CN112939863A - 一类高亮度、高光稳定性脂滴荧光探针及其合成方法与应用 - Google Patents
一类高亮度、高光稳定性脂滴荧光探针及其合成方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明开发出了一类高亮度、高光稳定性脂滴探针及其合成方法与应用,结构特点是在萘酰亚胺母体的3‑位引入不同含氮取代基。该类探针合成方法简单,原料价廉易得。探针在质子性溶剂如水中荧光量子产率小于0.01,而在非质子性溶剂如二氯甲烷中荧光量子产率可达到0.7。这类探针有优异的亮度和光稳定性,能够快速透过细胞并富集于脂滴中,实现脂滴的免洗荧光成像,在细胞生物学研究中具有广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于荧光探针和成像领域,具体涉及一类高光稳定性、高信噪比的脂滴荧光探针的结构、合成方法及其在荧光成像领域中的应用。
背景技术
脂滴是细胞中中性脂的储存场所,脂滴自身及与其他细胞器间的相互作用调控着细胞内脂质合成、脂质代谢等重要的生理过程,与肥胖、糖尿病等疾病密切相关。因此监测其形态及与多种细胞器的相互作用,对深刻理解复杂的细胞生命活动非常必要。超分辨荧光成像技术打破了传统光学衍射极限,利用其对脂滴进行实时成像,揭示脂滴在各项生命活动中的动态变化对于脂滴研究有着重要的意义。
目前广泛使用的脂滴探针主要有BODIPY类探针和尼罗红探针。这两类探针常由于非特异性识别,在成像时易受背景荧光信号影响;
且这两类探针普遍存在着光稳定性差的缺陷,在用于脂滴超分辨荧光成像时容易发生光漂白现象,难以实现对脂滴进行长时间观察成像。因此,亟需开发一种高信噪比、高光稳定性的脂滴探针以满足脂滴动态超分辨荧光成像的需求。
发明内容
本发明开发出了一类萘酰亚胺类荧光探针,该探针在萘酰亚胺母体的3-位引入不同含氮取代基,使探针在质子性溶剂如水中荧光量子产率小于0.01,而在非质子性溶剂如二氯甲烷中荧光量子产率可达到0.7。研究发现这类探针有合适的亮度及优异的光稳定性,能够快速透过细胞并富集于脂滴中,借助结构光照明荧光显微镜实现了脂滴的动态超分辨荧光成像。
本发明所述的高亮度、高稳定性脂滴荧光探针,是以3-取代萘酰亚胺探针为结构单元,其结构式如下所示:
同时,本发明还提供了所述3-位取代萘酰亚胺探针的一般合成方法,合成步骤如下:
具体合成步骤如下:
(1)中间体N-胺基-3-溴-1,8-萘酰亚胺的合成
化合物3-溴-1,8-萘酐溶于乙醇中,向其中加入相应的伯胺,缓慢升温70-85℃搅拌,反应8-12小时后减压除去溶剂,硅胶色谱柱分离提纯得到中间体N-胺基-3-溴-1,8-萘酰亚胺。
(2)不同3-位取代1,8-萘酰亚胺脂滴探针的合成
在氮气氛围中,将中间体N-胺基-3-溴-1,8-萘酰亚胺、叔丁醇钾、二氯双[二叔丁基(4-二甲氨基苯基)膦]钯(II)溶于干燥的甲苯中,加入相应的伯胺或仲胺,升温至90-115℃搅拌反应8-12小时后减压除去溶剂,硅胶色谱柱分离提纯得到不同3-位取代1,8-萘酰亚胺脂滴探针。
步骤一中,3-溴-1,8-萘酐与对应的伯胺的质量比为1:1-10,3-溴-1,8-萘酐的质量与无水乙醇的体积比为1:10-20g/mL。
步骤二中,中间体N-胺基-3-溴-1,8-萘酰亚胺与叔丁醇钾、二氯双[二叔丁基(4-二甲氨基苯基)膦]钯(II)的质量比为1:1-10:0.1-1;中间体N-胺基-3-溴-1,8-萘酰亚胺与对应伯胺或仲胺的质量比为1-1:20,中间体N-胺基-3-溴-1,8-萘酰亚胺的质量与甲苯的体积比为1:10-100g/mL。
上述荧光探针能够在活细胞内对脂滴进行特异性标记并实现荧光成像。
本发明有益效果:
这类探针拥有合成原料低价、方法简单且易于衍生等优点。
这类探针在萘酰亚胺母体的3-位引入的不同的取代基,使探针在质子性溶剂如水中荧光量子产率小于0.01,而在非质子性溶剂如二氯甲烷中荧光量子产率可达到0.7,有效地降低了成像时的背景,并增加了探针的光稳定性。
探针具有很高的光稳定性,500W钨灯照射8小时后,荧光强度仍保持在起始值的80%以上。
该探针可以实现对细胞中脂滴的精准定位,可用于细胞或组织中脂滴及各种脂质的成像、传感、检测等领域的研究。
附图说明
图1:实施例1制备得到的中间体Mor-3-Br的核磁氢谱;
图2:实施例1制备得到的脂滴探针Mor-3-Aze的核磁氢谱;
图3:实施例1制备得到的脂滴探针Mor-3-Aze的核磁碳谱;
图4:实施例1制备得到的脂滴探针Mor-3-Aze在二氯甲烷中归一化荧光激发与发射谱图,横坐标为波长,纵坐标为归一化的荧光强度与吸收强度,荧光探针的浓度为10μM;;
图5:实施例2制备得到的中间体DMA-3-Br的核磁氢谱;
图6:实施例2制备得到的脂滴探针DMA-3-DMA与BODIPY 493和尼罗红在三油酸甘油酯中,经过不同时间光照射后后其最大荧光发射强度的变化图,横坐标为激光照射时间,纵坐标为相对荧光强度,即最大荧光发射强度与初始最大荧光发射强度的比值;
图7:实施例4制备得到的中间体Me-3-Br的核磁氢谱;
图8:实施例4制备得到的脂滴探针Me-3-Ean的核磁氢谱;
图9:实施例4制备得到的脂滴探针Me-3-Ean的核磁碳谱;
图10:脂滴探针Bu-3-Aze的HeLa细胞结构光照明显微成像图;
图11:脂滴探针Bu-3-Aze在HeLa细胞中结构光照明显微成像荧光强度变化图,横坐标为激光照射时间,纵坐标为相对荧光强度,即最大荧光发射强度与初始最大荧光发射强度的比值。
具体实施方式
下面的实施例将对本发明予以进一步的说明,但并不因此而限制本发明。
实施例1.
脂滴探针Mor-3-Aze的合成。
中间体Mor-3-Br合成路线和产物结构如下:
称取3-溴-1,8-萘酐(1.0g,3.6mmol)于20mL无水乙醇中,加入4-(2-氨基乙基)吗啉(0.45g,3.6mmol),将反应液加热至70℃反应10h后,反应液冷却至室温,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,残余物经硅胶柱(二氯甲烷/甲醇=50/1,V/V)分离得到产物1.16g,为白色固体,产率83%。
其核磁谱图氢谱如下图1所示,具体数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.64(s,1H),8.58(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),8.36(s,1H),8.12(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.78(t,J=7.7Hz,1H),4.34(dd,J=14.4,7.7Hz,2H),3.71-3.63(m,4H),2.70(t,J=6.7Hz,2H),2.59(s,4H).
经检测,其结构如上式Mor-3-Br所示。
脂滴探针Mor-3-Aze的合成路线和产物结构如下:
在氮气氛围中,将Mor-3-Br(100mg,0.26mmol)、叔丁醇钾(29mg,0.26mmol)、二氯双[二叔丁基(4-二甲氨基苯基)膦]钯(II)(180mg,0.26mmol)溶于5mL干燥的甲苯中,再加入氮杂环丁烷(148mg,2.6mmol),升温至90℃搅拌反应12小时后,反应液冷却至室温,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,残余物经硅胶柱(二氯甲烷/甲醇=30/1,V/V)分离得到产物37mg,为橙色固体,产率40%。
其核磁谱图氢谱如下图2所示,具体数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.25(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.91(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.77(t,J=3.2Hz,1H),7.57(t,J=7.7Hz,1H),6.89(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),4.32(t,J=7.0Hz,2H),4.05(t,J=7.2Hz,4H),3.71–3.65(m,4H),2.69(t,J=7.0Hz,2H),2.60(s,4H),2.53-2.41(m,2H).
其核磁谱图碳谱如下图3所示,具体数据如下:
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ164.51,164.42,150.07,133.91,133.24,131.71,131.16,127.08,126.92,126.85,123.06,122.36,121.70,118.37,110.10,67.08,56.20,53.84,52.34,37.16,16.88.
经检测,其结构如上式Mor-3-Aze所示,能够准确定位活细胞脂滴中进行超分辨荧光成像。
将待测探针溶解于二甲基亚砜溶液中,配制成2mM母液,根据需要制配成不同浓度测试溶液,对其光谱及细胞成像进行检测。
Mor-3-Aze在二氯甲烷中的光谱测试。取20μL Mor-3-Aze母液,加入4mL二氯甲烷中,配制成10μM的荧光探针测试液,并进行紫外吸收光谱和荧光发射光谱的测试。
Mor-3-Aze在二氯甲烷中的归一化紫外吸收光谱和荧光发射光谱如图4所示,其中荧光探针浓度为10μM,Mor-3-Aze在二氯甲烷中量子产率达到0.7,具有较高的亮度。
实施例2.
脂滴探针DMA-3-DMA的合成。
中间体DMA-3-Br合成路线和产物结构如下:
称取3-溴-1,8-萘酐(1.0g,3.6mmol)于20mL无水乙醇中,加入N,N-二甲基乙二胺(3.2g,36mmol),将反应液加热至85℃反应8h后,反应液冷却至室温,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,残余物经硅胶柱(二氯甲烷/甲醇=50/1,V/V)分离得到产物1.1g,为白色固体,产率88%。
其核磁谱图氢谱如下图5所示,具体数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.65–8.47(m,2H),8.33(dd,J=19.6,4.7Hz,1H),8.08(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.74(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),4.29(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),2.63(dd,J=13.1,6.2Hz,2H),2.42-2.25(m,6H).
经检测,其结构如上式DMA-3-Br所示。
脂滴探针DMA-3-DMA的合成路线和产物结构如下:
在氮气氛围中,将DMA-3-Br(90mg,0.26mmol)、叔丁醇钾(290mg,2.6mmol)、二氯双[二叔丁基(4-二甲氨基苯基)膦]钯(II)(18mg,0.026mmol)溶于15mL干燥的甲苯中,再加入30%二甲胺水溶液(195mg,1.3mmol),升温至115℃搅拌反应12小时后,反应液冷却至室温,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,残余物经硅胶柱(二氯甲烷/甲醇=20/1,V/V)分离得到产物26mg,为橙色固体,产率32%。
其核磁氢谱数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.21(d,J=6.2Hz,1H),8.16(d,J=4.7Hz,1H),8.11(t,J=9.2Hz,1H),7.48(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),6.94(d,J=5.5Hz,1H),4.16(q,J=8.9Hz,2H),3.02(s,6H)2.57(dd,J=17.1,5.6Hz,2H),2.21(m,6H).
其核磁碳谱数据如下:
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ160.22,159.31,151.67,136.88,134.18,133.15,130.21,126.80,125.68,121.42,117.70,116.63,66.55,52.14,46.84,41.16.
经检测,其结构如上式DMA-3-DMA所示,能够准确定位活细胞脂滴中进行超分辨荧光成像。
将待测探针溶解于二甲基亚砜溶液中,配制成2mM母液,根据需要制配成不同浓度测试溶液,对其光谱及细胞成像进行检测。
DMA-3-DMA、BODIPY 493及尼罗红(Nile Red)在三油酸甘油酯中的光稳定性测试。取20μL DMA-3-DMA、BODIPY 493、尼罗红母液,分别加入4mL三油酸甘油酯中,配制成10μM的荧光探针测试液,并在500W钨灯下连续照射。光源距离样品30cm,每次将测试液温度稳定在25℃后进行荧光光谱测试。采取0,0.5,1,2,3,4.5,6,8h为时间点分别测试。
DMA-3-DMA、BODIPY 493及尼罗红(Nile Red)在不同时间光照后,最大荧光发射强度与初始最大荧光发射强度的比值如图6所示;其中荧光探针浓度均为10μM,在连续照射8h后,DMA-3-DMA的荧光发射强度相比初始最大荧光发射强度仅下降了约15%,而BODIPY 493及尼罗红的发射强度分别下降了约95%和75%,证明DMA-3-DMA有很好的光稳定性。
实施例3.
脂滴探针Bu-3-Aze的合成。
中间体Bu-3-Br合成路线和产物结构如下:
称取3-溴-1,8-萘酐(500mg,1.8mmol)于10mL无水乙醇中,加入正丁胺(1.05g,14.4mmol),将反应液加热至70℃反应8h后,反应液冷却至室温,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,残余物经硅胶柱(二氯甲烷/甲醇=80/1,V/V)分离得到产物536mg,为白色固体,产率90%。
其高分辨质谱数据如下:
HRMS(ESI):m/z:[M+H]+:计算值:332.0286,实验值:332.0254。
经检测,其结构如上式Bu-3-Br所示。
脂滴探针Bu-3-Aze的合成路线和产物结构如下:
在氮气氛围中,将Bu-3-Br(200mg,0.52mmol)、叔丁醇钾(174mg,1.56mmol)、二氯双[二叔丁基(4-二甲氨基苯基)膦]钯(II)(113mg,0.16mmol)溶于10mL干燥的甲苯中,再加入氮杂环丁烷(148mg,2.6mmol),升温至100℃搅拌反应8小时后,反应液冷却至室温,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,残余物经硅胶柱(二氯甲烷/甲醇=50/1,V/V)分离得到产物72mg,为橙色固体,产率45%。
其核磁氢谱数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.25(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.89(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.75(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),7.55(t,J=7.7Hz,1H),6.87(s,1H),4.28-4.22(m,2H),4.05(t,J=7.2Hz,4H),2.56-2.38(m,2H),1.78(dt,J=14.9,7.3Hz,2H),1.53(dq,J=14.6,7.3Hz,2H),1.01(t,J=7.4Hz,3H).
其高分辨质谱数据如下:
HRMS(ESI):m/z:[M+H]+:计算值:309.1603,实验值:309.1662。
经检测,其结构如上式Bu-3-Aze所示,能够准确定位活细胞脂滴中进行超分辨荧光成像。
实施例4.
脂滴探针Me-3-Ean的合成。
中间体Bu-3-Br合成路线和产物结构如下:
称取3-溴-1,8-萘酐(500mg,1.8mmol)于10mL无水乙醇中,加入30%甲胺醇溶液(1.86g,18mmol),将反应液加热至70℃反应8h后,反应液冷却至室温,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,残余物经硅胶柱(二氯甲烷/甲醇=80/1,V/V)分离得到产物458mg,为白色固体,产率88%。
其核磁谱图氢谱如下图7所示,具体数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.62(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),8.58(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),8.34(s,1H),8.11(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.77(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),3.55(s,3H).
经检测,其结构如上式Me-3-Br所示。
脂滴探针Me-3-Ean的合成路线和产物结构如下:
在氮气氛围中,将Me-3-Br(50mg,0.17mmol)、叔丁醇钾(58mg,0.52mmol)、二氯双[二叔丁基(4-二甲氨基苯基)膦]钯(II)(113mg,0.16mmol)溶于5mL干燥的甲苯中,再加入70%乙胺水溶液(109mg,1.7mmol),升温至105℃搅拌反应12小时后,反应液冷却至室温,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,残余物经硅胶柱(二氯甲烷/甲醇=50/1,V/V)分离得到产物18mg,为橙色固体,产率43%。
其核磁谱图氢谱如下图8所示,具体数据如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ8.08(d,J=3.6Hz,1H),8.06(d,J=2.7Hz,1H),8.00(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),7.63(t,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.17(s,1H),6.55(s,1H),3.37(s,3H),3.25-3.15(m,2H),1.26(t,J=7.1Hz,3H).
其核磁谱图碳谱如下图9所示,具体数据如下:
13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ164.54,164.34,147.95,134.33,132.06,127.48,125.45,122.87,122.44,122.23,120.89,108.13,37.85,27.10,14.41.
经检测,其结构如上式Me-3-Ean所示,能够准确定位活细胞脂滴中进行超分辨荧光成像。
实施例5.
Bu-3-Aze对活细胞染色后的荧光成像显微成像实验。将待测探针溶解于二甲基亚砜溶液中,配制成2mM母液。取0.5μL Bu-3-Aze母液溶于1mL细胞培养液中,37℃,5%CO2下孵育15分钟后分别进行结构光照明荧光显微成像。
Bu-3-Aze终浓度为1μM的细胞培养液孵育HeLa细胞15分钟后结构光照明显微成像图,如图10所示,HeLa细胞内圆型的脂滴清晰可见。
实施例6.
Bu-3-Aze对活细胞染色光稳定性测试。取0.5μL Bu-3-Aze母液溶于1mL细胞培养液中,37℃,5%CO2下孵育15分钟后分别进行结构光照明荧光显微成像,在1分钟内每间隔2秒进行成像。
Bu-3-Aze终浓度为1μM的细胞培养液孵育HeLa细胞成像光稳定性图,如图11所示,在1分钟内每间隔2秒进行成像后,Bu-3-Aze的荧光发射强度相比初始最大荧光发射强度没有发生明显降低,证明Bu-3-Aze在细胞内成像时有很高的光稳定性。
Claims (8)
2.根据权利要求1所述的高亮度、高光稳定性脂滴探针,其特征在于,在萘酰亚胺母体的3-位引入不同含氮取代基。
3.一种如权利要求1所述的高亮度、高光稳定性脂滴探针的合成方法,其特征在于,具体包含步骤如下:
(1)中间体N-胺基-3-溴-1,8-萘酰亚胺的合成
化合物3-溴-1,8-萘酐溶于乙醇中,向其中加入相应的伯胺,缓慢升温70-85℃搅拌,反应8-12小时后减压除去溶剂,硅胶色谱柱分离提纯得到中间体N-胺基-3-溴-1,8-萘酰亚胺;
(2)不同3-位取代1,8-萘酰亚胺脂滴探针的合成
在氮气氛围中,将步骤(1)得到的中间体N-胺基-3-溴-1,8-萘酰亚胺、叔丁醇钾、二氯双[二叔丁基(4-二甲氨基苯基)膦]钯(II)溶于干燥的甲苯中,加入相应的伯胺或仲胺,升温至90-115℃搅拌反应8-12小时后减压除去溶剂,硅胶色谱柱分离提纯得到不同3-位取代1,8-萘酰亚胺脂滴探针。
4.如权利要求3所述的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中:3-溴-1,8-萘酐与对应的伯胺的质量比为1:1-10,3-溴-1,8-萘酐的质量与无水乙醇的体积比为1:10-20g/mL。
5.如权利要求3中所述的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中:中间体N-胺基-3-溴-1,8-萘酰亚胺与叔丁醇钾、二氯双[二叔丁基(4-二甲氨基苯基)膦]钯(II)的质量比为1:1-10:0.1-1。
6.如权利要求3中所述的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中:中间体N-胺基-3-溴-1,8-萘酰亚胺与对应伯胺或仲胺的质量比为1-1:20。
7.如权利要求3中所述的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中:中间体N-胺基-3-溴-1,8-萘酰亚胺的质量与甲苯的体积比为1:10-100g/mL。
8.一种如权利要求1所述的高亮度、高光稳定性脂滴探针在荧光成像、荧光传感、生化检测等领域的应用。
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