CN112921640A - 一种阻燃织带的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及织带的制备领域,公开了一种阻燃织带的制备方法,包括如下步骤:(1)将氯化锂溶液在超声雾化箱进行雾化,将纺织纤维传送经过超声雾化箱,使得氯化锂溶液对纺织纤维的表面进行浸润、改性,之后进行烘干,得到改性纤维;(2)将阻燃溶液通过静电喷涂于步骤(1)得到的改性纤维的表面,之后进行烘干得到阻燃纤维,(3)将阻燃纤维编织成织带,得到阻燃织带,通过本发明制备的阻燃织带,织带表面形成的阻燃层,阻燃层与纺织纤维结合牢固,步骤简单方便,避免了传统方法大量污水的产生。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及织带的制备领域,特别是一种阻燃织带的制备方法。
背景技术
随着人们生活水平的提高及消防意识的增强,对家庭装饰用纺织面料的阻燃要求也越来越高。阻燃纺织品在延缓火灾扩大的同时,还可使人们有时间撤离或采取措施灭火。因此,为阻止火灾的发生对纺织品进行阻燃整理变得尤为重要。
目前,多采用将阻燃剂与纤维分子链进行接枝、共聚等方法或对纤维或纺织成品进行浸渍、浸轧等方法进行改性,前者工艺较复杂,且影响织物的强度,而后者工艺虽简易却大量消耗水、热等能源,且使用设备占用较大的面积,并且排放出大量污水,阻燃剂也会有一定程度的浪费。
发明内容
为此,需要提供一种阻燃织带的制备方法,解决现有成品纺织面料浸渍、浸轧改性时,成本较高,污水排放量大的问题。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了一种阻燃织带的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将氯化锂溶液在超声雾化箱进行雾化,将纺织纤维传送经过超声雾化箱,使得氯化锂溶液对纺织纤维的表面进行浸润、改性,之后进入烘干机进行烘干,得到改性纤维;
(2)将阻燃溶液通过静电喷涂于步骤(1)得到的改性纤维的表面,之后进入烘干机进行烘干,得到阻燃纤维;
(3)将阻燃纤维编织成织带,得到阻燃织带,所述阻燃溶液中按重量份数计包括:5-10份纳米氢氧化铝、3-5份纳米氢氧化镁、1-2份纳米三氧化二锑、 3-10份壳聚糖、20-30份去离子水。
进一步,步骤(1)中,氯化锂溶液的溶剂为乙醇,所述氯化锂溶液的浓度为1wt%-10wt%。
进一步,所述阻燃溶液按重量组分包括8份纳米氢氧化铝、5份纳米氢氧化镁、1份纳米三氧化二锑、8份壳聚糖、25份去离子水,所述氯化锂溶液的浓度为5wt%。
进一步,步骤(1)中,超声频率为50-70KHz,所述纺织纤维经过超声雾化箱的时间为2-10min。
进一步,纳米氢氧化铝的平均粒径为25-50nm,纳米氢氧化镁的平均粒径为25-50nm,纳米三氧化二锑的平均粒径为25-50nm。
进一步,步骤(2)中,进行静电喷涂时,喷涂间距为80-100mm,喷涂电压为150V-200V。
进一步,步骤(1)中,烘干机保持在惰性气体的氛围内进行烘干,烘干的温度为90-110℃,烘干时间为10-30s。
进一步,步骤(2)中,烘干的温度为120-150℃,烘干时间为30-60s。
进一步,所述阻燃织带为纬编结构。纬编结构包括平针织物、罗纹织物和畦编织物,纬编结构具有高能量吸收性,有较好的弹性和延伸形。
进一步,所述纺织纤维的材料为涤纶或锦纶。
上述技术方案具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明中,在进行阻燃改性之前,使用氯化锂溶液对纺织纤维进行改性,且改性时,氯化锂溶液以雾滴的形式接触纺织纤维的表面,纺织纤维的表面更容易被雾化的氯化锂溶液浸润、改性,且超声对氯化锂与纺织纤维表面的结合具有一定的激励作用,氯化锂改性完之后,纺织纤维的表面粗糙度增加、表面活性基团也增加,另外,纺织纤维的力学性能也相应的增加。
(2)本发明中,纺织纤维进行改性时,阻燃溶液通过静电喷涂的方式,在纺织纤维的表面形成一层阻燃层,纺织纤维表面的活性基团能够与阻燃溶液的各种主要成分相结合,使得阻燃层结合牢固,另外,使用静电喷涂方式避免了大量废水的产生,整个生产过程绿色、环保、无污染。
具体实施方式
为详细说明技术方案的技术内容、构造特征、所实现目的及效果,以下结合具体实施例详予说明。
实施例1
一种阻燃织带的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将5wt%氯化锂乙醇溶液在超声雾化箱进行雾化,将纺织纤维传送经过超声雾化箱,超声频率为60KHz,所述纺织纤维经过超声雾化箱的时间为 8min,使得氯化锂乙醇溶液对纺织纤维的表面进行浸润、改性,之后通过烘干室进行烘干,烘干室保持在惰性气体的气体氛围内进行烘干,烘干的温度为100℃,烘干时间为20s,惰性气体为氮气,得到改性纤维;
(2)使用静电喷涂设备将阻燃溶液通过静电喷涂于步骤(1)得到的改性纤维的表面,进行静电喷涂时,阻燃溶液的喷涂出口与改性纤维表面的喷涂间距为90mm,喷涂电压为170V,之后改性纤维进入烘干机进行烘干,得到阻燃纤维,烘干的温度为130℃,烘干时间为40s;
(3)将阻燃纤维罗纹编织成织带,得到阻燃织带。
所述阻燃溶液中按重量份数计包括:8份纳米氢氧化铝、5份纳米氢氧化镁、1份纳米三氧化二锑、8份壳聚糖、25份去离子水。
纳米氢氧化铝的平均粒径为25nm,纳米氢氧化镁的平均粒径为25nm,纳米三氧化二锑的平均粒径为25nm。
本实施例中纺织纤维的材料为涤纶。
实施例2
一种阻燃织带的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将1%wt氯化锂乙醇溶液在超声雾化箱进行雾化,将纺织纤维传送经过超声雾化箱,超声频率为50KHz,所述纺织纤维经过超声雾化箱的时间为 10min,使得氯化锂乙醇溶液对纺织纤维的表面进行浸润、改性,之后通过烘干室进行烘干,烘干室保持在惰性气体的气体氛围内进行烘干,烘干的温度为90℃,烘干时间为30s,惰性气体为氮气,得到改性纤维;
(2)使用静电喷涂设备将阻燃溶液通过静电喷涂于步骤(1)得到的改性纤维的表面,进行静电喷涂时,阻燃溶液的喷涂出口与改性纤维表面的喷涂间距为80mm,喷涂电压为150V,之后改性纤维进入烘干机进行烘干,得到阻燃纤维,烘干的温度为120℃,烘干时间为60s;
(3)将阻燃纤维罗纹编织成织带,得到阻燃织带。
所述阻燃溶液中按重量份数计包括:5份纳米氢氧化铝、3份纳米氢氧化镁、1份纳米三氧化二锑、3份壳聚糖、20份去离子水。
纳米氢氧化铝的平均粒径为25nm,纳米氢氧化镁的平均粒径为25nm,纳米三氧化二锑的平均粒径为25nm。
本实施例中纺织纤维的材料为涤纶。
实施例3
一种阻燃织带的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将10%wt氯化锂乙醇溶液在超声雾化箱进行雾化,将纺织纤维传送经过超声雾化箱,超声频率为70KHz,所述纺织纤维经过超声雾化箱的时间为 2min,使得氯化锂乙醇溶液对纺织纤维的表面进行浸润、改性,之后通过烘干室进行烘干,烘干室保持在惰性气体的气体氛围内进行烘干,烘干的温度为110℃,烘干时间为10s,惰性气体为氮气,得到改性纤维;
(2)使用静电喷涂设备将阻燃溶液通过静电喷涂于步骤(1)得到的改性纤维的表面,进行静电喷涂时,喷涂间距为100mm,喷涂电压为200V,之后改性纤维进入烘干机进行烘干,得到阻燃纤维,烘干的温度为150℃,烘干时间为30s;
(3)将阻燃纤维罗纹编织成织带,得到阻燃织带。
所述阻燃溶液中按重量份数计包括:10份纳米氢氧化铝、5份纳米氢氧化镁、2份纳米三氧化二锑、10份壳聚糖、30份去离子水。
纳米氢氧化铝的平均粒径为50nm,纳米氢氧化镁的平均粒径为50nm,纳米三氧化二锑的平均粒径为50nm。
本实施例中纺织纤维的材料为涤纶。
实施例4
一种阻燃织带的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将5wt%氯化锂乙醇溶液在超声雾化箱进行雾化,将纺织纤维传送经过超声雾化箱,超声频率为60KHz,所述纺织纤维经过超声雾化箱的时间为 8min,使得氯化锂乙醇溶液对纺织纤维的表面进行浸润、改性,之后通过烘干室进行烘干,烘干室保持在惰性气体的气体氛围内进行烘干,烘干的温度为100℃,烘干时间为20s,惰性气体为氮气,得到改性纤维;
(2)使用静电喷涂设备将阻燃溶液通过静电喷涂于步骤(1)得到的改性纤维的表面,进行静电喷涂时,阻燃溶液的喷涂出口与改性纤维表面的喷涂间距为90mm,喷涂电压为170V,之后改性纤维进入烘干机进行烘干,得到阻燃纤维,烘干的温度为130℃,烘干时间为40s;
(3)将阻燃纤维罗纹编织成织带,得到阻燃织带。所述阻燃溶液中按重量份数计包括:8份纳米氢氧化铝、5份纳米氢氧化镁、1份纳米三氧化二锑、 8份壳聚糖、25份去离子水。
纳米氢氧化铝的平均粒径为25nm,纳米氢氧化镁的平均粒径为25nm,纳米三氧化二锑的平均粒径为25nm。
本实施例中纺织纤维的材料为锦纶。
实施例5
一种阻燃织带的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)使用静电喷涂设备将阻燃溶液通过静电喷涂于纺织纤维的表面,进行静电喷涂时,阻燃溶液的喷涂出口与纺织纤维表面的喷涂间距为90mm,喷涂电压为170V,之后织带进入烘干机进行烘干,得到阻燃织带,烘干的温度为130℃,烘干时间为40s。
(2)将阻燃纤维罗纹编织成织带,得到阻燃织带。
所述阻燃溶液中按重量份数计包括:8份纳米氢氧化铝、5份纳米氢氧化镁、1份纳米三氧化二锑、8份壳聚糖、25份去离子水。
纳米氢氧化铝的平均粒径为25nm,纳米氢氧化镁的平均粒径为25nm,纳米三氧化二锑的平均粒径为25nm。本实施例中织带的材料为涤纶,织带为纬编结构。
对照组1:涤纶罗纹编织成织带,对照组2:锦纶罗纹编织成织带。
实施例1-5生产的阻燃织带和对照组1-2,通过GB/T5454-1997《纺织品燃烧性能测定-氧指数测定法》测定各个实施例生产的织带的氧指数,极限氧指数是判断材料阻燃性的常用指标,指在规定试验条件下,使材料恰好能保持燃烧状态所需氮氧混合气体中氧的最低浓度。根据,极限氧指数(LOI)大小,纺织品的燃烧性能可分为4级:易燃(LOI<20%)、可燃(20%≤LOI <26%)、难燃(26%≤LOI<30%)和不燃(LOI≥30%)。
实施1-4和对照组1-2生产织带还拉伸强度测试,
上述实验结果如表1所示
表1.检测数据。
纺织纤维材料 | 极限氧指数/% | 拉伸强度/kN | |
实施例1 | 涤纶 | 43 | 18.36 |
实施例2 | 涤纶 | 35 | 16.56 |
实施例3 | 涤纶 | 37 | 15.38 |
实施例4 | 锦纶 | 40 | 15.47 |
实施例5 | 涤纶 | 33 | 13.43 |
对照组1 | 涤纶 | 20 | 13.28 |
对照组2 | 锦纶 | 22 | 12.48 |
由表1表明,通过本发明制备的织带其燃烧性能均能够达到了“不燃”等级,且生产的织带具有较强的拉伸强度。
需要说明的是,在本文中,诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来,而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且,术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含,从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者终端设备不仅包括那些要素,而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素,或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者终端设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下,由语句“包括……”或“包含……”限定的要素,并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者终端设备中还存在另外的要素。此外,在本文中,“大于”、“小于”、“超过”等理解为不包括本数;“以上”、“以下”、“以内”等理解为包括本数。
尽管已经对上述各实施例进行了描述,但本领域内的技术人员一旦得知了基本创造性概念,则可对这些实施例做出另外的变更和修改,所以以上所述仅为本发明的实施例,并非因此限制本发明的专利保护范围,凡是利用本发明说明书内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换,或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域,均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种阻燃织带的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)将氯化锂溶液在超声雾化箱进行雾化,将纺织纤维传送经过超声雾化箱,使得氯化锂溶液对纺织纤维进行浸润、改性,之后进入烘干机进行烘干,得到改性纤维;
(2)将阻燃溶液通过静电喷涂于步骤(1)得到的改性纤维的表面,之后进入烘干机进行烘干,得到阻燃纤维;
(3)将阻燃纤维编织成织带,得到阻燃织带,
所述阻燃溶液中按重量份数计包括:5-10份纳米氢氧化铝、3-5份纳米氢氧化镁、1-2份纳米三氧化二锑、3-10份壳聚糖、20-30份去离子水。
2.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,氯化锂溶液的溶剂为乙醇,所述氯化锂溶液的浓度为1wt%-10wt%。
3.如权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述阻燃溶液按重量组分包括8份纳米氢氧化铝、5份纳米氢氧化镁、1份纳米三氧化二锑、8份壳聚糖、25份去离子水,所述氯化锂溶液的浓度为5wt%。
4.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,超声频率为50-70KHz,所述纺织纤维经过超声雾化箱的时间为2-10min。
5.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,纳米氢氧化铝的平均粒径为25-50nm,纳米氢氧化镁的平均粒径为25-50nm,纳米三氧化二锑的平均粒径为25-50nm。
6.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,进行静电喷涂时,喷涂间距为80-100mm,喷涂电压为150V-200V。
7.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,烘干机保持在惰性气体的氛围内进行烘干,烘干的温度为90-110℃,烘干时间为10-30s。
8.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,烘干的温度为120-150℃,烘干时间为30-60s。
9.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述阻燃织带为纬编结构。
10.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述纺织纤维的材料为涤纶或锦纶。
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