CN112931190A - Seed production method of common buckwheat hybrid - Google Patents
Seed production method of common buckwheat hybrid Download PDFInfo
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- CN112931190A CN112931190A CN202110411413.9A CN202110411413A CN112931190A CN 112931190 A CN112931190 A CN 112931190A CN 202110411413 A CN202110411413 A CN 202110411413A CN 112931190 A CN112931190 A CN 112931190A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for producing seeds of common buckwheat hybrid seeds, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting parents: selecting parents with complementary characters; (2) and (3) isolating the environment: including spatial isolation and temporal isolation; (3) planting in an interlaced manner and sowing in a staggered period; (4) a reflective film is coated between lines in the initial flowering period; (5) removing the abnormal flower; (6) topping: topping the female parent row, and removing the top advantages; (7) fertilizing; (8) auxiliary pollination; (9) removing the male parent: after the flowering phase of the female parent is finished, the male parent is removed; (10) harvesting and after-ripening threshing. The seed production method provided by the invention improves the activity and dispersibility of the pollen of the male parent, increases the fructification of the female parent, reduces the loss rate during the maturation period, has simple operation, low seed production cost, high production efficiency and obvious heterosis, and provides a simple and feasible method for utilizing the heterosis of the common buckwheat.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of breeding and seed production, and particularly relates to a seed production method of common buckwheat hybrid seeds.
Background
The common buckwheat is mainly planted in the great wall area of China, the planting area is about 800 ten thousand mu, and the common buckwheat plays an important role in the crop layout of China. Since the 30 s, the hybrid vigor of all countries in the world is utilized to promote hybrid varieties of corn, sorghum and rice as important methods for improving the crop yield. However, the hybrid vigor utilization method and technology of buckwheat is still imperfect due to its genetic characteristics. At present, the breeding variety of common buckwheat is mainly selected by mixing, the heterosis is not obvious, and the yield improvement is influenced. In order to meet the requirement of buckwheat production on seeds in China and realize the aims of increasing the yield and high yield of the buckwheat, how to utilize the heterosis of the buckwheat becomes the first task of buckwheat breeding.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a seed production method of common buckwheat hybrid seeds, which has low cost and obvious heterosis.
A method for producing seeds of common buckwheat hybrid seeds comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting parents: selecting parents with complementary characters;
(2) and (3) isolating the environment: including spatial isolation and temporal isolation;
(3) planting in an interlaced manner and sowing in a staggered period;
(4) coating a reflective film between lines in the initial flowering period: in the early flowering period, a reflective membrane is laid on ridges between rows of the male parent and the female parent, and two sides of the reflective membrane are compacted by soil;
(5) removing abnormal flowers: in the early flowering period, single plants with different stigma types are reserved in the parent row of the female parent row to remove abnormal flowers from the parent row of the female parent row;
(6) topping: topping the female parent row, and removing the top advantages;
(7) fertilizing: spraying boric acid solution 2 times in full-bloom period, wherein the interval between 2 times is 7-10 days;
(8) and (3) supplementary pollination: placing bees for supplementary pollination;
(9) removing the male parent: after the flowering phase of the female parent is finished, the male parent is removed;
(10) harvesting and after-ripening threshing.
Preferably, the parent selection in step (1) is specifically as follows: the parents are varieties selected from different countries or different regions.
Preferably, the space isolation is that no other common buckwheat is planted in the space larger than 500 meters.
Preferably, the time isolation is 55-65 days earlier than the sowing period of the common buckwheat.
Preferably, the interlaced planting in the step (3) is as follows: ridge culture, furrow sowing, female parent row number: the number of male parent lines = 1: 1, wherein the row spacing is 50-60cm, the plant spacing is 15-20 cm, and the ridge height is 10-15 cm.
Preferably, the staggered sowing in the step (3) is to divide the male parent into two periods for sowing, and sow the male parent in the second period after the female parent and the male parent in the first period are sown for 5-10 days in the same period.
Preferably, the individuals with different stigma types left in step (5) are as follows: removing single plants with short stigmas from the parent row, and reserving single plants with long stigmas; and removing the single plant with long stigma from the male parent row, and leaving the single plant with short stigma.
Preferably, the concentration of the aqueous boric acid solution is 0.1 to 0.2 wt%.
Preferably, when the bees are placed in the step (8) for supplementary pollination, beehives are placed according to the ratio of 3-5 hives/mu, and each hive contains 20000 and 40000 bees.
Preferably, the harvesting and after-ripening threshing in step (10) are specifically as follows: harvesting when the seeds of the female parent are in the inherent color of the seeds, wherein the harvesting is carried out in the morning, and the harvested female parent plants are placed in a dry environment for 7-10 days to complete after-ripening and then are threshed.
The reflective film in the field of crop planting in the prior art can meet the requirements of the invention.
The invention has the advantages that:
the method utilizes key technologies of ridge culture furrow sowing, reflective film laying, apical dominance removal, boric fertilizer utilization, after-ripening anti-falling grain and the like, improves the activity and the dispersibility of pollen of the male parent, increases the solidity of the female parent, reduces the loss rate during the ripening period, has simple operation, low seed production cost, high production efficiency and obvious heterosis, and provides a simple and feasible method for utilizing the heterosis of the common buckwheat.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A method for producing seeds of common buckwheat hybrid seeds comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting parents: selecting parents with complementary characters, wherein the parents are varieties selected from different countries or different regions;
(2) and (3) isolating the environment: including spatial isolation and temporal isolation; the space isolation is that no other common buckwheat is planted in the space larger than 500 meters; the time isolation is 55-65 days earlier than the sowing period of the common buckwheat;
(3) planting in alternate lines, and sowing in staggered periods: the interlaced planting is as follows: ridge culture, furrow sowing, female parent row number: the number of male parent lines = 1: 1, wherein the row spacing is 50-60cm, the plant spacing is 15-20 cm, and the ridge height is 10-15 cm; the staggered sowing is to divide the male parent into two periods for sowing, and sow the male parent in the second period after the female parent and the male parent in the first period are sown for 5-10 days in the same period;
(4) coating a reflective film between lines in the initial flowering period: in the early flowering period, a reflective membrane is laid on ridges between rows of the male parent and the female parent, and two sides of the reflective membrane are compacted by soil;
(5) removing abnormal flowers: the method is characterized in that single plants with different stigma types are reserved in the parent row of the female parent row in the early flowering period to remove abnormal flowers in the parent row of the female parent row, and specifically comprises the following steps: removing single plants with short stigmas from the parent row, and reserving single plants with long stigmas; removing the single plants with long stigma from the male parent row, and leaving the single plants with short stigma;
(6) topping: topping the female parent row, and removing the top advantages;
(7) fertilizing: spraying boric acid aqueous solution for 2 times in full-bloom period, wherein the interval between 2 times is 7-10 days, and the concentration of the boric acid aqueous solution is 0.1-0.2 wt%;
(8) and (3) supplementary pollination: placing bees for supplementary pollination, placing beehives according to the ratio of 3-5 boxes/mu, wherein each box contains 20000 + 40000 bees;
(9) removing the male parent: after the flowering phase of the female parent is finished, the male parent is removed;
(10) harvesting and after-ripening threshing: harvesting when the seeds of the female parent are in the inherent color of the seeds, wherein the harvesting is carried out in the morning, and the harvested female parent plants are placed in a dry environment for 7-10 days to complete after-ripening and then are threshed.
Example 2
A method for producing seeds of common buckwheat hybrid seeds comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting parents: the buckwheat material 9976 is taken as a female parent, and the Japanese white buckwheat material hokkaido is taken as a male parent; compared with the common buckwheat material in the Hokkaido, 9976 is a bred variety, safflower, high plant height and easy lodging, and is prepared by breeding the common buckwheat material in the elm forest of Shanxi; compared with 9976, the male parent hokkaido is a wild buckwheat Japanese bred variety introduced in China, has white flowers, low plant height and lodging resistance; (2) and (3) isolating the environment: including spatial isolation and temporal isolation; the space isolation is that no other common buckwheat is planted in the space larger than 500 meters; the time isolation is 55 days earlier than the conventional common buckwheat sowing period;
(3) planting in alternate lines, and sowing in staggered periods: the interlaced planting is as follows: ridge culture, furrow sowing, female parent row number: the number of male parent lines = 1: 1, wherein the row spacing is 50cm, the plant spacing is 15m, and the ridge height is 10 cm; the staggered sowing is to divide the male parent into two periods for sowing, and sow the male parent in the second period after the female parent and the male parent in the first period are sown for 5 days in the same period;
(4) coating a reflective film between lines in the initial flowering period: in the early flowering period, a reflective membrane is laid on ridges between rows of the male parent and the female parent, and two sides of the reflective membrane are compacted by soil;
(5) removing abnormal flowers: in the early flowering period, single plants with different stigma types are reserved in the parent row of the female parent row to remove abnormal flowers in the parent row of the female parent row, specifically, the single plant with the short stigma removed in the female parent row is reserved in the long stigma single plant; removing the single plants with long stigma from the male parent row, and leaving the single plants with short stigma;
(6) topping: topping the female parent row, and removing the top advantages;
(7) fertilizing: spraying 0.1wt% boric acid water solution 2 times in full-bloom period, wherein the interval between 2 times is 7 days;
(8) and (3) supplementary pollination: placing bees for supplementary pollination, placing beehives according to 3 boxes/mu, wherein each beehive contains 40000 bees;
(9) removing the male parent: after the flowering phase of the female parent is finished, the male parent is removed;
(10) harvesting and after-ripening threshing links: harvesting when the seeds of the female parent are in the inherent color of the seeds, wherein the harvesting is carried out in the morning, and the harvested female parent plants are placed in a dry environment for 7-10 days to complete after-ripening and then are threshed.
Example 3
A method for producing seeds of common buckwheat hybrid seeds comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting parents: taking Shaanxi fixed-edge safflower buckwheat as a female parent and Russian sweet buckwheat material Shinano as a male parent; compared with common buckwheat Shinano, the red flower buckwheat with fixed edges in Shaanxi has lower plant height, red flowers and early maturity; compared with the Shaanxi fixed-edge safflower buckwheat, the buckwheat Shinano has higher plant height, white flower in flower color and late maturity;
(2) and (3) isolating the environment: including spatial isolation and temporal isolation; the space isolation is that no other common buckwheat is planted in the space larger than 500 meters; the time isolation is 65 days earlier than the conventional common buckwheat sowing period;
(3) planting in alternate lines, and sowing in staggered periods: the interlaced planting is as follows: ridge culture, furrow sowing, female parent row number: the number of male parent lines = 1: 1, wherein the row spacing is 60cm, the plant spacing is 20 cm, and the ridge height is 15 cm; the staggered sowing is to divide the male parent into two periods for sowing, and sow the male parent in the second period after the female parent and the male parent in the first period are sown for 10 days in the same period;
(4) coating a reflective film between lines in the initial flowering period: in the early flowering period, a reflective membrane is laid on ridges between rows of the male parent and the female parent, and two sides of the reflective membrane are compacted by soil;
(5) removing abnormal flowers: in the early flowering period, single plants with different stigma types are reserved in the parent row of the female parent row to remove abnormal flowers in the parent row of the female parent row, specifically, the single plant with the short stigma removed in the female parent row is reserved in the long stigma single plant; removing the single plants with long stigma from the male parent row, and leaving the single plants with short stigma;
(6) topping: topping the female parent row, and removing the top advantages;
(7) fertilizing: spraying 0.2wt% boric acid water solution 2 times in full-bloom period, with 10 days interval between 2 times;
(8) and (3) supplementary pollination: placing bees for auxiliary pollination, placing beehives according to 5 boxes/mu, wherein each beehive contains 20000 bees;
(9) removing the male parent: after the flowering phase of the female parent is finished, the male parent is removed;
(10) harvesting and after-ripening threshing links: harvesting when the seeds of the female parent are in the inherent color of the seeds, wherein the harvesting is carried out in the morning, and the harvested female parent plants are placed in a dry environment for 7-10 days to complete after-ripening and then are threshed.
Example 4
A method for producing seeds of common buckwheat hybrid seeds comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting parents: the Shaanxi fixed-edge safflower buckwheat is taken as a female parent, and the Japanese white-flower buckwheat Hokkaido is taken as a male parent. Compared with the tartary buckwheat Hokkaido, the fixed-edge safflower buckwheat of Shaanxi has higher plant height, safflower of flower color, easy lodging and late maturity; compared with the Shaanxi fixed-edge safflower buckwheat, the Japanese white-flower buckwheat is white flower in Hokkaido, and has lower plant height, lodging resistance and precocity; (ii) a
(2) And (3) isolating the environment: including spatial isolation and temporal isolation; the space isolation is that no other common buckwheat is planted in the space larger than 500 meters; the time isolation is 60 days earlier than the conventional common buckwheat sowing period;
(3) sowing in a staggered period, and planting in an interlaced manner: the interlaced planting is as follows: ridge culture, furrow sowing, female parent row number: the number of male parent lines = 1: 1, wherein the row spacing is 55cm, the plant spacing is 18 cm, the ridge height is 12cm, and male parents and female parents are planted in an interlaced manner; the staggered sowing is sowing the female parent and the male parent in the second period 7 days later;
(4) coating a reflective film between lines in the initial flowering period: in the early flowering period, a reflective membrane is laid on ridges between rows of the male parent and the female parent, and two sides of the reflective membrane are compacted by soil;
(5) removing abnormal flowers: in the early flowering period, single plants with different stigma types are reserved in the parent row of the female parent row to remove abnormal flowers in the parent row of the female parent row, specifically, the single plant with the short stigma removed in the female parent row is reserved in the long stigma single plant; removing the single plants with long stigma from the male parent row, and leaving the single plants with short stigma;
(6) topping: topping the female parent row, and removing the top advantages;
(7) fertilizing: spraying 0.2wt% boric acid water solution 2 times in full-bloom period, wherein the interval between 2 times is 8 days;
(8) and (3) supplementary pollination: placing bees for supplementary pollination, placing beehives according to 4 boxes/mu, wherein each beehive contains 30000 bees;
(9) removing the male parent: after the flowering phase of the female parent is finished, the male parent is removed;
(10) harvesting and after-ripening threshing links: harvesting when the seeds of the female parent are in the inherent color of the seeds, wherein the harvesting is carried out in the morning, and the harvested female parent plants are placed in a dry environment for 7-10 days to complete after-ripening and then are threshed.
Yield detection
The hybrid F1 obtained in examples 2-4, and the male and female parents before the F1 were obtained, were compared in yield in the second growing season, and the area of the cell was 5X 2m2The plants are planted according to the line spacing of 33cm and the plant spacing of 10cm, the other planting management conditions are the same, and the yield results are shown in table 1.
As can be seen from Table 1, the hybrid F1 obtained by breeding according to the method of the present invention has great superiority and high super-paternity.
Claims (10)
1. A method for producing seeds of common buckwheat hybrid seeds is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting parents: selecting parents with complementary characters;
(2) and (3) isolating the environment: including spatial isolation and temporal isolation;
(3) planting in an interlaced manner and sowing in a staggered period;
(4) coating a reflective film between lines in the initial flowering period: in the early flowering period, a reflective membrane is laid on ridges between rows of the male parent and the female parent, and two sides of the reflective membrane are compacted by soil;
(5) removing abnormal flowers: in the early flowering period, single plants with different stigma types are reserved in the parent row of the female parent row to remove abnormal flowers from the parent row of the female parent row;
(6) topping: topping the female parent row, and removing the top advantages;
(7) fertilizing: spraying boric acid solution 2 times in full-bloom period, wherein the interval between 2 times is 7-10 days;
(8) and (3) supplementary pollination: placing bees for supplementary pollination;
(9) removing the male parent: after the flowering phase of the female parent is finished, the male parent is removed;
(10) harvesting and after-ripening threshing.
2. The method for producing seeds of common buckwheat hybrid seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that: the parent selection in the step (1) is specifically as follows: the parents are varieties selected from different countries or different regions.
3. The method for producing seeds of a common buckwheat hybrid as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the space isolation is that no other common buckwheat is planted in the space larger than 500 m.
4. The method for producing seeds of a common buckwheat hybrid as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the time isolation is 55-65 days earlier than the sowing period of the common buckwheat.
5. The method for producing seeds of a common buckwheat hybrid according to claim 3 or 4, wherein: the interlaced planting in the step (3) is specifically as follows: ridge culture, furrow sowing, female parent row number: the number of male parent lines = 1: 1, wherein the row spacing is 50-60cm, the plant spacing is 15-20 cm, and the ridge height is 10-15 cm.
6. The method for producing seeds of common buckwheat hybrid seeds according to claim 5, characterized in that: the staggered sowing in the step (3) is to divide the male parent into two periods for sowing, and sow the male parent in the second period after the female parent and the male parent in the first period are sown for 5-10 days in the same period.
7. The method for producing seeds of common buckwheat hybrid seeds according to claim 6, characterized in that: the specific steps of leaving the single plants with different stigma types in the step (5) are as follows: removing single plants with short stigmas from the parent row, and reserving single plants with long stigmas; and removing the single plant with long stigma from the male parent row, and leaving the single plant with short stigma.
8. The method for producing seeds of a common buckwheat hybrid according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the concentration of the boric acid aqueous solution is 0.1-0.2 wt%.
9. The method for producing seeds of a common buckwheat hybrid according to claim 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) when the bees are placed in the step (8) for supplementary pollination, placing beehives according to the ratio of 3-5 hives/mu, wherein each hive contains 20000 plus 40000 bees.
10. The method for producing seeds of a common buckwheat hybrid according to claim 9, wherein: the harvesting and after-ripening threshing in the step (10) are specifically as follows: harvesting when the seeds of the female parent are in the inherent color of the seeds, wherein the harvesting is carried out in the morning, and the harvested female parent plants are placed in a dry environment for 7-10 days to complete after-ripening and then are threshed.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101077061A (en) * | 2007-07-17 | 2007-11-28 | 贵州师范大学 | Process for preparing hybridization buckwheat |
| CN102771274A (en) * | 2012-04-28 | 2012-11-14 | 高义富 | High-yield and high-efficiency planting technology for Daba Shan buckwheat |
| US20160374279A1 (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2016-12-29 | Accelerated Ag Technologies, Llc | Seed production |
-
2021
- 2021-04-16 CN CN202110411413.9A patent/CN112931190A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101077061A (en) * | 2007-07-17 | 2007-11-28 | 贵州师范大学 | Process for preparing hybridization buckwheat |
| CN102771274A (en) * | 2012-04-28 | 2012-11-14 | 高义富 | High-yield and high-efficiency planting technology for Daba Shan buckwheat |
| US20160374279A1 (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2016-12-29 | Accelerated Ag Technologies, Llc | Seed production |
Non-Patent Citations (5)
| Title |
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| YUJI MUKASA ET AL.: "A methodology for heterosis breeding of common buckwheat involving the use of the self-compatibility gene derived from Fagopyrum homotropicum", 《EUPHYTICA》 * |
| 史兴海 等: "甜荞打顶试验研究初报", 《河南农业科学》 * |
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