CN112930998B - Regulation and control method for rock sugar orange planted in alkaline earth soil - Google Patents
Regulation and control method for rock sugar orange planted in alkaline earth soil Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
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Abstract
The application relates to a regulating and controlling method for planting rock sugar oranges in alkaline earth soil, which comprises the steps of using an acidic special matched fertilizer; the special acidic fertilizer contains nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in different proportions and chelated trace elements; the special acidic fertilizer comprises three different proportions of fertilizers of type I, type II and type III. The application adopts the soil and nutrition regulation technology for planting rock sugar oranges in the alkaline earth soil with the core of 'acid organic fertilizer and matrix improved soil and acid matched special fertilizer', and compared with non-demonstration areas, the average single plant yield is increased by 4.7 kg-8.2 kg, the yield increase range is 22.1% -34.2%, and the effect is remarkable.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of soil improvement and planting, and particularly relates to the technical field of a regulating and controlling method for planting rock sugar oranges in alkaline earth soil.
Background
The rock candy orange is one of the favorite fruits, is commonly planted in the south, and the soil in the south is generally acidic, so that the rock candy orange is very suitable for planting and growing requirements of the rock candy orange. In the Yuxi city, the citrus industry develops rapidly in recent years, the planting area of the whole city reaches 34.48 mu by the year 2020, wherein 30 percent of rock sugar oranges, 45 percent of Wen Zhou tangerines, 20 percent of Wobbe oranges, 5 percent of other varieties and 56.73 ten thousand tons of yield; the yield reaches 28.25 hundred million yuan, and becomes a bright point for the development of the characteristic agriculture of the Yuxi plateau. Citrus planting in Yuxi city is basically distributed in mountain areas, and most of the soil in mountain areas is red (yellow) soil and purple soil, wherein most of the soil has a pH of 5.5-6.5 (acidic to weak acidic), but the soil has a pH of less than 5.0 from strong acid to extremely strong acid, which accounts for about 25%, and the soil having a pH of 7.5-9.0 from alkaline to strong alkaline, which accounts for 11.4%.
The effective state Fe, mn, zn, cu, B of the alkaline earth (pH 7.5-9.0) has lower content of trace elements, and the antagonism of Ca and B, P and elements such as Zn, P and Fe affects the absorption of trace elements by the rock sugar orange plants, so that physiological diseases such as zinc deficiency, iron deficiency, manganese deficiency and the like occur in the plants, and the yield and quality are affected. As fruit growers plant crystal sugar oranges on the soil by adopting a conventional planting technology, leaves at the upper part of plants are easy to lose green and yellow, whiten and cluster leaves, and the plant is seriously expanded to the whole plant, so that the leaves fall off, the fruits are smaller, and physiological fruit fall is serious.
In order to further promote the healthy and sustainable development of the citrus industry, the inventor develops systematic experimental research and demonstration application in terms of planting soil improvement, nutrition regulation, fertilization and the like in 2016, and summarises and proposes soil and nutrition regulation technology for planting rock sugar oranges in alkaline earth soil with 'acidic organic fertilizer and matrix improvement soil, acidic matched special fertilizer' as cores, so as to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to solve the defects, and provides a regulating and controlling method for planting rock candy oranges in alkali (pH 7.5-9.0) soil.
The application is realized by adopting the following technical scheme.
The application relates to a regulating and controlling method for planting rock sugar oranges in alkaline earth soil, which comprises the steps of using an acidic special matched fertilizer;
the special acidic fertilizer contains nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in different proportions and chelated trace elements;
the special acidic fertilizer comprises three different proportions of fertilizers of type I, type II and type III;
the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium with different proportions are respectively I type N: P 2 O 5 :K 2 O=30:8:8; type II N: P 2 O 5 :K 2 O=18:8:18; type III N P 2 O 5 :K 2 O＝8:8:32。
Furthermore, the regulation and control method for the rock sugar orange planted in the alkaline earth soil comprises an acidic organic fertilizer and an acidic modified matrix.
Further, the chelate trace elements of the application are: chelate iron, chelate manganese, chelate zinc, chelate copper, water-soluble boron, and water-soluble molybdenum.
Furthermore, the special acidic matching fertilizer I is used for the pre-flower fertilizer; the special acidic matched fertilizer II is used for a flower-breaking and fruit-stabilizing fertilizer, and the special acidic matched fertilizer III is used for a fruit-strengthening and tip-promoting fertilizer.
Further, the pH value of the acidic organic fertilizer disclosed by the application is 4.5-5.5, and other indexes meet the technical standards of NY 525-2012 organic fertilizers.
Further, the pH value of the acidic modified substrate is 4.5-5.5, and other indexes meet the technical standard of YC/T310-2009 tobacco floating seedling substrates.
Further, the use method of the acidic organic fertilizer and the acidic modified matrix provided by the application comprises the following steps: a) Before planting the rock sugar oranges, after the pool is beaten, fully and uniformly mixing the rock sugar oranges with pool soil, and then planting; or b) digging fertilizer application grooves near plants of the planted rock sugar oranges, applying the fertilizer application grooves, and returning soil to mix the fertilizer application grooves with the rock sugar oranges uniformly.
Further, the use method of the acidic organic fertilizer and the acidic modified matrix provided by the application comprises the following steps: a) After the pond is beaten before the planting of the rock candy orange, each plant adopts 3 kg-5 kg of acid organic fertilizer, 5L-10L of acid modified matrix and 100 g-500 g of superphosphate, and the plant is planted after being fully and evenly mixed with pond soil; or b) digging fertilizing grooves with the depth of 10 cm-15 cm and the width of 20cm on three sides of the planted rock sugar oranges, applying 3 kg-5 kg of acid organic fertilizer and 5L-10L of acid modified matrix to the grooves according to each plant, and then returning soil and uniformly stirring the soil.
Further, the chelated iron of the application is 200-250 mg/kg calculated by Fe; the chelated manganese is 100-130 mg/kg calculated by Mn; 120-150 mg/kg of chelated zinc calculated by Zn; 80-100 mg/kg of chelated copper calculated by Cu; 50-80 mg/kg of water-soluble boron calculated by B; the water-soluble molybdenum is 0.4-0.6 mg/kg calculated by Mo.
Further, the application method of the special acidic matching fertilizer I comprises the following steps: for the rock sugar orange with the tree age below 5 years, each plant adopts 200 g-300 g of pre-flowering acid special formula fertilizer; for the rock sugar orange with the tree age of more than 5 years, 300-500 g of pre-flowering acid special formula fertilizer is adopted for each plant; carrying out three-side circular application, and watering after covering the surface with fine soil;
the application method of the acid special mating fertilizer II type comprises the following steps: for the rock sugar oranges with the ages of less than 5 years, 300-400 g Xie Huawen fruit acid special formula fertilizer is adopted for each plant; for the rock sugar orange with the tree age of more than 5 years, each plant adopts 400 g-600 g Xie Huawen fruit acid special formula fertilizer; carrying out three-side circular application, and watering after covering the surface with fine soil;
for the rock sugar orange with the tree age below 5 years, 300-500 g of fruit strengthening and tip promoting acidic special formula fertilizer is adopted for each plant; for the rock sugar orange with the tree age of more than 5 years, each plant adopts 400-600 g of special formula fertilizer for strengthening fruits and promoting tips; and (3) carrying out three-side circular application, and watering after covering the surface with fine soil.
The application sprays the instant boron fertilizer (pure boron content 18%) on the leaf surface for 2-3 times with the pesticide while preventing and controlling the plant diseases and insect pests in the using period of the pre-flower fertilizer.
The application has the beneficial effects that 1) the growth characteristics of the rock sugar oranges and the physicochemical properties of the alkaline earth are fully considered; the special acidic fertilizer is designed into I type, II type and III type; and the regulation and control method of the partial alkaline soil is carefully researched by the three types of special acidic fertilizer, and finally the complete use method is established.
2) The three special acidic complete fertilizers are respectively and deeply researched on the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and the chelated trace elements, so that proper chemical indexes are established; the chemical index is matched with biological index of crystal sugar orange, so as to promote planting and growth of crystal sugar orange;
3) The application adopts the soil and nutrition regulation technology for planting the rock candy orange in the alkaline earth soil with the 'acid organic fertilizer and matrix improved soil and acid matched special fertilizer' as cores, and 5 groups of field-like comparison tests and demonstration of a certain area are carried out on the rock candy orange planted in the alkaline earth soil in 2019 to 2020.
The application is further explained below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of a conventional planting method and the technical scheme of the application;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing leaf and fruit performance of a conventional planting method and an orange plant of the present application;
fig. 3 is a graph showing the comparison effect of the rock candy orange orchard before and after the technical scheme of the application is adopted.
Detailed Description
A regulating method for planting rock sugar orange on alkaline earth soil (pH 7.5-9.0).
1. Soil conditioning technology
1) And (3) regulating materials by using alkaline earth soil: for the alkaline soil with the pH value of 7.5-9.0, adopting an acidic organic fertilizer, wherein the pH value is 4.5-5.5, and other indexes meet the technical standard of NY 525-2012 organic fertilizer; the pH value of the acidic modified substrate is 4.5-5.5, and other indexes meet the technical standard of YC/T310-2009 tobacco floating seedling substrates.
2) The using method comprises the following steps: after the pond is beaten before planting the rock candy orange, each plant adopts 3 kg-5 kg of acid organic fertilizer, 5L-10L of acid modified matrix and 100 g-500 g of superphosphate, and the plant is planted after being fully and evenly mixed with pond soil; for the planted rock sugar oranges, fertilizing furrows with the depth of 10 cm-15 cm and the width of 20cm are formed on three sides of plants, 3 kg-5 kg of acid organic fertilizer and 5L-10L of acid modified matrix are applied to the furrows according to each plant, and then soil is returned to be uniformly mixed with the furrows.
2. Plant nutrition regulating and controlling technology
1) The nutrition supply of the rock sugar orange planted in the alkaline earth soil adopts the special acid matching fertilizer
The fertilizer contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and chelated trace elements in different proportions, wherein the nitrogen is mainly ammonium nitrogen, and contains chelated iron (200-250 mg/kg calculated by Fe) and chelated manganese (100-130 mg/kg calculated by Mn); zinc chelate (120-150 mg/kg as Zn), copper chelate (80-100 mg/kg as Cu), water-soluble boron (50-80 mg/kg as B) and water-soluble molybdenum (0.4-0.6 mg/kg as Mo).
The special acidic fertilizer comprises the following components: special formula fertilizer for pre-flowers (N: P) 2 O 5 :K 2 O=30:8:8), xie Huawen fruit special formula fertilizer (N: P) 2 O 5 :K 2 O=18:8:18), and special formula fertilizer (N: P) for strengthening fruits and promoting tips 2 O 5 :K 2 O＝8:8:32)。
2) Application method
(1) Flower fertilizer: for the rock sugar orange with the tree age below 5 years, each plant adopts 200 g-300 g of pre-flowering acid special formula fertilizer (N: P) 2 O 5 :K 2 O=30:8:8); for the rock sugar orange with the tree age of more than 5 years, 300-500 g of pre-flowering acid special formula fertilizer (N: P) is adopted for each plant 2 O 5 :K 2 O=30:8:8); carrying out three-side circular application, and watering after covering the surface with fine soil; the instant boron fertilizer (with 18 percent of pure boron) is sprayed on the leaf surface together with the pesticide for 2 to 3 times while preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests.
(2) Flowers-reducing fruit-stabilizing fertilizer: for the rock candy orange with the tree age below 5 years, 300 g to 400 g of each plant is adoptedAcid special formula fertilizer for Xie Huawen fruits (N: P) 2 O 5 :K 2 O=18:8:18); for the rock sugar orange with the tree age of more than 5 years, each plant adopts 400 g-600 g Xie Huawen fruit acid special formula fertilizer (N: P) 2 O 5 :K 2 O=18:8:18); and (3) carrying out three-side circular application, covering the surface with fine soil, and watering.
(3) Fruit-strengthening and tip-promoting fertilizer: for the rock candy orange with the tree age below 5 years, each plant adopts 300 g-500 g of special acid formula fertilizer (N: P) for strengthening fruits and promoting tips 2 O 5 :K 2 O=8:8:32); for the rock candy orange with the tree age of more than 5 years, each plant adopts 400 g-600 g of special acid formula fertilizer (N: P) for strengthening fruits and promoting tips 2 O 5 :K 2 O=8:8:32); and (3) carrying out three-side circular application, covering the surface with fine soil, and watering.
Application effects
Adopts the soil and nutrition regulation technology of planting rock sugar oranges in alkaline earth soil with the 'acidic organic fertilizer and matrix improved soil and acidic matched special fertilizer' as cores. 5 groups of field comparison tests and demonstration of a certain area are carried out on the rock candy orange planted in the alkaline earth soil in 2019 to 2020.
1. The test adopts the soil and nutrition regulation technology for planting the rock sugar oranges in the alkaline earth soil with the 'acid organic fertilizer and matrix improved soil and acid matched special fertilizer' as cores, and compared with the conventional planting method:
1) The rock candy orange plants which adopt soil for planting rock candy oranges in alkaline earth and nutrition regulation technology have luxuriant branches and leaves, green leaves, normal growth and developed root systems; the rock candy orange plant adopting the conventional planting method has the advantages that the upper leaves show green-off yellowing, whitening and lobule clustering, the leaves are seriously expanded to the whole plant, and the leaves fall off and the fruits are smaller (see figures 1-3).
Fig. 1: planting 1 month in 2015, shooting 10 months and 16 days in 2020.
The left graph shows the long phase of the rock sugar orange plants under the alkaline soil by the conventional planting method: the upper leaves showed off-green yellowing, whitening and were small She Congsheng; the plant is seriously expanded to the whole plant, and the result is less;
the right graph shows the long phase of the rock sugar orange plant under the alkaline soil by adopting the technical scheme of the application: plants grew normally. The branches and leaves are luxuriant, the leaves are green, and the result is many.
Fig. 2: and 5, setting a value 1 month in 2015, and shooting 10 months and 16 days in 2020.
The left graph shows the long-term phase of leaves and fruits of the rock sugar orange plant in the alkaline soil by the conventional planting method: leaf yellowing and leaflet clustering, with few and small results;
the right graph shows the long phase of the rock candy orange leaves and fruits under the alkaline soil by adopting the technical scheme of the application: the leaves are green, the result is many, and big.
Fig. 3: planting 1 month in 2015, shooting 11 months 20 in 2018 on the left image, and shooting 10 months 16 in 2020 on the right image.
The left graph shows that under the alkaline earth soil, the fixed value of the rock sugar orange orchard is about 4 years, and the upper leaves of the rock sugar orange plant show green-off yellowing and whitening and are small She Congsheng; the plant is seriously expanded to the whole plant, and the result is less. The fruit growers are very annoying, but there is no control method.
The right graph is the same orchard as the left graph, and the growth phase of the rock candy orange plants in the orchard is carried out in the period from 1 month in 2019 to 2020: the growth is normal, branches and leaves are luxuriant, the leaves are green, and the result is many and big.
2) The number of single plant results, the diameter of single plant, the weight of single plant, the single plant yield and the sugar degree of the rock candy orange plant planted by the alkaline earth soil and the nutrition regulation technology are all remarkably improved compared with those of the conventional planting method (see table 1). After 2015, the soil and nutrition regulation technology of planting the rock candy orange by using the alkaline earth soil is adopted, the number of single plant results is 149.6, the single plant yield is 29.9 kg, and the sugar degree is 11.8%, and the number of controls adopting the conventional planting method is 133.0, 23.2 kg and 11.2%, wherein the number of the single plant results is respectively improved by 12.5%, 28.9% and 6.6% compared with the number of the single plant results (see table 1).
Table 1 soil and nutrient control effects of the partial alkaline earth soil into which rock sugar oranges were planted were compared 2015 values (average of 5 groups)
| Project | Number of single plant fruits | Fruit diameter (mm) | Single fruit weight (g) | Single plant yield (kg) | Sugar degree (Brix%) |
| Crystal sugar orange regulating technique (A) | 149.6±17.4 | 71.2±0.06 | 200.0±4.2 | 29.9±3.7 | 11.8±0.1 |
| Conventional planting methods (B) | 133.0±14.6 | 67.7±0.4 | 174.7±2.6 | 23.2±2.8 | 11.2±0.2 |
| A is greater than B + -amount | 16.6 | 3.5 | 25.3 | 6.7 | 0.6 |
| A is less than B +/% | 12.5 | 5.2 | 14.5 | 28.9 | 6.6 |
| t value | 9.558** | 13.905** | 13.905** | 13.007** | 16.179** |
Note that: arranging 5 strains for each treatment test, and carrying out t test analysis by taking a group as a unit, wherein the x in a t value column is an extremely significant mark; t is t 0.05,4 ＝2.776；t 0.01,4 ＝4.604。
2. 1636 mu demonstration results show that the soil and nutrition regulation technology for planting the rock sugar oranges in the alkaline earth soil with the 'acidic organic fertilizer and matrix improved soil and acidic matched special fertilizer' as cores is adopted, compared with a non-demonstration area, the average single plant yield is increased by 4.7 kg-8.2 kg, the yield increase range is 22.1% -34.2%, and the effect is remarkable.
The foregoing is only a few specific embodiments of the present application (since the embodiments of the present application are not intended to be exhaustive, the scope of the application is defined by the description of the application and other technical gist of the application), and the details or common sense of the prior art are not described in any detail herein. It should be noted that the above embodiments do not limit the present application in any way, and it is within the scope of the present application for those skilled in the art to obtain the technical solution by equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation. The protection scope of the present application is subject to the content of the claims, and the description of the specific embodiments and the like in the specification can be used for explaining the content of the claims.
Claims (4)
1. A regulation and control method for planting rock sugar oranges in alkaline earth soil is characterized in that the regulation and control method for planting rock sugar oranges in alkaline earth soil comprises the steps of using an acidic special matched fertilizer;
the special acidic fertilizer contains nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in different proportions and chelated trace elements;
the special acidic fertilizer comprises three nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizers with different proportions of I type, II type and III type;
the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium with different proportions are respectively I type N: P 2 O 5 :K 2 O=30:8:8; type II N: P 2 O 5 :K 2 O=18:8:18; type III N P 2 O 5 :K 2 O=8:8:32；
The chelate trace elements are as follows: chelate iron, chelate manganese, chelate zinc, chelate copper, water-soluble boron, and water-soluble molybdenum; the special acidic fertilizer I is used for the pre-flower fertilizer; the special acidic matched fertilizer II is used for a flower-breaking and fruit-stabilizing fertilizer, and the special acidic matched fertilizer III is used for a fruit-strengthening and tip-promoting fertilizer;
the regulation and control method for planting the rock sugar orange in the alkaline earth soil comprises the steps of using an acidic organic fertilizer and an acidic modified matrix;
the pH value of the acidic organic fertilizer is 4.5-5.5, and other indexes meet the technical standard of the NY 525-2012 organic fertilizer;
the pH value of the acid modified substrate is 4.5-5.5, and other indexes meet the technical standard of YC/T310-2009 tobacco floating seedling substrates;
the application method of the acidic organic fertilizer and the acidic modified matrix comprises the following steps: 3 kg-5 kg of acid organic fertilizer, 5L-10L of acid modified matrix and 100 g-500 g of superphosphate are adopted in each plant, or 3 kg-5 kg of acid organic fertilizer and 5L-10L of acid modified matrix are adopted in each plant;
the application method of the acid special mating fertilizer I type comprises the following steps: for the rock sugar oranges with the ages of less than 5 years, each plant adopts 200-300 g of pre-flowering acid special formula fertilizer; for the rock sugar orange with the tree age of more than 5 years, 300-500 g of pre-flowering acid special formula fertilizer is adopted for each plant; carrying out three-side circular application, and watering after covering the surface with fine soil;
the application method of the acid special mating fertilizer II type comprises the following steps: for the rock sugar oranges with the ages of less than 5 years, 300-400 g Xie Huawen fruit acid special formula fertilizer is adopted for each plant; for the rock sugar orange with the tree age of more than 5 years, each plant adopts 400 g-600 g Xie Huawen fruit acid special formula fertilizer; carrying out three-side circular application, and watering after covering the surface with fine soil;
for the rock sugar orange with the tree age below 5 years, 300-500 g of the special acidic formula fertilizer for strengthening fruits and promoting tips is adopted for each plant; for the rock sugar orange with the tree age of more than 5 years, each plant adopts 400-600 g of special formula fertilizer for strengthening fruits and promoting tips; and (3) carrying out three-side circular application, and watering after covering the surface with fine soil.
2. The method for regulating and controlling the rock sugar orange planted in the alkaline earth soil according to claim 1, wherein the using method of the acidic organic fertilizer and the acidic modified matrix is as follows: a) Before planting the rock sugar oranges, after the pool is beaten, fully and uniformly mixing the rock sugar oranges with pool soil, and then planting; or b) digging fertilizer application grooves near plants of the planted rock sugar oranges, applying the fertilizer application grooves, and returning soil to mix the fertilizer application grooves with the rock sugar oranges uniformly.
3. The method for regulating and controlling the rock sugar orange planted in the alkaline earth soil according to claim 2, wherein the using method of the acidic organic fertilizer and the acidic modified matrix is as follows: a) After a pond is beaten before planting of the rock candy orange, each plant adopts 3 kg-5 kg of acid organic fertilizer, 5L-10L of acid modified matrix and 100 g-500 g of calcium superphosphate, and the plant is planted after being fully and uniformly mixed with pond soil; or b) digging fertilization ditches with the depth of 10 cm-15 cm and the width of 20cm on three sides of the planted rock candy orange, applying 3 kg-5 kg of acid organic fertilizer and 5L-10L of acid modified substrate to the ditches according to each plant, and returning soil and uniformly stirring the soil.
4. The method for regulating and controlling the rock sugar orange planted in the alkaline earth according to claim 1, wherein the chelated iron is 200-250 mg/kg calculated by Fe; the chelated manganese is 100-130 mg/kg calculated by Mn; the chelated zinc is 120-150 mg/kg calculated by Zn; 80-100 mg/kg of chelated copper calculated by Cu; 50-80 mg/kg of water-soluble boron calculated by B; the water-soluble molybdenum is 0.4-0.6 mg/kg calculated by Mo.
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