CN112903971A - Leaching test device and leaching capacity test method using same - Google Patents
Leaching test device and leaching capacity test method using same Download PDFInfo
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- CN112903971A CN112903971A CN202110161486.7A CN202110161486A CN112903971A CN 112903971 A CN112903971 A CN 112903971A CN 202110161486 A CN202110161486 A CN 202110161486A CN 112903971 A CN112903971 A CN 112903971A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/34—Purifying; Cleaning
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
- G01N2001/2866—Grinding or homogeneising
Abstract
The utility model provides a soil column eluviation test device, includes cylinder, bottom flange and gas collector, from the top down is equipped with soil horizon, quartz sand layer in proper order in the cylinder, and the bottom flange setting still is equipped with a plurality of sample connection in the cylinder below the cylinder. The leaching test method using the device specifically comprises the following steps: respectively collecting soil layer samples of a plurality of profile layers, and treating for later use; calculating the soil mass required to be filled according to the volume weight of soil layers in different levels, adding distilled water into the column body after the soil layers are filled, dissolving the prepared solid fertilizer into surface water at a temperature of 24-26 ℃, beginning leaching, sampling from top to bottom according to the plant growth period, receiving natural leaching solution, collecting and monitoring greenhouse gas emission by using an injector, completing leaching, collecting soil samples in layers, and preparing for nutrient determination after the samples are treated. The invention has the advantages of accurate measurement, low investment cost, simple and convenient operation and the like, and can provide a technical means for the research of solute transfer, farmland nutrient management and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of leaching tests of fermentation organisms, and particularly relates to a leaching test device and a leaching capacity test method using the same.
Background
Since the country is built, in order to meet the increasing material demand of people, the application amount of chemical fertilizers in agricultural production is continuously increased, however, the utilization rate of the chemical fertilizers in China is low, and only nitrogen fertilizers applied in the planting of grain crops and vegetables have a large amount of loss every year, thereby bringing serious threat to ecological systems such as farmlands, rivers and the like. Rice, wheat and corn are main grain crops in China, the average utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer is low, and statistics shows that the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer of winter wheat and summer corn in northern China plain in the main production area of grains is low. Nitrogen and phosphorus are essential nutrient elements for maintaining the growth of crops, however, the application amount of fertilizers is increasing year by year in recent years. The long-term application of chemical fertilizers inevitably leads to the gradual reduction of the utilization rate of nitrogen and phosphorus in soil, the leaching loss of nitrogen, the invalidation of phosphorus and the accumulation of phosphorus in soil and other environmental problems, and researches show that the nitrogen loss of soil is changed into nitrogen surplus due to the increase of the usage amount of nitrogen fertilizers, and the surplus amount is increased along with the increase of the fertilizing amount. The excessive application of the fertilizer results in NO in the soil3The main reason for N accumulation, reasonable and correct fertilization, is a key move to improve fertilizer efficiency. Nitrogen and phosphorus enter underground water through a leakage way, and when the soil nutrient is leached, excessive nitrogen and phosphorus threaten the quality of the underground water and pollute drinking water sources. Therefore, in the face of the severe current situation of agricultural fertilizer utilization in China, the key point of agricultural sustainable development is how to control the non-point source pollution generated by fertilizer input and change the existing agricultural production mode at the cost of overdraft environment.
At present, the technical method for researching farmland soil nutrient migration and transformation by utilizing soil column eluviation is easy to be widely applied and popularized, and a general soil eluviation device can be divided into an original soil column filled with non-disturbed soil and a disturbed soil column filled again, wherein the original soil column can well keep the physical and chemical properties of the soil and better represent the field state to approximate the eluviation rule of the farmland soil, but the experiment has larger sampling difficulty and wastes time and labor; the latter is the soil after being filled and sieved, the filling quality is controlled according to the soil volume weight of different levels, the test conditions are controllable to ensure the principle of single variable, and the indoor simulated eluviation soil column has the advantages of accurate measurement, low investment cost, simple and convenient operation and the like, and can provide technical means for researches such as solute transfer, farmland nutrient management and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a leaching test device and a leaching capacity test method using the same.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a soil column eluviation test device, includes the cylinder, still includes bottom flange and gas collector, from the top down is equipped with soil horizon and quartz sand layer in proper order in the cylinder, the bottom flange sets up the below at the cylinder, still be equipped with a plurality of sample connection on the cylinder, inlay the evagination in the sample connection, inside trompil covers non-woven fabrics, outside interlinkage pipe.
Further optimizing, cylinder and gas collector are transparent organic glass.
Further optimization, vaseline is coated between the column body and the inner wall of the soil layer, and the edge effect in the leaching process is reduced.
Further optimize, all be equipped with the hoop sealing washer between cylinder and the bottom flange, the quartz sand layer of packing between sample connection and the soil is used for improving the eluviation and ventilates and permeate water.
Further optimizing, the number of the sampling ports is 5, and the sampling ports are respectively arranged at the positions of 5-7cm, 15-17cm, 25-27cm, 35-37cm and 49-51cm of the height of the column body.
Further optimizing, the sampling port is 4-6cm long, wherein the sampling port is embedded with 2-4cm and is provided with a 1mm aperture, the sampling port protrudes outwards by 1-3cm and is connected with a guide pipe, and the guide pipe is a transparent plastic pipe.
Further optimizing, the top of the gas collector is closed, the bottom of the gas collector is open, the outer side of the gas collector is connected with a rubber tube and a tee joint, and greenhouse gas emission is collected and monitored through an injector.
The leaching test method using the soil column leaching test device comprises the following specific steps: respectively collecting soil layer samples of multiple depths, and air-drying, removing impurities, grinding and sieving for later use; calculating the soil mass to be filled according to the volume weight of soil layers at different levels, adding 1300 plus 1500mL of distilled water into a column body after the soil layers are filled, dissolving the prepared solid fertilizer into surface water at 24-26 ℃, beginning eluviation, sampling from top to bottom according to different plant growth periods, abandoning the solution remaining in a conduit when acquiring the eluviation solution, then receiving and taking natural eluviation solution, simultaneously acquiring and monitoring greenhouse gas emission by using an injector, completing the eluviation, acquiring soil samples in layers, air drying, grinding and sieving to prepare for nutrient determination.
Further optimization, a proper amount of vaseline needs to be coated on the inner wall of the column body in the column filling process, the edge effect is reduced to the maximum extent, and meanwhile, a layer of non-woven fabric is wound on the inner wall of each sampling port, so that the filter liquor permeability is improved, and meanwhile, soil particles are prevented from blocking the outflow port.
And further optimizing, firstly filling a quartz sand layer with the height of 3-5cm at the bottom of the column body before filling the soil layer so as to facilitate ventilation and water permeation, and then weighing, filling and compacting according to the preset soil layer weight.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the leaching solution and the gas collecting device are used for collecting the leaching solution of different soil levels in different periods, the indoor simulation scale approximately simulates the vertical migration rule of field nutrients, and a scientific theoretical basis can be provided for farmland optimized fertilization and nutrient management measures;
2. the invention can monitor the change rule of the soil greenhouse gas along with the leaching period, can quantify the aboveground loss amount and discharge characteristics of soil nutrients, and can provide a support for the research of nutrient circulation such as carbon and nitrogen;
3. the method has simple operation flow, and leaching simulation is carried out under a natural state without external power by collecting the farmland in-situ soil and controlling indoor simulation conditions, so that the leaching simulation is closer to a field state and can better reflect the actual production situation of agriculture.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the gas collector;
reference numerals: 1. the device comprises a column body, 2, a switch valve, 3, a sampling port, 4, a soil layer, 5, a quartz sand layer, 6, a bottom flange, 7, a gas collector, 8, an injector, 9 and a tee joint.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the invention is further explained by specific embodiments with reference to the drawings.
In order to make the technical means, the creation features, the achievement objects and the beneficial effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further explained by combining the specific embodiments.
The utility model provides a soil column eluviation test device, includes cylinder 1, still includes bottom flange 6 and gas collector 7, gas collector 7 top is sealed, and the bottom is open, and rubber tube and tee bend 9 are connected to the outside, gathers through syringe 8 and monitors greenhouse gas and discharges, from the top down is equipped with soil horizon 4 and quartz sand layer 5 in proper order in the cylinder 1, bottom flange 6 sets up the below at cylinder 1, still be equipped with a plurality of sample connection 3 on the cylinder 1, all be equipped with ooff valve 2 on every sample connection 3, the sample connection 3 is long 4-6cm, the embedded evagination of sample connection 3, embedded 2-4cm wherein is furnished with 1mm aperture, evagination 1-3cm and connect the pipe, the pipe adopts transparent plastic pipe, and the inside trompil of sample connection covers the non-woven fabrics, and outside links the pipe, and 3 quantity of sample connection are 5, set up respectively at the 1 high 5-7cm of cylinder 5-7cm of, 15-17cm, 25-27cm, 35-37cm and 49-51 cm.
In this device, cylinder 1 and gas collector 7 are transparent organic glass, it has vaseline to scribble between 4 inner walls on cylinder 1 and the soil horizon, reduces the marginal effect of eluviation process, all be equipped with the hoop sealing washer between cylinder 1 and the base flange 6, the quartz sand layer 5 of packing between sample connection 3 and the soil is used for improving the eluviation and ventilates and permeate water.
The leaching test method using the soil column leaching test device takes soil leaching of a rice field as an example, and comprises the following specific steps: collecting soil with depth of 0-10cm, 10-20cm, 20-30cm and 30-40cm in the soil layer 4, bagging, transporting back to natural air drying sample, removing gravel and root debris, crushing, grinding and sieving for use; the base flange 6 is hermetically connected with the bottom of the column body 1 through screws, a proper amount of vaseline needs to be coated on the inner wall in the column mounting process, the edge effect is reduced to the maximum extent, meanwhile, a layer of non-woven fabric is wound on the inner wall of each sampling opening 3, so that the filter liquor permeability is increased, meanwhile, soil particles are prevented from blocking a discharge opening, the soil mass required to be filled is calculated according to the volume weight of the soil layers 4 in different layers, firstly, a quartz sand layer 5 with the height of 4cm is filled at the bottom to facilitate ventilation and water permeation, and secondly, the quartz sand layer 5 is respectively weighed, filled and compacted according to the weight of the preset soil layer; leaching in a room at the temperature of 24-26 ℃, adding 1300 plus 1500mL of distilled water in an accumulated manner before leaching to reach saturation and stabilize the soil column, irrigating and leaching after 1-3 days, keeping the surface layer of the soil layer 4 with the height of 2-4cm all the time, dissolving the prepared solid fertilizer in the surface layer water, and beginning leaching timing; determining a sampling period according to the growth period of rice, wherein the sampling rule is that when a certain layer of leaching solution is collected from top to bottom, the rest sampling ports 3 are in a closed state, the residual solution in the sampling ports 3 is abandoned firstly during the collection of the leaching solution, then the natural leaching solution is collected, meanwhile, the injector 8 is used for collecting and monitoring the emission of greenhouse gas, after the leaching is finished, the bottom flange 6 and the sampling ports 3 are detached, soil samples are collected in layers, and the soil samples are air-dried, ground and sieved for the determination of nutrients.
The principal features of the invention, its method of use, its operation, its basic principles and advantages have been shown and described. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made to the invention in the actual situation without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these changes and modifications are within the scope of the claimed invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an earth pillar eluviation test device, includes cylinder (1), its characterized in that: still include bottom flange (6) and gas collector (7), from the top down is equipped with soil horizon (4) and quartz sand layer (5) in proper order in cylinder (1), bottom flange (6) set up the below in cylinder (1), still be equipped with a plurality of sample connection (3) on cylinder (1), the embedded evagination of sample connection (3), inside trompil covers non-woven fabrics, outside linkage pipe.
2. The soil column leaching test device of claim 1, wherein: the column body (1) and the gas collector (7) are both made of transparent organic glass.
3. The soil column leaching test device of claim 1, wherein: vaseline is coated between the column body (1) and the inner wall of the soil layer (4), so that the edge effect in the leaching process is reduced.
4. The soil column leaching test device of claim 1, wherein: all be equipped with the hoop sealing washer between cylinder (1) and bottom flange (6), quartz sand layer (5) of packing between sample connection (3) and the soil are used for improving the eluviation and ventilate and permeate water.
5. The soil column leaching test device of claim 1, wherein: the number of the sampling ports (3) is 5, and the sampling ports are respectively arranged at the positions of 5-7cm, 15-17cm, 25-27cm, 35-37cm and 49-51cm of the height of the column body (1).
6. The soil column leaching test device of claim 1, wherein: the sampling port (3) is 4-6cm long, 2-4cm is embedded in the sampling port and provided with a 1mm aperture, the sampling port protrudes outwards by 1-3cm and is connected with a guide pipe, and the guide pipe is a transparent plastic pipe.
7. The soil column leaching test device of claim 1, wherein: the top of the gas collector (7) is closed, the bottom of the gas collector is open, the outer side of the gas collector is connected with a rubber tube and a tee joint (9), and greenhouse gas emission is collected and monitored through an injector (8).
8. The leaching test method using the soil column leaching test device is characterized in that: the method comprises the following specific steps: respectively collecting soil layer (4) samples of a plurality of profile layers, and air-drying, removing impurities, grinding and sieving for later use; the method comprises the steps of calculating the soil mass to be filled according to the volume weight of soil layers (4) in different layers, adding 1300 plus 1500mL of distilled water into a column body (1) after the soil layers (4) are filled, dissolving prepared solid fertilizer into surface water at the temperature of 24-26 ℃, beginning leaching, sampling from top to bottom according to different plant growth periods, abandoning the solution remained in a conduit when collecting the leaching solution, then receiving the natural leaching solution, simultaneously collecting and monitoring greenhouse gas emission by using an injector (8), completing leaching, collecting soil samples in layers, air-drying, grinding and sieving to prepare for nutrient determination.
9. The leaching test method using the soil column leaching test apparatus according to claim 8, wherein: in the column filling process, a proper amount of vaseline needs to be coated on the inner wall of the column body (1) to reduce the edge effect to the maximum extent, and meanwhile, a layer of non-woven fabric is wound on the inner wall of each sampling port (3) to prevent soil particles from blocking the outflow port while the filtrate permeability is increased.
10. The leaching test method using the soil column leaching test apparatus according to claim 8, wherein: before the soil layer (4) is filled, firstly, a quartz sand layer (5) with the height of 3-5cm is filled at the bottom of the column body (1) to facilitate ventilation and water permeation, and secondly, the quartz sand layer is respectively weighed, filled and compacted according to the weight of a preset soil layer.
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| CN202110161486.7A CN112903971A (en) | 2021-02-05 | 2021-02-05 | Leaching test device and leaching capacity test method using same |
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| CN202110161486.7A CN112903971A (en) | 2021-02-05 | 2021-02-05 | Leaching test device and leaching capacity test method using same |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114002007A (en) * | 2021-11-22 | 2022-02-01 | 中南林业科技大学 | Sampling device and leaching device for nitrogen migration and conversion, sampling method and method for researching nitrogen migration and conversion |
| CN115060810A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-09-16 | 南开大学 | Method for determining colloid release in soil of polluted site |
| CN117084158A (en) * | 2023-10-20 | 2023-11-21 | 南昌市农业科学院 | Facility cultivation nutrient supply system based on closed-loop environment and measuring method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117084158A (en) * | 2023-10-20 | 2023-11-21 | 南昌市农业科学院 | Facility cultivation nutrient supply system based on closed-loop environment and measuring method |
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