CN109423883B - 一种阻燃超高分子量聚乙烯织物的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种阻燃超高分子量聚乙烯织物的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属功能织物制备技术领域。一种阻燃超高分子量聚乙烯织物的制备方法,步骤一、超高分子量聚乙烯织物的表面除杂,步骤二、超高分子量聚乙烯织物的活化预处理,步骤三、阻燃液的配置,步骤四、阻燃超高分子量聚乙烯织物的制备,将活化后的超高分子量聚乙烯织物浸泡在阻燃工作液中,采用三浸三压的方法对织物进行处理,最后将处理好的织物于80℃下烘干6h。本发明方法制备的阻燃超高分子量聚乙烯织物,极限氧指数(LOI)从未处理前的17.2(易燃)提高到24以上(阻燃)。
Description
技术领域
本发明属功能织物制备技术领域,涉及一种阻燃超高分子量聚乙烯织物的制备方法,旨在用一种绿色环保、实用高效、工艺简单的方法改善超高分子量聚乙烯织物的阻燃性能。
背景技术
随着科学技术的发展,人们对纺织品的要求也越来越高。超高分子量聚乙烯(UHWMPE)纤维由于其质量轻,拉伸强度极大、耐冲击性好、耐磨性好等优点,与芳纶,碳纤维合成当今世上的三大“高性能纤维”。其制品在纺织、军事、农业、建筑等领域都有广泛应用。但其阻燃性差,极限氧指数极低,仅为17,属于易燃织物,这无疑给人们的生命财产安全造成了极大的威胁。
由于超高分子质量聚乙烯的主链是线型长链亚甲基,结构对称,使其呈现出高度化学惰性,表面极其光滑,因此其改性一直是本领域的重大难题。目前对超高分子量聚乙烯织物阻燃改性主要通过对织物进行后整理。
专利CN 105133324A用超高分子量聚乙烯和无机微粒助剂采用冻胶纺丝法制成的超高分子量聚乙烯织物,并在织物上喷涂乳胶涂层后制成织带,最后上阻燃液涂层制成了阻燃超高分子量聚乙烯织带。
专利CN 106087445A提供了一种阻燃超高分子量聚乙烯织物及其制备方法,首先将超高分子量聚乙烯织物在质量分数为20-30%的阻燃剂溶液中二浸二轧,轧液率70%,然后在60℃将织物烘干;再利用质量分数为10%-20%的聚偏氟乙烯溶液对织物表面进行涂层,在将涂层织物烘干后即制得阻燃超高分子量聚乙烯织物织物。
文献“超高分子量聚乙烯织物的浸压阻燃整理”首先用间苯二酚双 (二苯基磷酸酯)(RDP),甲基膦酸二甲酯DMMP,丙酮和硫脲配置了阻燃工作液,然后用二浸二压的方法得到阻燃超高分子量聚乙烯织物。
上述的各类方法中,直接通过涂层、浸压等后整理方法对织物和织物进行阻燃整理的普遍缺陷就是耐久性差,阻燃效率低,且往往会损害织物或织物本身的手感和物化性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有的超高分子量聚乙烯织物阻燃改性的不足,提供一种简单实用的阻燃超高分子量聚乙烯织物的制备方法。
本发明所采用的技术方案是:一种阻燃超高分子量聚乙烯织物的制备方法,按照如下的步骤进行(本发明中的织物是指编织物)
步骤一、超高分子量聚乙烯织物的表面除杂,将超高分子量聚乙烯(相对分子量大于等于100万)织物浸泡在无水乙醇或丙酮中,40℃下超声处理0.5~1h后自然晾干;
步骤二、超高分子量聚乙烯织物的活化预处理,将除杂后的超高分子量聚乙烯织物浸泡在预先配置好的活化液中,先在常温下机械搅拌3~4h,搅拌转速为150r/min,搅拌完毕后再继续浸泡3~4h,取出后沥干织物上的液体待用;
步骤三、阻燃液的配置:将阻燃剂均匀分散于聚乙二醇400中,再加入适量钛酸四丁酯,常温下搅拌0.5h,搅拌转速为300r/min,所得的阻燃工作液外观为黑色悬浊液;
步骤四、阻燃超高分子量聚乙烯织物的制备,将活化后的超高分子量聚乙烯织物浸泡在阻燃工作液中,采用三浸三压的方法对织物进行处理,最后将处理好的织物于80℃下烘干6h。
作为一种优选方式:步骤二中,所述的活化液为钛酸四丁酯和亚磷酸酸三苯酯的均匀混合液,其中,钛酸四丁酯的质量分数为织物质量的3%~5%,亚磷酸酸三苯酯的用量为刚好浸没织物为佳。
作为一种优选方式:步骤三中,所述的阻燃剂为由碳微球CMSs和氢氧化镁MH构成的复合型阻燃剂MH@CMSs,该阻燃剂为灰色颗粒,氢氧化镁包覆在碳微球表面,粒度约为800nm,m(CMSs):m(MH)≈4:1;阻燃剂的质量分数占聚乙二醇质量的2%~6%,最优质量分数为2%~4%;钛酸四丁酯的用量应为阻燃剂质量的0.5%~1%。
作为一种优选方式:阻燃剂的质量分数占聚乙二醇质量的2%~4%。
作为一种优选方式:步骤四中,所述的三次浸泡阻燃液的时间分别为10~12h,1~2h,40~60min,三次压辊压力均为0.1MPa。
本发明所述的阻燃超高分子量聚乙烯织物的制备方法避免了目前超高分子量聚乙烯织物阻燃改性方法的弊端,首先对织物进行改性除杂和活化,克服了超高分子量聚乙烯纤维表面惰性高、不易处理的缺陷,保证了阻燃改性的有效进行;采用钛酸四丁酯和亚磷酸酸三苯酯的混合液作为活化液,不仅能有效提高超高分子量聚乙烯织物的表面活性和粘附性,还能提高超高分子量聚乙烯织物的耐热性,提升阻燃效果,利用亚磷酸酸三苯酯中的阻燃磷元素和无机阻燃剂形成协同作用,最终提高阻燃效率。其次,采用无机阻燃剂-MH@CMSs、偶联剂-钛酸四丁酯和分散剂-聚乙二醇400配置阻燃液,具有性质稳定,粘附性强,无毒无害、阻燃效率高的优点能有效的粘附于超高分子量聚乙烯织物表面并发挥阻燃效果;另外,制备工艺简单,整个过程对环境友好无危害。
以本发明方法制备的阻燃超高分子量聚乙烯织物,极限氧指数(LOI)从未处理前的17.2(易燃)提高到24以上(阻燃),且该处理方法对织物的其他原有性能基本没有影响,是一种性能优良的阻燃织物,能够满足环保和实际使用的需求。
附图说明
图1未处理的超高分子量聚乙烯织物的扫描电镜图。
图2实施例1中超高分子量聚乙烯织物的扫描电镜图。
图3实施例2中超高分子量聚乙烯织物的扫描电镜图。
图4实施例3中超高分子量聚乙烯织物的扫描电镜图。
具体实施方式
下述实施例仅为本发明的优选技术方案,并不用于对本发明进行任何限制。对于本领域技术人员而言,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
实施例1:
1) 超高分子量聚乙烯织物的表面除杂:将超高分子量聚乙烯织物浸泡在无水乙醇中,40℃下超声处理1h后自然晾干;
2) 超高分子量聚乙烯织物的活化预处理:将除杂后的超高分子量聚乙烯织物浸泡在由钛酸四丁酯和亚磷酸酸三苯酯混合配置成的活化液中,其中钛酸四丁酯的质量分数为织物质量的5%;先在常温下机械搅拌3h,搅拌转速为150r/min,搅拌完毕后再继续浸泡4h,取出后沥干织物上的液体待用;
3) 阻燃液的配置:将阻燃剂MH@CMSs均匀分散于聚乙二醇400中,其中,阻燃剂的质量分数应占聚乙二醇质量的2%,再加入占阻燃剂质量1%的钛酸四丁酯作为偶联剂,常温下搅拌0.5h,搅拌转速为300r/min,即得的阻燃工作液;
4) 阻燃超高分子量聚乙烯织物的制备:将活化后的超高分子量聚乙烯织物浸泡在阻燃工作液中,采用三浸三压的方法对织物进行处理,三次浸泡阻燃液的时间分别为12h,1h,40min,三次压辊压力均为0.1Mpa,最后将处理好的织物于80℃下烘干6h;
上述方法制备的阻燃超高分子量聚乙烯织物(见图2),极限氧指数为24.0,能达到阻燃级别。
实施例2:
1) 超高分子量聚乙烯织物的表面除杂:将超高分子量聚乙烯织物浸泡在丙酮中,40℃下超声处理1h后自然晾干;
2) 超高分子量聚乙烯织物的活化预处理:将除杂后的超高分子量聚乙烯织物浸泡在由钛酸四丁酯和亚磷酸酸三苯酯混合配置成的活化液中,其中钛酸四丁酯的质量分数为织物质量的5%;先在常温下机械搅拌3h,搅拌转速为150r/min,搅拌完毕后再继续浸泡3h,取出后沥干织物上的液体待用;
3) 阻燃液的配置:将阻燃剂MH@CMSs均匀分散于聚乙二醇400中,其中,阻燃剂的质量分数应占聚乙二醇质量的4%,再加入占阻燃剂质量1%的钛酸四丁酯作为偶联剂,常温下搅拌0.5h,搅拌转速为300r/min,即得的阻燃工作液;
4) 阻燃超高分子量聚乙烯织物的制备:将活化后的超高分子量聚乙烯织物浸泡在阻燃工作液中,采用三浸三压的方法对织物进行处理,三次浸泡阻燃液的时间分别为10h,2h,40min,三次压辊压力均为0.1Mpa,最后将处理好的织物于80℃下烘干6h;
上述方法制备的阻燃超高分子量聚乙烯织物(见图3),极限氧指数为24.2,能达到阻燃级别。
实施例3:
1) 超高分子量聚乙烯织物的表面除杂:将超高分子量聚乙烯织物浸泡在无水乙醇中,40℃下超声处理1h后自然晾干;
2) 超高分子量聚乙烯织物的活化预处理:将除杂后的超高分子量聚乙烯维浸泡在由钛酸四丁酯和亚磷酸酸三苯酯混合配置成的活化液中,其中钛酸四丁酯的质量分数为织物质量的5%;先在常温下机械搅拌4h,搅拌转速为150r/min,搅拌完毕后再继续浸泡4h,取出后沥干织物上的液体待用;
3) 阻燃液的配置:将阻燃剂MH@CMSs均匀分散于聚乙二醇400中,其中,阻燃剂的质量分数应占聚乙二醇质量的6%,再加入占阻燃剂质量1%的钛酸四丁酯作为偶联剂,常温下搅拌0.5h,搅拌转速为300r/min,即得的阻燃工作液;
4) 阻燃超高分子量聚乙烯织物的制备:将活化后的超高分子量聚乙烯织物浸泡在阻燃工作液中,采用三浸三压的方法对织物进行处理,三次浸泡阻燃液的时间分别为11h,2h,60min,三次压辊压力均为0.1Mpa,最后将处理好的织物于80℃下烘干6h;
上述方法制备的阻燃超高分子量聚乙烯织物(见图4),极限氧指数为24.0,能达到阻燃级别。
Claims (3)
1.一种阻燃超高分子量聚乙烯织物的制备方法,其特征在于:按照如下的步骤进行
步骤一、超高分子量聚乙烯织物的表面除杂,将超高分子量聚乙烯织物浸泡在无水乙醇或丙酮中,40℃下超声处理0.5~1h后自然晾干;
步骤二、超高分子量聚乙烯织物的活化预处理,将除杂后的超高分子量聚乙烯织物浸泡在预先配置好的活化液中,先在常温下机械搅拌3~4h,搅拌转速为150r/min,搅拌完毕后再继续浸泡3~4h,取出后沥干织物上的液体待用,所述的活化液为钛酸四丁酯和亚磷酸三苯酯的均匀混合液,其中,钛酸四丁酯的质量分数为织物质量的3%~5%,亚磷酸三苯酯的用量为刚好浸没织物为佳;
步骤三、阻燃液的配置:将阻燃剂均匀分散于聚乙二醇400中,再加入适量钛酸四丁酯,常温下搅拌0.5h,搅拌转速为300r/min,所得的阻燃工作液外观为黑色悬浊液,所述的阻燃剂为由碳微球CMSs和氢氧化镁MH构成的复合型阻燃剂MH@CMSs,该阻燃剂为灰色颗粒,氢氧化镁包覆在碳微球表面,粒度为800nm,m(CMSs):m(MH)=4:1;阻燃剂的质量分数占聚乙二醇质量的2%~6%;
步骤四、阻燃超高分子量聚乙烯织物的制备,将活化后的超高分子量聚乙烯织物浸泡在阻燃工作液中,采用三浸三轧的方法对织物进行处理,最后将处理好的织物于80℃下烘干6h。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种阻燃超高分子量聚乙烯织物的制备方法,其特征在于:阻燃剂的质量分数占聚乙二醇质量的2%~4%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种阻燃超高分子量聚乙烯织物的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤四中,所述的三浸三轧的三次浸泡阻燃液的时间分别为10~12h,1~2h,40~60min,三次压辊压力均为0.1MPa。
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