CN112939683A - Zinc-rich organic fertilizer for fruit tree planting and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Zinc-rich organic fertilizer for fruit tree planting and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112939683A CN112939683A CN202110208311.7A CN202110208311A CN112939683A CN 112939683 A CN112939683 A CN 112939683A CN 202110208311 A CN202110208311 A CN 202110208311A CN 112939683 A CN112939683 A CN 112939683A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
- C05D1/02—Manufacture from potassium chloride or sulfate or double or mixed salts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
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Abstract
The invention discloses the technical field of fruit tree planting, and provides a zinc-rich organic fertilizer for fruit tree planting and a preparation method thereof, wherein the zinc-rich organic fertilizer for fruit tree planting comprises an organic fertilizer wrapped by a coating; the envelope comprises an outer membrane and an inner membrane. According to the invention, the coated outer membrane and inner membrane are used for wrapping the organic fertilizer, and the slow release effect of the organic fertilizer is realized through the slow decomposition of the outer membrane and the inner membrane, so that the problem of low utilization rate of the organic fertilizer after fertilization is solved; the modified polyethylene has good miscibility and low volatility as a film forming agent, and can promote the outer film to form an excellent continuous coating film; zinc humate and zinc carbonate are added into the outer membrane component, so that the zinc content of the fertilizer is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree planting, in particular to a zinc-rich organic fertilizer for fruit tree planting and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Grape vines are one of common fruit trees, chemical fertilizers are required to be applied in the planting process of grapes, however, the evolution process of soil is artificially changed by using the chemical fertilizers, so that natural weathered minerals cannot meet the requirement of rapid growth of the grapes in the existing agricultural production process, nutrients are deficient, and artificial auxiliary addition is required.
When the existing organic fertilizer for grape tree planting is used, the components in the organic fertilizer are released too fast due to direct contact with soil, and the seedling burning or the fertilizing effect is weak.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art, and provides a zinc-rich organic fertilizer for fruit tree planting and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an organic fertilizer rich in zinc for planting fruit trees comprises an organic fertilizer coated by a coating;
the envelope comprises an outer membrane and an inner membrane;
the outer membrane comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60-70 parts of solvent, 10-40 parts of modified film-forming agent, 1-6 parts of starch, 1-2 parts of zinc carbonate, 3-5 parts of zinc humate, 0.5-1 part of hydroxypropyl cellulose, 1-2 parts of glycerol and 0.2-1 part of animal fat;
the inner membrane comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60-70 parts of polyacrylate emulsion, 0.15-0.3 part of nano silicon dioxide, 0.1-0.3 part of carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.5-1 part of wood chips;
the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-80 parts of animal waste, 20-35 parts of cassava residue, 2-5 parts of EM microbial inoculum, 20-40 parts of peanut meal, 10-20 parts of rapeseed cake, 1-3 parts of ferrous sulfate, 0.5-1 part of manganese sulfate, 25-35 parts of potassium sulfate and 4-8 parts of modified humic acid;
the weight ratio of the inner membrane to the outer membrane to the organic fertilizer is (1-3): (2-5): (10-20).
The solvent is one or more of ethyl acetate, butyl acetate and water.
The preparation method of the modified film forming agent comprises the following steps: according to the following weight ratio (20-30): (10-25): (2-10): (12-25): (10-25): (20-50), weighing in sequence: polyethylene, bentonite, glycerol, wood fiber, modified starch and ethanol water solution; irradiating polyethylene with ultraviolet rays for 0.5-1 h; pouring bentonite, glycerol, wood fiber, modified starch and irradiated polyethylene into an ethanol water solution; stirring at 60-76 deg.C and pH of 8.5-10 to obtain paste; adding the pasty mixture into a high-pressure reaction kettle, reacting for 0.5-1h under the condition of 2.7-4.3MPa, and obtaining the modified film-forming agent after the reaction is finished.
The concentration of the ethanol water solution is 10-35%, and the ultraviolet wavelength is 320-400 nm.
The preparation method of the modified humic acid comprises the following steps: according to the following weight ratio (5-10): (20-40): (1-3): (2-5), sequentially weighing soil humic acid, a sodium hydroxide solution, a sulfonating agent and urea; fully mixing soil humic acid with a sulfonating agent for 0.5-1h to obtain sulfonated graft modified humic acid; mixing the sulfonated graft modified humic acid and urea for 0.5-1h to obtain urea graft modified humic acid; pouring the urea grafted modified humic acid into a sodium hydroxide solution, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 0.3-0.6h at the temperature of 50-60 ℃, and filtering, drying and grinding to obtain the modified humic acid.
The sulfonating agent is sulfamic acid; the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 10-30%.
A preparation method of an organic fertilizer rich in zinc for fruit tree planting comprises the following steps:
step 1: weighing the components of the outer membrane, the inner membrane and the organic fertilizer according to the parts by weight;
step 2: preparing an outer membrane, pouring the modified film-forming agent, starch, zinc carbonate, zinc humate and hydroxypropyl cellulose into a solvent, fully mixing, heating in a water bath to 40-50 ℃, adding glycerol and animal fat, and stirring for 0.5-1h to obtain the outer membrane;
and step 3: preparing an inner membrane, namely fully mixing polyacrylate emulsion, nano silicon dioxide, carboxymethyl cellulose and wood dust, and performing ultrasonic dispersion treatment for 0.5-1h to obtain the inner membrane;
and 4, step 4: preparing a biological fertilizer, namely paving cassava residues, peanut meal and rapeseed cakes as a first layer at the bottom of a pile pit; mixing animal waste with EM microbial inoculum, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, potassium sulfate and modified humic acid to serve as a second layer and paving the second layer on the top of the first layer; covering with plastic film, stacking and fermenting, and maintaining for 2-3 days when the temperature is raised to 50-60 ℃; turning over, raising the temperature to 50-60 deg.c, and maintaining for 2-3 days; in the period, the film is uncovered and ventilated once every two times every day at intervals of 12 hours, and the ventilation time is 5 to 8 minutes each time; obtaining the biological fertilizer after the fermentation is finished;
and 5: preparing a finished product, drying and crushing the biological fertilizer, then placing the biological fertilizer into a granulator for granulation, then cooling the granular biological fertilizer to 40-45 ℃, spraying an inner film on the surface of the granular biological fertilizer, uniformly shaking, cooling to room temperature to obtain the biological fertilizer wrapped by the inner film, heating the biological fertilizer wrapped by the inner film to 35-40 ℃, spraying an outer film on the biological fertilizer, uniformly shaking, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the organic fertilizer wrapped by the coating.
The ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic dispersion treatment in the step 3 is 25KHZ-130 KHZ.
The coated outer film and inner film are used for wrapping the organic fertilizer, the slow release effect of the organic fertilizer is realized through slow decomposition of the outer film and the inner film, and the problem of low utilization rate of the organic fertilizer after fertilization is solved.
The film forming agent used in the outer film component is polyethylene modified by bentonite, wood fiber and modified starch after being irradiated by ultraviolet rays; the polyethylene irradiated by ultraviolet rays is crosslinked, the crosslinked polyethylene is a pseudoplastic fluid, the apparent viscosity is reduced along with the increase of the shearing rate, the melt strength of the polyethylene is greatly improved due to the existence of a crosslinking structure, the processability of the polyethylene is greatly improved, and the modification effect of bentonite, wood fiber and modified starch on the polyethylene is better; the modified polyethylene has good miscibility and low volatility as a film forming agent, and can promote the outer film to form an excellent continuous coating film; zinc humate and zinc carbonate are added into the outer membrane component, so that the zinc content of the fertilizer is improved.
The organic fertilizer is prepared by adding modified humic acid into raw materials, wherein the modified humic acid is obtained by mixing and modifying soil humic acid with a sulfonating agent and urea in sequence, the soil humic acid is firstly mixed with the sulfonating agent to obtain sulfonated graft modified humic acid, and then the sulfonated graft modified humic acid is mixed with urea to obtain urea graft modified humic acid, namely, the humic acid is subjected to graft modification twice, so that the physiological activity of the humic acid is improved, nutrient elements are more favorably conveyed to crops, the soil structure is effectively improved, and the growth of the crops is facilitated.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.
Grape vines are one of common fruit trees, chemical fertilizers are required to be applied in the planting process of grapes, however, the evolution process of soil is artificially changed by using the chemical fertilizers, so that natural weathered minerals cannot meet the requirement of rapid growth of the grapes in the existing agricultural production process, nutrients are deficient, and artificial auxiliary addition is required. When the existing organic fertilizer for grape tree planting is used, the components in the organic fertilizer are released too fast due to direct contact with soil, and the seedling burning or the fertilizing effect is weak. In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides an organic fertilizer rich in zinc for fruit tree planting, which comprises an organic fertilizer coated by a coating; the envelope comprises an outer membrane and an inner membrane; the outer membrane comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60-70 parts of solvent, 10-40 parts of modified film-forming agent, 1-6 parts of starch, 1-2 parts of zinc carbonate, 3-5 parts of zinc humate, 0.5-1 part of hydroxypropyl cellulose, 1-2 parts of glycerol and 0.2-1 part of animal fat; the inner membrane comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60-70 parts of polyacrylate emulsion, 0.15-0.3 part of nano silicon dioxide, 0.1-0.3 part of carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.5-1 part of wood chips; the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-80 parts of animal waste, 20-35 parts of cassava residue, 2-5 parts of EM microbial inoculum, 20-40 parts of peanut meal, 10-20 parts of rapeseed cake, 1-3 parts of ferrous sulfate, 0.5-1 part of manganese sulfate, 25-35 parts of potassium sulfate and 4-8 parts of modified humic acid; the weight ratio of the inner membrane to the outer membrane to the organic fertilizer is (1-3): (2-5): (10-20).
In the embodiment of the invention, the zinc-rich organic fertilizer for fruit tree planting comprises an organic fertilizer coated by a coating; the envelope comprises an outer membrane and an inner membrane; the outer membrane comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60-70 parts of solvent, 10-40 parts of modified film-forming agent, 1-6 parts of starch, 1-2 parts of zinc carbonate, 3-5 parts of zinc humate, 0.5-1 part of hydroxypropyl cellulose, 1-2 parts of glycerol and 0.2-1 part of animal fat; the inner membrane comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60-70 parts of polyacrylate emulsion, 0.15-0.3 part of nano silicon dioxide, 0.1-0.3 part of carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.5-1 part of wood chips; the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-80 parts of animal waste, 20-35 parts of cassava residue, 2-5 parts of EM microbial inoculum, 20-40 parts of peanut meal, 10-20 parts of rapeseed cake, 1-3 parts of ferrous sulfate, 0.5-1 part of manganese sulfate, 25-35 parts of potassium sulfate and 4-8 parts of modified humic acid; the weight ratio of the inner membrane to the outer membrane to the organic fertilizer is (1-3): (2-5): (10-20).
According to the invention, the organic fertilizer is wrapped by utilizing the outer film and the inner film of the coating, the slow release effect of the organic fertilizer is realized through the slow decomposition of the outer film and the inner film, and the problem of low utilization rate of the organic fertilizer after fertilization is solved.
In the invention, the film forming agent used in the outer film component is polyethylene modified by bentonite, wood fiber and modified starch after being irradiated by ultraviolet rays; the polyethylene irradiated by ultraviolet rays is crosslinked, the crosslinked polyethylene is a pseudoplastic fluid, the apparent viscosity is reduced along with the increase of the shearing rate, the melt strength of the polyethylene is greatly improved due to the existence of a crosslinking structure, the processability of the polyethylene is greatly improved, and the modification effect of bentonite, wood fiber and modified starch on the polyethylene is better; the modified polyethylene has good miscibility as a film forming agent and low volatility, and can promote the outer film to form an excellent continuous coating film.
In the invention, zinc humate and zinc carbonate are added into the outer membrane component, so that the zinc content of the fertilizer is improved.
According to the invention, modified humic acid is added into the organic fertilizer as a preparation raw material, wherein the modified humic acid is obtained by mixing and modifying soil humic acid with a sulfonating agent and urea in sequence, the soil humic acid is firstly mixed with the sulfonating agent to obtain sulfonated graft modified humic acid, and then the sulfonated graft modified humic acid is mixed with urea to obtain urea graft modified humic acid, namely, the humic acid is subjected to graft modification twice, so that the physiological activity of the humic acid is improved, the nutrient elements are more favorably conveyed to crops, the soil structure is effectively improved, and the growth of the crops is favorably realized.
The technical effects of the organic fertilizer for fruit tree planting rich in zinc and the preparation method thereof of the present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples, but the specific implementation methods mentioned in the examples are only illustrative and explanatory of the technical scheme of the present invention, and do not limit the implementation scope of the present invention, and all the improvements and substitutions based on the above principles should be within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
According to the following weight ratio of 20: 10: 2: 12: 10: 20, weighing in sequence: polyethylene, bentonite, glycerol, wood fiber, modified starch and ethanol water solution; irradiating polyethylene with ultraviolet rays with the wavelength of 320 nanometers for 0.5 h; pouring bentonite, glycerol, wood fiber, modified starch and irradiated polyethylene into 10% ethanol water solution; stirring at 60 deg.C and pH of 8.5 to obtain paste; adding the pasty mixture into a high-pressure reaction kettle, reacting for 0.5h under the condition of 2.7MPa, and obtaining the modified film-forming agent after the reaction is finished;
according to the following weight ratio of 5: 20: 1: 2, sequentially weighing soil humic acid, 10% sodium hydroxide solution, sulfamic acid and urea; fully mixing soil humic acid with sulfamic acid for 0.5h to obtain sulfonated graft modified humic acid; mixing the sulfonated graft modified humic acid with urea for 0.5h to obtain urea graft modified humic acid; pouring urea grafted modified humic acid into a sodium hydroxide solution, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 0.3h in an environment of 50 ℃, and filtering, drying and grinding to obtain modified humic acid;
the outer membrane comprises the following components in parts by mass: 60 parts of ethyl acetate, 10 parts of modified film-forming agent, 1 part of starch, 1 part of zinc carbonate, 3 parts of zinc humate, 0.5 part of hydroxypropyl cellulose, 1 part of glycerol and 0.2 part of animal fat;
the inner membrane comprises the following components in parts by mass: 60 parts of polyacrylate emulsion, 0.15 part of nano silicon dioxide, 0.1 part of carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.5 part of sawdust;
the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of animal waste, 20 parts of cassava residue, 2 parts of EM microbial inoculum, 20 parts of peanut meal, 10 parts of rapeseed cake, 1 part of ferrous sulfate, 0.5 part of manganese sulfate, 25 parts of potassium sulfate and 4 parts of modified humic acid;
the weight ratio of the inner film to the outer film to the organic fertilizer is 1: 2: 10;
preparing an outer membrane, pouring the modified film-forming agent, starch, zinc carbonate, zinc humate and hydroxypropyl cellulose into ethyl acetate, fully mixing, heating in a water bath to 40 ℃, adding glycerol and animal fat, and stirring for 0.5h to obtain the outer membrane; preparing an inner membrane, namely fully mixing polyacrylate emulsion, nano silicon dioxide, carboxymethyl cellulose and wood dust, and performing ultrasonic dispersion treatment for 0.5h at an ultrasonic frequency of 25KHZ to obtain the inner membrane; preparing a biological fertilizer, namely paving cassava residues, peanut meal and rapeseed cakes as a first layer at the bottom of a pile pit; mixing animal waste with EM microbial inoculum, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, potassium sulfate and modified humic acid to serve as a second layer and paving the second layer on the top of the first layer; covering with plastic film, stacking, fermenting, and maintaining for 2 days when the temperature is raised to 50 deg.C; turning over, waiting for 50 deg.C, and maintaining for 2 days; in the period, the film is uncovered and ventilated for 5 minutes every two times every day at intervals of 12 hours; obtaining the biological fertilizer after the fermentation is finished; preparing a finished product, drying and crushing the biological fertilizer, then placing the dried and crushed biological fertilizer into a granulator for granulation, then cooling the granular biological fertilizer to 40 ℃, spraying an inner film on the surface of the granular biological fertilizer, uniformly shaking, cooling to room temperature to obtain the biological fertilizer wrapped by the inner film, heating the biological fertilizer wrapped by the inner film to 35 ℃, spraying an outer film on the biological fertilizer, uniformly shaking, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the organic fertilizer wrapped by the coating.
Example 2
According to the following weight ratio of 20: 10: 2: 12: 10: 20, weighing in sequence: polyethylene, bentonite, glycerol, wood fiber, modified starch and ethanol water solution; irradiating polyethylene with ultraviolet rays with the wavelength of 320 nanometers for 0.5 h; pouring bentonite, glycerol, wood fiber, modified starch and irradiated polyethylene into 10% ethanol water solution; stirring at 60 deg.C and pH of 8.5 to obtain paste; adding the pasty mixture into a high-pressure reaction kettle, reacting for 0.5h under the condition of 2.7MPa, and obtaining the modified film-forming agent after the reaction is finished;
according to the following weight ratio of 5: 20: 1: 2, sequentially weighing soil humic acid, 10% sodium hydroxide solution, sulfamic acid and urea; fully mixing soil humic acid with sulfamic acid for 0.5h to obtain sulfonated graft modified humic acid; mixing the sulfonated graft modified humic acid with urea for 0.5h to obtain urea graft modified humic acid; pouring urea grafted modified humic acid into a sodium hydroxide solution, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 0.3h in an environment of 50 ℃, and filtering, drying and grinding to obtain modified humic acid;
weighing ethyl acetate and butyl acetate according to the weight ratio of 1: 1 to obtain a solvent
The outer membrane comprises the following components in parts by mass: 62 parts of solvent, 12 parts of modified film-forming agent, 2 parts of starch, 1.2 parts of zinc carbonate, 3.2 parts of zinc humate, 0.6 part of hydroxypropyl cellulose, 1.2 parts of glycerol and 0.3 part of animal fat;
the inner membrane comprises the following components in parts by mass: 62 parts of polyacrylate emulsion, 0.15 part of nano silicon dioxide, 0.12 part of carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.6 part of sawdust;
the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 52 parts of animal waste, 22 parts of cassava residue, 2.5 parts of EM microbial inoculum, 25 parts of peanut meal, 12 parts of rapeseed cake, 1.5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 0.6 part of manganese sulfate, 26 parts of potassium sulfate and 4.5 parts of modified humic acid;
the weight ratio of the inner film to the outer film to the organic fertilizer is 1.2: 2.5: 12;
preparing an outer membrane, pouring the modified film-forming agent, starch, zinc carbonate, zinc humate and hydroxypropyl cellulose into a solvent, fully mixing, heating in a water bath to 40 ℃, adding glycerol and animal fat, and stirring for 0.5h to obtain the outer membrane; preparing an inner membrane, namely fully mixing polyacrylate emulsion, nano silicon dioxide, carboxymethyl cellulose and wood dust, and performing ultrasonic dispersion treatment for 0.5h at an ultrasonic frequency of 25KHZ to obtain the inner membrane; preparing a biological fertilizer, namely paving cassava residues, peanut meal and rapeseed cakes as a first layer at the bottom of a pile pit; mixing animal waste with EM microbial inoculum, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, potassium sulfate and modified humic acid to serve as a second layer and paving the second layer on the top of the first layer; covering with plastic film, stacking, fermenting, and maintaining for 2 days when the temperature is raised to 50 deg.C; turning over, waiting for 50 deg.C, and maintaining for 2 days; in the period, the film is uncovered and ventilated for 5 minutes every two times every day at intervals of 12 hours; obtaining the biological fertilizer after the fermentation is finished; preparing a finished product, drying and crushing the biological fertilizer, then placing the dried and crushed biological fertilizer into a granulator for granulation, then cooling the granular biological fertilizer to 40 ℃, spraying an inner film on the surface of the granular biological fertilizer, uniformly shaking, cooling to room temperature to obtain the biological fertilizer wrapped by the inner film, heating the biological fertilizer wrapped by the inner film to 35 ℃, spraying an outer film on the biological fertilizer, uniformly shaking, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the organic fertilizer wrapped by the coating.
Example 3
According to the following weight ratio of 25: 17: 6: 18: 17: 35, weighing in sequence: polyethylene, bentonite, glycerol, wood fiber, modified starch and ethanol water solution; irradiating the polyethylene for 0.75h by using ultraviolet rays with the wavelength of 360 nanometers; pouring bentonite, glycerol, wood fiber, modified starch and irradiated polyethylene into an ethanol water solution with the concentration of 17%; stirring at 68 deg.C and pH of 9.2 to obtain paste; adding the pasty mixture into a high-pressure reaction kettle, reacting for 0.75h under the condition of 3.5MPa, and obtaining a modified film-forming agent after the reaction is finished;
7.5 according to the following weight ratio: 30: 2: 3.5, sequentially weighing soil humic acid, a sodium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 20%, sulfamic acid and urea; fully mixing soil humic acid with sulfamic acid for 0.75h to obtain sulfonated graft modified humic acid; mixing the sulfonated graft modified humic acid with urea for 0.75h to obtain urea graft modified humic acid; pouring urea grafted modified humic acid into a sodium hydroxide solution, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 0.45h at the temperature of 55 ℃, filtering, drying and grinding to obtain modified humic acid;
the outer membrane comprises the following components in parts by mass: 65 parts of solvent, 25 parts of modified film-forming agent, 3.5 parts of starch, 1.5 parts of zinc carbonate, 4 parts of zinc humate, 0.75 part of hydroxypropyl cellulose, 1.5 parts of glycerol and 0.6 part of animal fat;
the inner membrane comprises the following components in parts by mass: 65 parts of polyacrylate emulsion, 0.25 part of nano silicon dioxide, 0.2 part of carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.75 part of sawdust;
the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 65 parts of animal wastes, 27 parts of cassava residues, 3.5 parts of EM microbial inoculum, 30 parts of peanut meal, 15 parts of rapeseed cakes, 2 parts of ferrous sulfate, 0.75 part of manganese sulfate, 30 parts of potassium sulfate and 6 parts of modified humic acid;
the weight ratio of the inner film to the outer film to the organic fertilizer is 2: 3.5: 15;
preparing an outer membrane, pouring the modified film-forming agent, starch, zinc carbonate, zinc humate and hydroxypropyl cellulose into a solvent, fully mixing, heating in a water bath to 45 ℃, adding glycerol and animal fat, and stirring for 0.75h to obtain the outer membrane; preparing an inner membrane, namely fully mixing polyacrylate emulsion, nano silicon dioxide, carboxymethyl cellulose and wood dust, and performing ultrasonic dispersion treatment for 0.75h at the ultrasonic frequency of 55KHZ to obtain the inner membrane; preparing a biological fertilizer, namely paving cassava residues, peanut meal and rapeseed cakes as a first layer at the bottom of a pile pit; mixing animal waste with EM microbial inoculum, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, potassium sulfate and modified humic acid to serve as a second layer and paving the second layer on the top of the first layer; covering with plastic film, stacking, fermenting, and maintaining for 2.5 days when the temperature is raised to 55 deg.C; turning over, and keeping for 2.5 days when the temperature is raised to 55 ℃; during the period, the film is uncovered and ventilated once every two times every day at intervals of 12 hours, and the ventilation time is 6.5 minutes; obtaining the biological fertilizer after the fermentation is finished; preparing a finished product, drying and crushing the biological fertilizer, then placing the dried and crushed biological fertilizer into a granulator for granulation, then cooling the granular biological fertilizer to 42 ℃, spraying the inner film on the surface of the granular biological fertilizer, uniformly shaking, cooling to room temperature to obtain the biological fertilizer wrapped by the inner film, heating the biological fertilizer wrapped by the inner film to 37 ℃, spraying the outer film on the biological fertilizer, uniformly shaking, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the organic fertilizer wrapped by the coating.
Example 4
30 percent by weight as follows: 25: 10: 25: 25: 50, weighing in sequence: polyethylene, bentonite, glycerol, wood fiber, modified starch and ethanol water solution; irradiating the polyethylene for 1h by using ultraviolet rays with the wavelength of 400 nanometers; pouring bentonite, glycerol, wood fiber, modified starch and irradiated polyethylene into an ethanol water solution with the concentration of 35%; stirring at 76 deg.C and pH of 10 to obtain paste; adding the pasty mixture into a high-pressure reaction kettle, reacting for 1h under the condition of 4.3MPa, and obtaining the modified film-forming agent after the reaction is finished;
according to the following weight ratio of 10: 40: 3: 5, sequentially weighing soil humic acid, 30% sodium hydroxide solution, sulfamic acid and urea; fully mixing soil humic acid with sulfamic acid for 1h to obtain sulfonated graft modified humic acid; mixing the sulfonated graft modified humic acid and urea for 1h to obtain urea graft modified humic acid; pouring urea grafted modified humic acid into a sodium hydroxide solution, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 0.6h in an environment of 60 ℃, filtering, drying and grinding to obtain modified humic acid;
the outer membrane comprises the following components in parts by mass: 68 parts of solvent, 38 parts of modified film-forming agent, 5 parts of starch, 1.8 parts of zinc carbonate, 4.8 parts of zinc humate, 0.8 part of hydroxypropyl cellulose, 1.8 parts of glycerol and 0.9 part of animal fat;
the inner membrane comprises the following components in parts by mass: 68 parts of polyacrylate emulsion, 0.28 part of nano silicon dioxide, 0.28 part of carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.9 part of sawdust;
the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 78 parts of animal waste, 32 parts of cassava residue, 4.5 parts of EM microbial inoculum, 35 parts of peanut meal, 18 parts of rapeseed cake, 2.5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 0.8 part of manganese sulfate, 32 parts of potassium sulfate and 7.5 parts of modified humic acid;
the weight ratio of the inner film to the outer film to the organic fertilizer is 2.8: 4.5: 18;
preparing an outer membrane, pouring the modified film-forming agent, starch, zinc carbonate, zinc humate and hydroxypropyl cellulose into a solvent, fully mixing, heating in a water bath to 50 ℃, adding glycerol and animal fat, and stirring for 1h to obtain the outer membrane; preparing an inner membrane, namely fully mixing polyacrylate emulsion, nano silicon dioxide, carboxymethyl cellulose and wood dust, and performing ultrasonic dispersion treatment for 1h at the ultrasonic frequency of 130KHZ to obtain the inner membrane; preparing a biological fertilizer, namely paving cassava residues, peanut meal and rapeseed cakes as a first layer at the bottom of a pile pit; mixing animal waste with EM microbial inoculum, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, potassium sulfate and modified humic acid to serve as a second layer and paving the second layer on the top of the first layer; covering with plastic film, stacking, fermenting, and maintaining for 3 days when the temperature is raised to 60 deg.C; turning over, and keeping for 3 days when the temperature is raised to 60 ℃; in the period, the film is uncovered and ventilated for one time at an interval of 12 hours twice a day, and the ventilation time is 8 minutes each time; obtaining the biological fertilizer after the fermentation is finished; preparing a finished product, drying and crushing the biological fertilizer, then placing the dried and crushed biological fertilizer into a granulator for granulation, then cooling the granular biological fertilizer to 45 ℃, spraying an inner film on the surface of the granular biological fertilizer, uniformly shaking, cooling to room temperature to obtain the biological fertilizer wrapped by the inner film, heating the biological fertilizer wrapped by the inner film to 40 ℃, spraying an outer film on the biological fertilizer, uniformly shaking, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the organic fertilizer wrapped by the coating.
Example 5
30 percent by weight as follows: 25: 10: 25: 25: 50, weighing in sequence: polyethylene, bentonite, glycerol, wood fiber, modified starch and ethanol water solution; irradiating the polyethylene for 1h by using ultraviolet rays with the wavelength of 400 nanometers; pouring bentonite, glycerol, wood fiber, modified starch and irradiated polyethylene into an ethanol water solution with the concentration of 35%; stirring at 76 deg.C and pH of 10 to obtain paste; adding the pasty mixture into a high-pressure reaction kettle, reacting for 1h under the condition of 4.3MPa, and obtaining the modified film-forming agent after the reaction is finished;
according to the following weight ratio of 10: 40: 3: 5, sequentially weighing soil humic acid, 30% sodium hydroxide solution, sulfamic acid and urea; fully mixing soil humic acid with sulfamic acid for 1h to obtain sulfonated graft modified humic acid; mixing the sulfonated graft modified humic acid and urea for 1h to obtain urea graft modified humic acid; pouring urea grafted modified humic acid into a sodium hydroxide solution, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 0.6h in an environment of 60 ℃, filtering, drying and grinding to obtain modified humic acid;
the outer membrane comprises the following components in parts by mass: 70 parts of solvent, 40 parts of modified film-forming agent, 6 parts of starch, 2 parts of zinc carbonate, 5 parts of zinc humate, 1 part of hydroxypropyl cellulose, 2 parts of glycerol and 1 part of animal fat;
the inner membrane comprises the following components in parts by mass: 70 parts of polyacrylate emulsion, 0.3 part of nano silicon dioxide, 0.3 part of carboxymethyl cellulose and 1 part of sawdust;
the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80 parts of animal waste, 35 parts of cassava residue, 5 parts of EM microbial inoculum, 40 parts of peanut meal, 20 parts of rapeseed cake, 3 parts of ferrous sulfate, 1 part of manganese sulfate, 35 parts of potassium sulfate and 8 parts of modified humic acid;
the weight ratio of the inner film to the outer film to the organic fertilizer is 3: 5: 20;
preparing an outer membrane, pouring the modified film-forming agent, starch, zinc carbonate, zinc humate and hydroxypropyl cellulose into a solvent, fully mixing, heating in a water bath to 50 ℃, adding glycerol and animal fat, and stirring for 1h to obtain the outer membrane; preparing an inner membrane, namely fully mixing polyacrylate emulsion, nano silicon dioxide, carboxymethyl cellulose and wood dust, and performing ultrasonic dispersion treatment for 1h at the ultrasonic frequency of 130KHZ to obtain the inner membrane; preparing a biological fertilizer, namely paving cassava residues, peanut meal and rapeseed cakes as a first layer at the bottom of a pile pit; mixing animal waste with EM microbial inoculum, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, potassium sulfate and modified humic acid to serve as a second layer and paving the second layer on the top of the first layer; covering with plastic film, stacking, fermenting, and maintaining for 3 days when the temperature is raised to 60 deg.C; turning over, and keeping for 3 days when the temperature is raised to 60 ℃; in the period, the film is uncovered and ventilated for one time at an interval of 12 hours twice a day, and the ventilation time is 8 minutes each time; obtaining the biological fertilizer after the fermentation is finished; preparing a finished product, drying and crushing the biological fertilizer, then placing the dried and crushed biological fertilizer into a granulator for granulation, then cooling the granular biological fertilizer to 45 ℃, spraying an inner film on the surface of the granular biological fertilizer, uniformly shaking, cooling to room temperature to obtain the biological fertilizer wrapped by the inner film, heating the biological fertilizer wrapped by the inner film to 40 ℃, spraying an outer film on the biological fertilizer, uniformly shaking, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the organic fertilizer wrapped by the coating.
Example 6
According to the following weight ratio of 20: 10: 2: 12: 10: 20, weighing in sequence: polyethylene, bentonite, glycerol, wood fiber, modified starch and ethanol water solution; irradiating polyethylene with ultraviolet rays with the wavelength of 320 nanometers for 0.5 h; pouring bentonite, glycerol, wood fiber, modified starch and irradiated polyethylene into 10% ethanol water solution; stirring at 60 deg.C and pH of 8.5 to obtain paste; adding the pasty mixture into a high-pressure reaction kettle, reacting for 0.5h under the condition of 2.7MPa, and obtaining the modified film-forming agent after the reaction is finished;
according to the following weight ratio of 5: 20: 1: 2, sequentially weighing soil humic acid, 10% sodium hydroxide solution, sulfamic acid and urea; fully mixing soil humic acid with sulfamic acid for 0.5h to obtain sulfonated graft modified humic acid; mixing the sulfonated graft modified humic acid with urea for 0.5h to obtain urea graft modified humic acid; pouring urea grafted modified humic acid into a sodium hydroxide solution, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 0.3h in an environment of 50 ℃, and filtering, drying and grinding to obtain modified humic acid;
the outer membrane comprises the following components in parts by mass: 70 parts of solvent, 40 parts of modified film-forming agent, 6 parts of starch, 2 parts of zinc carbonate, 5 parts of zinc humate, 1 part of hydroxypropyl cellulose, 2 parts of glycerol and 1 part of animal fat;
the inner membrane comprises the following components in parts by mass: 70 parts of polyacrylate emulsion, 0.3 part of nano silicon dioxide, 0.3 part of carboxymethyl cellulose and 1 part of sawdust;
the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80 parts of animal waste, 35 parts of cassava residue, 5 parts of EM microbial inoculum, 40 parts of peanut meal, 20 parts of rapeseed cake, 3 parts of ferrous sulfate, 1 part of manganese sulfate, 35 parts of potassium sulfate and 8 parts of modified humic acid;
the weight ratio of the inner film to the outer film to the organic fertilizer is 3: 5: 20;
preparing an outer membrane, pouring the modified film-forming agent, starch, zinc carbonate, zinc humate and hydroxypropyl cellulose into a solvent, fully mixing, heating in a water bath to 50 ℃, adding glycerol and animal fat, and stirring for 1h to obtain the outer membrane; preparing an inner membrane, namely fully mixing polyacrylate emulsion, nano silicon dioxide, carboxymethyl cellulose and wood dust, and performing ultrasonic dispersion treatment for 1h at the ultrasonic frequency of 130KHZ to obtain the inner membrane; preparing a biological fertilizer, namely paving cassava residues, peanut meal and rapeseed cakes as a first layer at the bottom of a pile pit; mixing animal waste with EM microbial inoculum, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, potassium sulfate and modified humic acid to serve as a second layer and paving the second layer on the top of the first layer; covering with plastic film, stacking, fermenting, and maintaining for 3 days when the temperature is raised to 60 deg.C; turning over, and keeping for 3 days when the temperature is raised to 60 ℃; in the period, the film is uncovered and ventilated for one time at an interval of 12 hours twice a day, and the ventilation time is 8 minutes each time; obtaining the biological fertilizer after the fermentation is finished; preparing a finished product, drying and crushing the biological fertilizer, then placing the dried and crushed biological fertilizer into a granulator for granulation, then cooling the granular biological fertilizer to 45 ℃, spraying an inner film on the surface of the granular biological fertilizer, uniformly shaking, cooling to room temperature to obtain the biological fertilizer wrapped by the inner film, heating the biological fertilizer wrapped by the inner film to 40 ℃, spraying an outer film on the biological fertilizer, uniformly shaking, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the organic fertilizer wrapped by the coating.
Example 7
30 percent by weight as follows: 25: 10: 25: 25: 50, weighing in sequence: polyethylene, bentonite, glycerol, wood fiber, modified starch and ethanol water solution; irradiating the polyethylene for 1h by using ultraviolet rays with the wavelength of 400 nanometers; pouring bentonite, glycerol, wood fiber, modified starch and irradiated polyethylene into an ethanol water solution with the concentration of 35%; stirring at 76 deg.C and pH of 10 to obtain paste; adding the pasty mixture into a high-pressure reaction kettle, reacting for 1h under the condition of 4.3MPa, and obtaining the modified film-forming agent after the reaction is finished;
according to the following weight ratio of 10: 40: 3: 5, sequentially weighing soil humic acid, 30% sodium hydroxide solution, sulfamic acid and urea; fully mixing soil humic acid with sulfamic acid for 1h to obtain sulfonated graft modified humic acid; mixing the sulfonated graft modified humic acid and urea for 1h to obtain urea graft modified humic acid; pouring urea grafted modified humic acid into a sodium hydroxide solution, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 0.6h in an environment of 60 ℃, filtering, drying and grinding to obtain modified humic acid;
the outer membrane comprises the following components in parts by mass: 60 parts of solvent, 10 parts of modified film-forming agent, 1 part of starch, 1 part of zinc carbonate, 3 parts of zinc humate, 0.5 part of hydroxypropyl cellulose, 1 part of glycerol and 0.2 part of animal fat;
the inner membrane comprises the following components in parts by mass: 60 parts of polyacrylate emulsion, 0.15 part of nano silicon dioxide, 0.1 part of carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.5 part of sawdust;
the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of animal waste, 20 parts of cassava residue, 2 parts of EM microbial inoculum, 20 parts of peanut meal, 10 parts of rapeseed cake, 1 part of ferrous sulfate, 0.5 part of manganese sulfate, 25 parts of potassium sulfate and 4 parts of modified humic acid;
the weight ratio of the inner film to the outer film to the organic fertilizer is 1: 2: 10;
preparing an outer membrane, pouring the modified film-forming agent, starch, zinc carbonate, zinc humate and hydroxypropyl cellulose into a solvent, fully mixing, heating in a water bath to 40 ℃, adding glycerol and animal fat, and stirring for 0.5h to obtain the outer membrane; preparing an inner membrane, namely fully mixing polyacrylate emulsion, nano silicon dioxide, carboxymethyl cellulose and wood dust, and performing ultrasonic dispersion treatment for 0.5h at an ultrasonic frequency of 25KHZ to obtain the inner membrane; preparing a biological fertilizer, namely paving cassava residues, peanut meal and rapeseed cakes as a first layer at the bottom of a pile pit; mixing animal waste with EM microbial inoculum, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, potassium sulfate and modified humic acid to serve as a second layer and paving the second layer on the top of the first layer; covering with plastic film, stacking, fermenting, and maintaining for 2 days when the temperature is raised to 50 deg.C; turning over, waiting for 50 deg.C, and maintaining for 2 days; in the period, the film is uncovered and ventilated for 5 minutes every two times every day at intervals of 12 hours; obtaining the biological fertilizer after the fermentation is finished; preparing a finished product, drying and crushing the biological fertilizer, then placing the dried and crushed biological fertilizer into a granulator for granulation, then cooling the granular biological fertilizer to 40 ℃, spraying an inner film on the surface of the granular biological fertilizer, uniformly shaking, cooling to room temperature to obtain the biological fertilizer wrapped by the inner film, heating the biological fertilizer wrapped by the inner film to 35 ℃, spraying an outer film on the biological fertilizer, uniformly shaking, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the organic fertilizer wrapped by the coating.
Selecting 8 parts of grapevine test field with the same fertility, sunshine and water source, wherein 7 mu respectively uses the organic fertilizer prepared by the embodiments 1-7 of the invention as a base fertilizer, 1 mu uses the traditional common fertilizer as the base fertilizer, 300 jin of the fertilizer is applied to each mu, and the same planting method is used in the growth period of crops.
Furthermore, the invention also makes systematic research on the organic fertilizer for planting the fruit trees rich in zinc and the process conditions in the preparation method thereof, and the following test scheme which only explains the obvious influence of the change of the process conditions on the effect of the organic fertilizer for planting the fruit trees rich in zinc takes the process conditions of the embodiment 4 as the basis, and is concretely seen in the comparative examples 1-3:
comparative example 1
According to the following weight ratio of 10: 40: 3: 5, sequentially weighing soil humic acid, 30% sodium hydroxide solution, sulfamic acid and urea; fully mixing soil humic acid with sulfamic acid for 1h to obtain sulfonated graft modified humic acid; mixing the sulfonated graft modified humic acid and urea for 1h to obtain urea graft modified humic acid; pouring urea grafted modified humic acid into a sodium hydroxide solution, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 0.6h in an environment of 60 ℃, filtering, drying and grinding to obtain modified humic acid;
the outer membrane comprises the following components in parts by mass: 68 parts of solvent, 38 parts of film forming agent, 5 parts of starch, 1.8 parts of zinc carbonate, 4.8 parts of zinc humate, 0.8 part of hydroxypropyl cellulose, 1.8 parts of glycerol and 0.9 part of animal fat;
the inner membrane comprises the following components in parts by mass: 68 parts of polyacrylate emulsion, 0.28 part of nano silicon dioxide, 0.28 part of carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.9 part of sawdust;
the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 78 parts of animal waste, 32 parts of cassava residue, 4.5 parts of EM microbial inoculum, 35 parts of peanut meal, 18 parts of rapeseed cake, 2.5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 0.8 part of manganese sulfate, 32 parts of potassium sulfate and 7.5 parts of modified humic acid;
the weight ratio of the inner film to the outer film to the organic fertilizer is 2.8: 4.5: 18;
preparing an outer membrane, pouring a film-forming agent, starch, zinc carbonate, zinc humate and hydroxypropyl cellulose into a solvent, fully mixing, heating in a water bath to 50 ℃, adding glycerol and animal fat, and stirring for 1h to obtain the outer membrane; preparing an inner membrane, namely fully mixing polyacrylate emulsion, nano silicon dioxide, carboxymethyl cellulose and wood dust, and performing ultrasonic dispersion treatment for 1h at the ultrasonic frequency of 130KHZ to obtain the inner membrane; preparing a biological fertilizer, namely paving cassava residues, peanut meal and rapeseed cakes as a first layer at the bottom of a pile pit; mixing animal waste with EM microbial inoculum, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, potassium sulfate and modified humic acid to serve as a second layer and paving the second layer on the top of the first layer; covering with plastic film, stacking, fermenting, and maintaining for 3 days when the temperature is raised to 60 deg.C; turning over, and keeping for 3 days when the temperature is raised to 60 ℃; in the period, the film is uncovered and ventilated for one time at an interval of 12 hours twice a day, and the ventilation time is 8 minutes each time; obtaining the biological fertilizer after the fermentation is finished; preparing a finished product, drying and crushing the biological fertilizer, then placing the dried and crushed biological fertilizer into a granulator for granulation, then cooling the granular biological fertilizer to 45 ℃, spraying an inner film on the surface of the granular biological fertilizer, uniformly shaking, cooling to room temperature to obtain the biological fertilizer wrapped by the inner film, heating the biological fertilizer wrapped by the inner film to 40 ℃, spraying an outer film on the biological fertilizer, uniformly shaking, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the organic fertilizer wrapped by the coating.
Comparative example 2
30 percent by weight as follows: 25: 10: 25: 25: 50, weighing in sequence: polyethylene, bentonite, glycerol, wood fiber, modified starch and ethanol water solution; irradiating the polyethylene for 1h by using ultraviolet rays with the wavelength of 400 nanometers; pouring bentonite, glycerol, wood fiber, modified starch and irradiated polyethylene into an ethanol water solution with the concentration of 35%; stirring at 76 deg.C and pH of 10 to obtain paste; adding the pasty mixture into a high-pressure reaction kettle, reacting for 1h under the condition of 4.3MPa, and obtaining the modified film-forming agent after the reaction is finished;
the outer membrane comprises the following components in parts by mass: 68 parts of solvent, 38 parts of modified film-forming agent, 5 parts of starch, 1.8 parts of zinc carbonate, 4.8 parts of zinc humate, 0.8 part of hydroxypropyl cellulose, 1.8 parts of glycerol and 0.9 part of animal fat;
the inner membrane comprises the following components in parts by mass: 68 parts of polyacrylate emulsion, 0.28 part of nano silicon dioxide, 0.28 part of carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.9 part of sawdust;
the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 78 parts of animal waste, 32 parts of cassava residue, 4.5 parts of EM microbial inoculum, 35 parts of peanut meal, 18 parts of rapeseed cake, 2.5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 0.8 part of manganese sulfate, 32 parts of potassium sulfate and 7.5 parts of humic acid;
the weight ratio of the inner film to the outer film to the organic fertilizer is 2.8: 4.5: 18;
preparing an outer membrane, pouring the modified film-forming agent, starch, zinc carbonate, zinc humate and hydroxypropyl cellulose into a solvent, fully mixing, heating in a water bath to 50 ℃, adding glycerol and animal fat, and stirring for 1h to obtain the outer membrane; preparing an inner membrane, namely fully mixing polyacrylate emulsion, nano silicon dioxide, carboxymethyl cellulose and wood dust, and performing ultrasonic dispersion treatment for 1h at the ultrasonic frequency of 130KHZ to obtain the inner membrane; preparing a biological fertilizer, namely paving cassava residues, peanut meal and rapeseed cakes as a first layer at the bottom of a pile pit; mixing animal waste with EM microbial inoculum, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, potassium sulfate and humic acid to serve as a second layer and paving the second layer on the top of the first layer; covering with plastic film, stacking, fermenting, and maintaining for 3 days when the temperature is raised to 60 deg.C; turning over, and keeping for 3 days when the temperature is raised to 60 ℃; in the period, the film is uncovered and ventilated for one time at an interval of 12 hours twice a day, and the ventilation time is 8 minutes each time; obtaining the biological fertilizer after the fermentation is finished; preparing a finished product, drying and crushing the biological fertilizer, then placing the dried and crushed biological fertilizer into a granulator for granulation, then cooling the granular biological fertilizer to 45 ℃, spraying an inner film on the surface of the granular biological fertilizer, uniformly shaking, cooling to room temperature to obtain the biological fertilizer wrapped by the inner film, heating the biological fertilizer wrapped by the inner film to 40 ℃, spraying an outer film on the biological fertilizer, uniformly shaking, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the organic fertilizer wrapped by the coating.
Comparative example 3
According to the following weight ratio of 10: 40: 3: 5, sequentially weighing soil humic acid, 30% sodium hydroxide solution, sulfamic acid and urea; fully mixing soil humic acid with sulfamic acid for 1h to obtain sulfonated graft modified humic acid; mixing the sulfonated graft modified humic acid and urea for 1h to obtain urea graft modified humic acid; pouring urea grafted modified humic acid into a sodium hydroxide solution, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 0.6h in an environment of 60 ℃, filtering, drying and grinding to obtain modified humic acid;
the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 78 parts of animal waste, 32 parts of cassava residue, 4.5 parts of EM microbial inoculum, 35 parts of peanut meal, 18 parts of rapeseed cake, 2.5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 0.8 part of manganese sulfate, 32 parts of potassium sulfate and 7.5 parts of modified humic acid;
preparing a biological fertilizer, namely paving cassava residues, peanut meal and rapeseed cakes as a first layer at the bottom of a pile pit; mixing animal waste with EM microbial inoculum, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, potassium sulfate and modified humic acid to serve as a second layer and paving the second layer on the top of the first layer; covering with plastic film, stacking, fermenting, and maintaining for 3 days when the temperature is raised to 60 deg.C; turning over, and keeping for 3 days when the temperature is raised to 60 ℃; in the period, the film is uncovered and ventilated for one time at an interval of 12 hours twice a day, and the ventilation time is 8 minutes each time; and (3) obtaining the biological fertilizer after fermentation is finished, drying and crushing the biological fertilizer, and then putting the dried and crushed biological fertilizer into a granulator for granulation to obtain the organic fertilizer.
Selecting 3 acres of grapevine test fields with the same fertility, sunshine and water source to divide into 3 parts, respectively using the organic fertilizer prepared in comparative examples 1-3 of the invention as a base fertilizer for 3 acres, applying 300 jin of fertilizer in each acre, using the same planting method in the growth period of crops, wherein the experimental results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
In conclusion, the yield per mu, the survival rate and the average grape grain weight data of the grapevines which are applied with the organic fertilizer prepared by the embodiments 1-7 of the invention as the base fertilizer are all superior to those of the grapevines of the control group which is applied with the common organic fertilizer, wherein the effects of the embodiments 4 and 7 are better. The data such as the yield per mu of the grapevine using the organic fertilizer prepared in the comparative examples 1-3 as the base fertilizer are all worse than those of the example 4, wherein the film-forming agent added in the raw material for preparing the outer film in the comparative example 1 is an unmodified film-forming agent, so that the outer film is not uniformly formed when in use, and the slow-release effect on the organic fertilizer is low; comparative example 2 humic acid added in the preparation process of the organic fertilizer is common humic acid, and the effect of improving the soil at the root of the grapevine is low; in comparative example 3, no coating was applied to the outside of the organic fertilizer granules.
In summary, in the organic fertilizer for fruit tree planting rich in zinc and the preparation method thereof provided in this embodiment, the organic fertilizer is wrapped by the outer film and the inner film of the coating, and the slow release effect on the organic fertilizer is realized by slow decomposition of the outer film and the inner film, so that the problem of low utilization rate of the organic fertilizer after fertilization is solved.
The film forming agent used in the outer film component is polyethylene modified by bentonite, wood fiber and modified starch after being irradiated by ultraviolet rays; the polyethylene irradiated by ultraviolet rays is crosslinked, the crosslinked polyethylene is a pseudoplastic fluid, the apparent viscosity is reduced along with the increase of the shearing rate, the melt strength of the polyethylene is greatly improved due to the existence of a crosslinking structure, the processability of the polyethylene is greatly improved, and the modification effect of bentonite, wood fiber and modified starch on the polyethylene is better; the modified polyethylene has good miscibility and low volatility as a film forming agent, and can promote the outer film to form an excellent continuous coating film; zinc humate and zinc carbonate are added into the outer membrane component, so that the zinc content of the fertilizer is improved.
The organic fertilizer is prepared by adding modified humic acid into raw materials, wherein the modified humic acid is obtained by mixing and modifying soil humic acid with a sulfonating agent and urea in sequence, the soil humic acid is firstly mixed with the sulfonating agent to obtain sulfonated graft modified humic acid, and then the sulfonated graft modified humic acid is mixed with urea to obtain urea graft modified humic acid, namely, the humic acid is subjected to graft modification twice, so that the physiological activity of the humic acid is improved, nutrient elements are more favorably conveyed to crops, the soil structure is effectively improved, and the growth of the crops is facilitated.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The zinc-rich organic fertilizer for fruit tree planting is characterized by comprising an organic fertilizer coated by a coating;
the envelope comprises an outer membrane and an inner membrane;
the outer membrane comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60-70 parts of solvent, 10-40 parts of modified film-forming agent, 1-6 parts of starch, 1-2 parts of zinc carbonate, 3-5 parts of zinc humate, 0.5-1 part of hydroxypropyl cellulose, 1-2 parts of glycerol and 0.2-1 part of animal fat;
the inner membrane comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60-70 parts of polyacrylate emulsion, 0.15-0.3 part of nano silicon dioxide, 0.1-0.3 part of carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.5-1 part of wood chips;
the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-80 parts of animal waste, 20-35 parts of cassava residue, 2-5 parts of EM microbial inoculum, 20-40 parts of peanut meal, 10-20 parts of rapeseed cake, 1-3 parts of ferrous sulfate, 0.5-1 part of manganese sulfate, 25-35 parts of potassium sulfate and 4-8 parts of modified humic acid;
the weight ratio of the inner membrane to the outer membrane to the organic fertilizer is (1-3): (2-5): (10-20).
2. The zinc-rich organic fertilizer for fruit tree planting according to claim 1, wherein the solvent is a mixture of one or more of ethyl acetate, butyl acetate and water.
3. The zinc-rich organic fertilizer for fruit tree planting according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the modified film-forming agent comprises the following steps: according to the following weight ratio (20-30): (10-25): (2-10): (12-25): (10-25): (20-50), weighing in sequence: polyethylene, bentonite, glycerol, wood fiber, modified starch and ethanol water solution; irradiating polyethylene with ultraviolet rays for 0.5-1 h; pouring bentonite, glycerol, wood fiber, modified starch and irradiated polyethylene into an ethanol water solution; stirring at 60-76 deg.C and pH of 8.5-10 to obtain paste; adding the pasty mixture into a high-pressure reaction kettle, reacting for 0.5-1h under the condition of 2.7-4.3MPa, and obtaining the modified film-forming agent after the reaction is finished.
4. The organic fertilizer for fruit tree planting containing rich zinc as claimed in claim 3, wherein the concentration of the ethanol aqueous solution is 10% -35%, and the ultraviolet wavelength is 320-400 nm.
5. The zinc-rich organic fertilizer for fruit tree planting according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the modified humic acid comprises the following steps: according to the following weight ratio (5-10): (20-40): (1-3): (2-5), sequentially weighing soil humic acid, a sodium hydroxide solution, a sulfonating agent and urea; fully mixing soil humic acid with a sulfonating agent for 0.5-1h to obtain sulfonated graft modified humic acid; mixing the sulfonated graft modified humic acid and urea for 0.5-1h to obtain urea graft modified humic acid; pouring the urea grafted modified humic acid into a sodium hydroxide solution, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 0.3-0.6h at the temperature of 50-60 ℃, and filtering, drying and grinding to obtain the modified humic acid.
6. The zinc-rich organic fertilizer for fruit tree planting according to claim 5, wherein the sulfonating agent is sulfamic acid; the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 10-30%.
7. The zinc-rich organic fertilizer for fruit tree planting according to claim 1, wherein the outer membrane comprises the following components in parts by weight: 62-68 parts of solvent, 12-38 parts of modified film-forming agent, 2-5 parts of starch, 1.2-1.8 parts of zinc carbonate, 3.2-4.8 parts of zinc humate, 0.6-0.8 part of hydroxypropyl cellulose, 1.2-1.8 parts of glycerol and 0.3-0.9 part of animal fat;
the inner membrane comprises the following components in parts by weight: 62-68 parts of polyacrylate emulsion, 0.15-0.28 part of nano silicon dioxide, 0.12-0.28 part of carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.6-0.9 part of wood chips;
the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 52-78 parts of animal waste, 22-32 parts of cassava residue, 2.5-4.5 parts of EM microbial inoculum, 25-35 parts of peanut meal, 12-18 parts of rapeseed cake, 1.5-2.5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 0.6-0.8 part of manganese sulfate, 26-32 parts of potassium sulfate and 4.5-7.5 parts of modified humic acid;
the weight ratio of the inner membrane to the outer membrane to the organic fertilizer is (1.2-2.8): (2.5-4.5): (12-18).
8. The zinc-rich organic fertilizer for fruit tree planting according to claim 1, wherein the outer membrane comprises the following components in parts by weight: 65 parts of solvent, 25 parts of modified film-forming agent, 3.5 parts of starch, 1.5 parts of zinc carbonate, 4 parts of zinc humate, 0.75 part of hydroxypropyl cellulose, 1.5 parts of glycerol and 0.6 part of animal fat;
the inner membrane comprises the following components in parts by weight: 65 parts of polyacrylate emulsion, 0.25 part of nano silicon dioxide, 0.2 part of carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.75 part of sawdust;
the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 65 parts of animal wastes, 27 parts of cassava residues, 3.5 parts of EM microbial inoculum, 30 parts of peanut meal, 15 parts of rapeseed cakes, 2 parts of ferrous sulfate, 0.75 part of manganese sulfate, 30 parts of potassium sulfate and 6 parts of modified humic acid;
the weight ratio of the inner film to the outer film to the organic fertilizer is 2: 3.5: 15.
9. the preparation method of the organic fertilizer rich in zinc for fruit tree planting as claimed in any one of claims 1-8, comprising the following steps:
step 1: weighing the components of the outer membrane, the inner membrane and the organic fertilizer according to the parts by weight;
step 2: preparing an outer membrane, pouring the modified film-forming agent, starch, zinc carbonate, zinc humate and hydroxypropyl cellulose into a solvent, fully mixing, heating in a water bath to 40-50 ℃, adding glycerol and animal fat, and stirring for 0.5-1h to obtain the outer membrane;
and step 3: preparing an inner membrane, namely fully mixing polyacrylate emulsion, nano silicon dioxide, carboxymethyl cellulose and wood dust, and performing ultrasonic dispersion treatment for 0.5-1h to obtain the inner membrane;
and 4, step 4: preparing a biological fertilizer, namely paving cassava residues, peanut meal and rapeseed cakes as a first layer at the bottom of a pile pit; mixing animal waste with EM microbial inoculum, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, potassium sulfate and modified humic acid to serve as a second layer and paving the second layer on the top of the first layer; covering with plastic film, stacking and fermenting, and maintaining for 2-3 days when the temperature is raised to 50-60 ℃; turning over, raising the temperature to 50-60 deg.c, and maintaining for 2-3 days; in the period, the film is uncovered and ventilated once every two times every day at intervals of 12 hours, and the ventilation time is 5 to 8 minutes each time; obtaining the biological fertilizer after the fermentation is finished;
and 5: preparing a finished product, drying and crushing the biological fertilizer, then placing the biological fertilizer into a granulator for granulation, then cooling the granular biological fertilizer to 40-45 ℃, spraying an inner film on the surface of the granular biological fertilizer, uniformly shaking, cooling to room temperature to obtain the biological fertilizer wrapped by the inner film, heating the biological fertilizer wrapped by the inner film to 35-40 ℃, spraying an outer film on the biological fertilizer, uniformly shaking, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the organic fertilizer wrapped by the coating.
10. The method for preparing the zinc-rich organic fertilizer for fruit tree planting according to claim 9, wherein the ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic dispersion treatment in the step 3 is 25KHZ-130 KHZ.
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