CN112939815A - 一种含有端双键的氨基甲酸酯及其制备方法和聚合物 - Google Patents
一种含有端双键的氨基甲酸酯及其制备方法和聚合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112939815A CN112939815A CN202110252479.8A CN202110252479A CN112939815A CN 112939815 A CN112939815 A CN 112939815A CN 202110252479 A CN202110252479 A CN 202110252479A CN 112939815 A CN112939815 A CN 112939815A
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- Prior art keywords
- carbamate
- reaction
- terminal double
- amine compound
- monomer
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 23
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- -1 amine compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 22
- QYODLKIODCGDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl n-benzylcarbamate Chemical compound C=COC(=O)NCC1=CC=CC=C1 QYODLKIODCGDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
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- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Dimethylaminopyridine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=NC=C1 VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperidine Chemical compound C1CCNCC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC=C XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
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- PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-SNAWJCMRSA-N (E)-1,3-pentadiene Chemical compound C\C=C\C=C PMJHHCWVYXUKFD-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KYVBNYUBXIEUFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine Chemical compound CN(C)C(=N)N(C)C KYVBNYUBXIEUFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PGRNEGLBSNLPNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,6-dichloro-3-methylhex-1-ene Chemical compound ClC=CC(C)CCCCl PGRNEGLBSNLPNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- HMDQPBSDHHTRNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(chloromethyl)-3-ethenylbenzene Chemical compound ClCC1=CC=CC(C=C)=C1 HMDQPBSDHHTRNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZRZHXNCATOYMJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(chloromethyl)-4-ethenylbenzene Chemical compound ClCC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 ZRZHXNCATOYMJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NNQDMQVWOWCVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromoprop-1-ene Chemical group CC=CBr NNQDMQVWOWCVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CSC(C=2C=C(OCC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)=N1 OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C=C GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FVKFHMNJTHKMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydro-2H-pyrimido[1,2-a]pyrimidine Chemical compound C1CCN2CCCNC2=N1 FVKFHMNJTHKMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RIMXEJYJXDBLIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-bromohex-1-ene Chemical compound BrCCCCC=C RIMXEJYJXDBLIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LINDOXZENKYESA-UHFFFAOYSA-N TMG Natural products CNC(N)=NC LINDOXZENKYESA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YACLQRRMGMJLJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroprene Chemical compound ClC(=C)C=C YACLQRRMGMJLJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical class OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylamine Chemical compound CCNCC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- LNMQRPPRQDGUDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCOC(=O)C=C LNMQRPPRQDGUDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl vinyl ether Chemical compound COC=C XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N norbornene Chemical compound C1[C@@H]2CC[C@H]1C=C2 JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [K+].CC(C)(C)[O-] LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010898 silica gel chromatography Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
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- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006969 Curtius rearrangement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=O YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004657 carbamic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- DPKBAXPHAYBPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylazanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DPKBAXPHAYBPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C271/00—Derivatives of carbamic acids, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atom not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
- C07C271/06—Esters of carbamic acids
- C07C271/08—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C271/10—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with the nitrogen atoms of the carbamate groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C271/12—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with the nitrogen atoms of the carbamate groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms to hydrogen atoms or to carbon atoms of unsubstituted hydrocarbon radicals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C269/00—Preparation of derivatives of carbamic acid, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atom not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C269/00—Preparation of derivatives of carbamic acid, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atom not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
- C07C269/06—Preparation of derivatives of carbamic acid, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atom not being part of nitro or nitroso groups by reactions not involving the formation of carbamate groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C277/00—Preparation of guanidine or its derivatives, i.e. compounds containing the group, the singly-bound nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
- C07C277/08—Preparation of guanidine or its derivatives, i.e. compounds containing the group, the singly-bound nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups of substituted guanidines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D307/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D307/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
- C07D307/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D307/38—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D307/52—Radicals substituted by nitrogen atoms not forming part of a nitro radical
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F112/00—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring
- C08F112/02—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
- C08F112/32—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing two or more rings
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种含有端双键的氨基甲酸酯及其制备方法和聚合物。其制备方法步骤如下:1)在高压反应釜中,将胺类化合物和强碱催化剂在无溶剂或有机溶剂中混合均匀,通入二氧化碳反应,获得氨基甲酸酯中间体;2)往步骤1)的高压反应釜中继续加卤代烯烃,通入二氧化碳反应,反应结束后分离提纯获得含有端双键的氨基甲酸酯。本发明的含有端双键的氨基甲酸酯属于一种新型的化合物结构,其制备方法简单易行,无毒环保,成本低廉,能够用于制备聚氨酯,且聚氨酯的制备过程安全无毒环保。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种化合物单体及其制备方法和聚合物,特别是一种含有端双键的氨基甲酸酯及其制备方法和聚合物。
背景技术
聚氨酯(PU)是指分子结构中含有氨基甲酸酯基团(-NH-COO-)的聚合物,在塑料、橡胶、纤维、涂料、胶黏剂和功能高分子等领域均有应用价值的一种重要高分子材料。
传统的聚氨酯主要是通过异氰酸酯与多元醇的反应来制备,但是异氰酸酯的制备过程中需要用到剧毒的光气,异氰酸酯本身也具有高毒性和水敏感性,使用时必须格外注意。因此,必须找到一种不使用异氰酸酯,无毒或者低毒的聚氨酯制备方法。
目前已有大量文献报道了非异氰酸酯聚氨酯(NIPU)的制备方法,如:1、环状碳酸法(共聚反应),该方法一般是分两步进行的,第一步是环状碳酸酯的形成,第二步是将合成的环碳酸酯低聚物与胺反应生成NIPU(RSC Adv2013 3(13):4110–4129.);2、氨基甲酸酯化法(缩聚反应),第一种方法是用聚氨基甲酸酯和多元醇之间发生氨基甲酸酯化反应合成NIPU,但是聚氨酯大部分还是用异氰酸酯来做原料的:第二种方法是chen等人以碳酸铯和四丁基碘化铵作为催化剂,通过胺,卤化物、二氧化碳的三组分反应直接合成NIPU(Macromolecules 2017 50(6):2320–2328);3、聚合物开环法,这种方法是通过环状氨基甲酸酯的开环聚合来制备NIPU,环状氨基甲酸酯也需要异氰酸酯来制备;4、重排反应。各种重排反应或者重排方法包括Curtius重排、Hofmann重排(Macromol Rapid Commun 34(19):1569–1574.)等。
聚氨酯材料是一类产品形态多样的多用途合成树脂,它以泡沫塑料,弹性体、涂料、胶黏剂、纤维、合成革、防水材料以及铺装材料等产品形式广泛地用于交通运输、建筑、机械、电子设备、家具、食品加工、纺织服装、合成皮革、印刷、矿冶、石油化工、水利、国防、体育、医疗卫生等领域。根据实际需求,设计结构新颖、性能优异、制备方法简单高效的聚氨酯材料,有利于聚氨酯工业的长久发展。不同于传统聚氨酯在主链上形成氨基甲酸酯官能团,本发明专利创新性提出先对烯烃单体进行氨基甲酸酯功能化修饰,之后再对烯烃进行聚合,制备出氨基甲酸酯官能团在侧基上的结构新颖的聚苯乙烯型聚氨酯。
聚苯乙烯是五大通用塑料之一,具有电绝缘性好、价格低廉、模塑性好、刚度好、易着色、吸湿性低等优点,但其主要缺点是耐溶剂性差、耐热性低、耐化学试剂差。聚苯乙烯是以苯乙烯为原料,在引发剂或催化剂存在下按照自由基机理或离子型机理进行聚合获得,工业上生产的聚苯乙烯主要采用自由基聚合,具体的实施方法包括本体聚合、悬浮聚合、溶液聚合和乳液聚合。功能性聚苯乙烯材料在化学和生物等领域中应用广泛,备受研究者的青睐,目前有两种途径可以制备功能性聚苯乙烯:一种途径是先制备一定分子量及分散度的聚苯乙烯,之后通过化学修饰接枝上功能性基团;另一种途径是先合成功能性苯乙烯单体,之后通过均聚或共聚制备功能性聚苯乙烯。第一种途径需要两步或多步骤过程,制备过程繁琐,并且接枝上去的官能团的位置和数量难以控制;第二种途径制备过程相对简单,是制备功能性聚苯乙烯的常用方法,其关键是功能性苯乙烯单体的结构设计和高效合成,已成为该领域的研究重点。
本发明专利通过强碱存在下胺类化合物与二氧化碳的可逆加成构建氨基甲酸酯单体,之后加入卤代烯烃单体,最后通过均聚或共聚制备具有侧链含有氨基甲酸酯结构的聚苯乙烯聚氨酯,目前未见报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,提供一种利用卤代烯烃、CO2、胺类化合物制备含有端双键的氨基甲酸酯及其制备方法和聚合物。本发明的含有端双键的氨基甲酸酯属于一种新型的化合物结构,其制备方法简单易行,无毒环保,成本低廉,能够用于制备具有侧链含有氨基甲酸酯结构的聚苯乙烯聚氨酯,且聚氨酯的制备过程安全无毒环保。
本发明的技术方案:一种含有端双键的氨基甲酸酯,其结构式如下:
前述的氨基甲酸乙烯基苄酯,所述R1为以下官能团中的一种:
芳香族官能团:
所述R2为以下官能团中的一种:
一种制备前述的含有端双键的氨基甲酸酯的方法,步骤如下:
1)在高压反应釜中,将胺类化合物和强碱催化剂在无溶剂或有机溶剂中混合均匀,通入二氧化碳反应,获得氨基甲酸酯中间体;
2)往步骤1)的高压反应釜中继续加入卤代烯烃,通入二氧化碳反应,反应结束后分离提纯获得含有端双键的氨基甲酸酯。
前述的含有端双键的氨基甲酸酯的制备方法,所述胺类化合物为脂肪族胺类化合物、杂环胺类化合物、脂环胺类化合物或芳香族胺类化合物中的一种。
前述的含有端双键的氨基甲酸酯的制备方法,所述胺类化合物具体为以下化合物中的一种:
芳香族胺类化合物:
前述的含有端双键的氨基甲酸酯的制备方法,所述强碱催化剂为1,1,3,3-四甲基胍、1,8-二氮杂二环十一碳-7-烯、1,5,7-三叠氮双环(4.4.0)癸-5-烯、三乙胺、二乙胺、4-二甲胺基吡啶、吡咯烷、哌啶、吡啶、碳酸铯、碳酸钾、叔丁醇钾、氢氧化钾或氢氧化钠中的一种;强碱催化剂的用量与所述的胺类化合物的摩尔比为:0.1-4:1。
前述的含有端双键的氨基甲酸酯的制备方法,所述有机溶剂为二甲基亚砜、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、乙腈或甲苯中的一种;使用有机溶剂时,胺类化合物在有机溶剂中的浓度控制在:0.5-5mol/L。
前述的含有端双键的氨基甲酸酯的制备方法,所述步骤1)通入二氧化碳后反应釜的压力维持在0.1-6MPa,反应温度在25-100℃,反应时间在0.5-24小时;所述步骤2)中的卤代烯烃包括但不限于以下几种:溴丙烯、6-溴-1-己烯、2-氯甲基苯乙烯、3-氯甲基苯乙烯或4-氯甲基苯乙烯,加入的量与所述的胺类化合物的摩尔比为1-3:1,加入的方式为原位加入或泄压后加入,通入高压反应釜中的二氧化碳的压力维持在0.1-6MPa,反应温度在25-100℃,反应时间在0.5-72小时,反应结束后通过减压蒸馏或硅胶柱层析分离提纯含有端双键的氨基甲酸酯。
一种利用前述的氨基甲酸乙烯基苄酯制备的均聚物,是以所述含有端双键的氨基甲酸酯为单体,进行均聚反应后制得,其结构式如下:
其中n为平均聚合度,1≤n≤1000;R1为以下官能团中的一种:
芳香族官能团:
R2为以下官能团中的一种:
一种利用前述的含有端双键的氨基甲酸酯制备的共聚物,是以所述含有端双键的氨基甲酸酯为单体,与乙烯基单体或二烯烃单体进行共聚反应后制得;其中乙烯基单体包括乙烯、丙烯、氯乙烯、偏二氯乙烯、丙烯醇、丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸己酯、丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯、丙烯腈、苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯、醋酸乙烯酯、甲基乙烯基醚、乙烯基吡咯烷酮、顺丁烯二酸、马来酸酐、衣康酸、降冰片烯和环己烯;二烯烃单体包括丁二烯、氯丁二烯、戊二烯、异戊二烯和环戊二烯。
本发明的有益效果
1、本发明的含有端双键的氨基甲酸酯属于一种新型的化合物,且可以根据不同需求选择不同的胺类化合物和卤代烯烃,从而实现含有端双键的氨基甲酸酯结构的调控,制备出具有不同结构的含有端双键的氨基甲酸酯化合物。
2、本发明的含有端双键的氨基甲酸酯的制备方法简单易行,且制备过程无毒,绿色环保,成本低廉,适宜在工业上推广。
3、本发明的含有端双键的氨基甲酸酯可通过均聚和共聚的方式制备不同的聚氨酯材料,在聚氨酯材料领域具有广泛的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为本发明含有端双键的氨基甲酸酯单体的化学结构式;
图2为实施例1合成的氨基甲酸乙烯基苄酯单体核磁氢谱;
图3为实施例1合成的氨基甲酸乙烯基苄酯单体核磁碳谱;
图4为实施例1合成的氨基甲酸乙烯基苄酯单体红外谱图;
图5为实施例4制备的的氨基甲酸乙烯基苄酯氢谱;
图6为实施例4制备的的氨基甲酸乙烯基苄酯碳谱;
图7为实施例4制备的的氨基甲酸乙烯基苄酯红外谱图;
图8为实施例4制备的的氨基甲酸乙烯基苄酯DSC图;
图9为实施例4制备的的氨基甲酸乙烯基苄酯热重图;
图10为实施例7制备的氨基甲酸乙烯基苄酯与苯乙烯共聚物的核磁氢谱;
图11为实施例7制备的氨基甲酸乙烯基苄酯与苯乙烯共聚物的核磁碳谱图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的说明,但并不作为对本发明限制的依据。
本发明的实施例
实施例1
往50mL高压反应釜中加入N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF,20mL)、苄胺(50mmol)、1,1,3,3-四甲基胍(TMG,50mmol),通入二氧化碳稳定至1MPa,置于30℃油浴锅中反应1小时,从原位加料管中加入4-氯甲基苯乙烯(55mmol),通入二氧化碳稳定至3MPa,置于30℃油浴锅中反应24小时,反应结束后过滤除去盐,加水溶解后用乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,之后用石油醚/乙酸乙酯=10:1为洗脱剂通过硅胶柱层析分离提纯获得目标产物,产率为79%。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.85(t,J=6.1Hz,1H),7.47(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.37–7.16(m,7H),6.73(dd,J=17.7,10.9Hz,1H),5.84(d,J=17.6Hz,1H),5.26(d,J=11.3Hz,1H),5.03(s,2H),4.20(d,J=6.2Hz,2H).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ156.41,139.78,136.86,136.68,136.30,128.32,128.08,127.02,126.83,126.16,114.51,65.14,43.83.
在相同条件下比较了不同有机溶剂对反应的影响,如表1所示,结果表明,使用溶剂有利于产物产率的提高,在低极性溶剂中目标产物的产率比较低(表1,编号5、6),在极性非质子溶剂中能获得比较理想的产率,其中以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺为反应溶剂的效果最好(表1,编号1);以DMF为溶剂,在相同条件下比较了不同催化剂的效果,结果表明有机碱的催化效果优于无机碱(表1,编号1、8-12),其中1,1,3,3-四甲基胍的催化效果最好;在相同的反应条件下考察了CO2压力对反应的影响(表1,编号1、13-17),结果表明随着二氧化碳压力的提高,目标产物的产率呈增加趋势,当达到3MPa时产率达到最大值,进一步升高压力产率略有下降;在相同反应条件下,目标产物的产率随着反应时间的延长也出现增加的趋势(表1,编号1、18-20),反应48小时之后产率并没有增加。
表1:不同反应条件对合成氨基甲酸乙烯基苄酯的影响
实施例2
往50mL高压反应釜中加入N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF,20mL)、糠胺(50mmol)、1,1,3,3-四甲基胍(TMG,50mmol),通入二氧化碳稳定至1MPa,置于50℃油浴锅中反应5小时;停止反应后释放二氧化碳,打开反应釜,加入4-氯甲基苯乙烯(55mmol),通入二氧化碳稳定至3MPa,置于35℃油浴锅中反应24小时,反应结束后过滤除去盐,加水溶解后用乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,之后用石油醚/乙酸乙酯=10:1为洗脱剂通过硅胶柱层析分离提纯获得目标产物,产率为65%,1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.75(t,J=5.8Hz,1H),7.53(s,1H),7.43(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.28(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),6.69(dd,J=17.7,10.9Hz,1H),6.34(s,1H),6.17(d,J=2.9Hz,1H),5.80(d,J=17.2Hz,1H),5.22(d,J=11.0Hz,1H),4.98(s,2H),4.15(s,2H).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ152.56,142.11,136.70,136.29,128.10,126.15,114.51,110.45,106.68,39.52,37.30.
实施例3
往50mL高压反应釜中加入N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF,20mL)、正己胺(50mmol)、1,1,3,3-四甲基胍(TMG,50mmol),通入二氧化碳稳定至1MPa,置于30℃油浴锅中反应5小时;从原位加料管中加入4-氯甲基苯乙烯(55mmol),通入二氧化碳稳定至3MPa,置于40℃油浴锅中反应48小时,反应结束后过滤除去盐,加水溶解后用乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,之后用石油醚/乙酸乙酯=10:1为洗脱剂通过硅胶柱层析分离提纯获得目标产物,产率为60%,1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.45–7.28(m,4H),6.71(dd,J=17.6,10.9Hz,1H),5.75(d,J=17.4Hz,1H),5.25(d,J=11.1Hz,1H),5.07(s,2H),4.73(s,1H),3.18(q,J=6.8Hz,2H),1.49(s,2H),1.28(s,6H),0.88(s,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,Chloroform-d)δ157.02,133.93,127.69,66.38,41.31,31.66,30.04,26.64,22.72,14.18.
实施例4
往希莱克瓶中加入单体(10mmol),用2mL四氢呋喃溶解,通氮气置换三次后加入偶氮二异丁腈(2.5mol%),置于70℃油浴锅中氮气保护下反应6小时,反应结束后倒入冷甲醇中析出沉淀,用甲醇洗涤三次,真空干燥,产率91%,1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.71(s,1H),7.21(s,9H),4.94(s,2H),4.17(s,2H),1.76(s,1H),1.35(s,2H).13C NMR(101MHz,Chloroform-d)δ157.08,144.63,138.92,128.65,127.81,127.78,127.58,127.40,66.66,45.06,40.14.数均分子量为:45000,分散性指数:1.3,玻璃化转变温度:51.8℃,起始分解温度为:288.7℃。
实施例5
往希莱克瓶中加入单体(10mmol),用3mL四氢呋喃溶解,通氮气置换三次后加入偶氮二异丁腈(2mol%),置于70℃油浴锅中氮气保护下反应6小时,反应结束后倒入15mL冷甲醇中析出沉淀,用甲醇洗涤三次(20mL×3),真空干燥,产率99%,1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.67(s,1H),7.49(s,1H),7.02(s,4H),6.31(s,1H),6.17(s,1H),4.96(s,2H),4.17(s,2H),1.61(s,1H),1.23(s,2H)数均分子量为:12000,分散性指数(PDI):1.2,玻璃化转变温度:46.61℃,起始分解温度为:287.4℃。
实施例6
往希莱克瓶中加入单体(10mmol),用2mL四氢呋喃溶解,通氮气置换三次后加入偶氮二异丁腈(2mol%),置于70℃油浴锅中氮气保护下反应6小时,反应结束后倒入12mL冷甲醇中析出沉淀,用甲醇洗涤三次(12mL×3),真空干燥,产率98%,1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ6.65(d,J=215.6Hz,4H),5.70(s,1H),4.97(s,2H),3.17(s,2H),1.67(s,1H),1.50(s,2H),1.29(s,8H),0.88(s,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,Chloroform-d)δ157.02,133.93,127.69,66.38,41.31,31.66,30.04,26.64,22.72,14.18。Mw=65000(PDI=1.1)。
实施例7
往希莱克瓶中加入单体(10mmol),,苯乙烯(10mmol)用10mL四氢呋喃溶解,通氮气置换三次后加入偶氮二异丁腈(2mol%),置于70℃油浴锅中氮气保护下反应24小时,反应结束后倒入50mL异丙醇中析出沉淀,用异丙醇洗涤三次(20mL×3),真空干燥,产率79%,1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.68(s,1H),7.26–6.32(m,16H),4.93(s,2H),4.17(s,2H),1.58(d,J=125.3Hz,6H).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ157.01,140.30,128.02(dd,J=121.9,25.9Hz),65.77,44.45,26.03.Mw=35000(PDI=1.3)
表2氨基甲酸乙烯基苄酯均聚物热性能
以上所述,仅为本发明创造较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明创造的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明创造揭露的技术范围内,根据本发明创造的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明创造的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
3.一种制备权利要求1所述的含有端双键的氨基甲酸酯的方法,其特征在于,步骤如下:
1)在高压反应釜中,将胺类化合物和强碱催化剂在无溶剂或有机溶剂中混合均匀,通入二氧化碳反应,获得氨基甲酸酯中间体;
2)往步骤1)的高压反应釜中继续加入卤代烯烃,通入二氧化碳反应,反应结束后分离提纯获得含有端双键的氨基甲酸酯。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备含有端双键的氨基甲酸酯的方法,其特征在于:所述胺类化合物为脂肪族胺类化合物、杂环胺类化合物、脂环胺类化合物或芳香族胺类化合物中的一种。
6.根据权利要求3所述的制备含有端双键的氨基甲酸酯的方法,其特征在于:所述强碱催化剂为1,1,3,3-四甲基胍、1,8-二氮杂二环十一碳-7-烯、1,5,7-三叠氮双环(4.4.0)癸-5-烯、三乙胺、二乙胺、4-二甲胺基吡啶、吡咯烷、哌啶、吡啶、碳酸铯、碳酸钾、叔丁醇钾、氢氧化钾或氢氧化钠中的一种;强碱催化剂的用量与所述的胺类化合物的摩尔比为:0.1-4:1。
7.根据权利要求3所述的制备氨基甲酸乙烯基苄酯的方法,其特征在于:所述有机溶剂为二甲基亚砜、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、乙腈或甲苯中的一种;使用有机溶剂时,胺类化合物在有机溶剂中的浓度控制在:0.5-5mol/L。
8.根据权利要求3所述的制备氨基甲酸乙烯基苄酯的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤1)通入二氧化碳后反应釜的压力维持在0.1-6MPa,反应温度在25-100℃,反应时间在0.5-24小时;所述步骤2)中的卤代烯烃包括但不限于以下几种:溴丙烯,6-溴-1己烯,2-氯甲基苯乙烯、3-氯甲基苯乙烯或4-氯甲基苯乙烯,加入的量与所述的胺类化合物的摩尔比为1-3:1,加入的方式为原位加入或泄压后加入,通入高压反应釜中的二氧化碳的压力维持在0.1-6MPa,反应温度在25-100℃,反应时间在0.5-72小时,反应结束后通过减压蒸馏或硅胶柱层析分离提纯含有端双键的氨基甲酸酯。
10.一种利用权利要求1所述的含有端双键的氨基甲酸酯制备的共聚物,其特征在于:是以所述含有端双键的氨基甲酸酯为单体,与乙烯基单体或二烯烃单体进行共聚反应后制得;其中乙烯基单体包括乙烯、丙烯、氯乙烯、偏二氯乙烯、丙烯醇、丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸己酯、丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯、丙烯腈、苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯、醋酸乙烯酯、甲基乙烯基醚、乙烯基吡咯烷酮、顺丁烯二酸、马来酸酐、衣康酸、降冰片烯和环己烯;二烯烃单体包括丁二烯、氯丁二烯、戊二烯、异戊二烯和环戊二烯。
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