | 2021-02-23 |
US20220153055A1 (en) | 2022-05-19 |
JP2022513058A (ja) | 2022-02-07 |
EP3886124A1 (en) | 2021-09-29 |
JP7312254B2 (ja) | 2023-07-20 |
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