CN112899818B - 防护服用潜在收缩复合纤维、微隆起高密疏水针织织物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
防护服用潜在收缩复合纤维、微隆起高密疏水针织织物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及防护服用潜在收缩复合纤维、微隆起高密疏水针织织物及其制备方法。本发明通过构成纤维的成分收缩差异而形成的环圈结构和后处理磨毛产生裂纤形成微隆起结构制得收缩复合纤维和织物，本发明的复合纤维直径小，比表面积大，面料柔软性、舒适性更好，阻隔防护效果更加优良。本发明的微隆起编织在织物内部，微隆起牢度好，且使用过程中随摩擦次数增加微隆起部分数量增多，疏水效果越好。本发明的织物面密度可通过织物结构、针织密度和后处理工艺调控，满足不同防护要求。本发明织物可重复使用，织物面密度范围宽，可达120‑270g/m2，接触角大于130°，沾水≥4‑5级，具有高温高压、紫外线和环氧乙烷等广谱消毒适应性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于功能性织物技术领域，特别涉及防护服用潜在收缩复合纤维、微隆起高密疏水针织织物制备方法。
背景技术
医用防护服是医务人员抗击传染病疫情中非常重要的个人防护用品，特别是在应对传播途径未知的新发传染病，以及传播风险很高的传染病中。我国于2003年就颁布了《医用一次性防护服技术要求》，并对医用防护服的性能做出了具体的要求，内容包括要有很好的阻隔性(尤其要能够阻隔液体，如分泌物、喷溅物、血)，渗水性，渗血性，断裂强度，耐腐蚀性，耐磨性以及绝缘性等，力求使医用防护服有很好的阻止各类可能携带病原体的分泌物、喷溅物、颗粒物等接触人体，保护医务人员健康。近年来科研机构和企业相继开发出多种新型医用防护服材料，其主要形式包括：机织物和非织造布以及复合材料。采用这些材料制备的防护服大多数为一次性防护服，普遍存在以下问题：(1)一次性防护服的使用(平均350～600克/套)造成巨大的资源浪费，使用过的防护服焚烧处理会造成环境污染，填埋会占用土地，且潜藏在防护服中的病毒和细菌可能产生二次传播而再次引发公共安全事件；(2)基于成本考虑，防护服普遍存在硬度大、舒适性差(不透气)等问题；(3)一次性防护服基材以聚丙烯为主，其光降解性导致防护服在存放过程中产生老化、导致强度下降等问题，不利于作为战略储备用；(4)消毒形式单一，高温消毒导致面料变硬，紫外线消毒导致强度降低。因此，亟待开发舒适化、轻量化、功能化和可重复使用的医护人员防护服用材料及其制品。
发明内容
为弥补现有技术的不足，本发明提供了一种微隆起高密疏水针织织物及其制备方法。该织物具有疏水效果佳，柔软、舒适性好，阻隔防护效果更加优良的特点。
为解决上述问题，本发明采用如下技术方案：
本发明首要目的是保护一种具有潜在收缩的复合纤维，其包括原料A和原料B，原料A为己内酰胺与己二酸己二胺盐的共聚物或对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯与间苯二甲酸乙二醇酯-5-磺酸钠、间苯二甲酸和聚乙二醇的共聚物一种或上述共聚物的复合物；
所述原料B为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚酰胺6或聚酰胺66中的一种或两种；
原料A与原料B的质量比为30:70～50:50；原料A与原料B的排布形式为X+1或X+X或1+X，其中X为大于3的正整数。本发明中的排布形式指的是原料A与原料B在纺丝组件喷丝板截面上的排布形态。以排布形式X+1，X＝8为例，排布形式8+1指的是，从纤维截面上，原料A被原料B均匀地分成8等份，原料A可裂为扇形，原料B裂为“米”字型。1+X的排列形式与之正相反，原料A裂为“米”字型原料B裂为扇形。当排布形式为X+X，形成间隔分布的X等份原料A和X等份原料B。通过特殊的截面设计，原料A、B两个组分的构成和配比，可以有效增大比表面积，当成分中任一高收缩原料收缩时，其易在纤维和织物表面形成微隆起，以便于拒水。
本发明请求保护采用上述具有潜在收缩的复合纤维制备微隆起结构的高密疏水针织织物。该微隆起高密疏水针织织物的微隆起结构由二部分构成：纤维热收缩卷曲自然形成隆起和织物磨毛隆起。接触角大于130°，沾水大于等于4级。
本发明请求保护微隆起高密疏水针织织物的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
S1.通过复合纺丝制备具有潜在收缩的复合纤维；
S2.将复合纤维织成针织织物；
S3.将织物用处理液高温处理和磨毛处理，使织物具有微隆起高密结构；
S4.对织物进行表面疏水处理，得到微隆起高密疏水针织织物。
进一步的，所述步骤S2中，复合纤维针织设备为40-42针/英寸的圆网织机，织物面密度为120～270g/m2。
进一步的，所述步骤S3中，所采用的处理液为酸或碱与表面活性剂的水溶液混合制得，后处理温度90～130℃，处理时间40～90min；干燥后用200～400目砂纸磨砂进行磨毛处理，形成微隆起高密织物。
进一步的，所述步骤S3中，所述酸为有机酸，如甲酸或乙酸，碱为氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾，溶液中酸或碱与表面活性剂的质量比为9:1-10:0，处理液中非水物质质量浓度为0.2-2.0％。其中，非水物质指酸与表面活性剂或者碱与表面活性剂。
进一步的，所述步骤S4中，采用C液和D液对织物进行疏水处理，其中C液为聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)的异丙醇溶液或PDMS的正己烷溶液；溶液中PDMS的质量分数为3～10％。D液为固化剂的异丙醇溶液或固化剂的正己烷溶液，溶液中固化剂质量分数为0.5～1.0％。
所述步骤S4中，织物经引导辊与C液接触并完成浸涂，然后进入由D液构成的喷雾区，再进入压轧区、红外线烘干区和定型区。其中红外线烘干区温度70～120℃，时间3～10min，红外线定型区温度80～150℃，时间3～5min，最后得到微隆起高密疏水针织织物。
本发明请求保护具有潜在收缩的复合纤维及其制备的微隆起高密疏水针织织物在防护服领域的应用。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
(1)本发明制得的面料形成微隆起是通过构成纤维的成分收缩差异而形成的环圈结构和后处理磨毛产生裂纤所形成，与现有技术中采用二氧化硅等微颗粒沉积在织物表面不同，本发明的微隆起编织在织物内部，微隆起牢度好，且使用过程中随摩擦次数增加微隆起部分数量增多，疏水效果更好。
(2)织物面密度可通过织物结构、针织密度和后处理工艺调控，满足不同防护要求。
(3)本发明的织物可重复使用，织物面密度范围宽，可达120-270g/m2，接触角大于130°，沾水达到4-5级，具有高温高压、紫外线和环氧乙烷等光谱消毒适应性。
(4)本发明的复合纤维直径小，比表面积大，面料柔软性、舒适性更好，阻隔防护效果更加优良。
附图说明
图1为本发明复合纤维收缩前示意图，图中原料A与原料B排布形式为8+8；
图2为本发明复合纤维示意图，图中原料A与原料B排布形式为8+1；
图3为本发明微隆起高密疏水织物收缩前SEM照片；
图4为本发明微隆起高密疏水织物收缩后SEM照片；
图5为图4放大图；
图6为收缩后织物照片。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例详述本发明，但不限制本发明的保护范围。如无特殊说明，本发明所采用的实验方法均为常规方法，所用实验器材、材料、试剂等均可从商业途径获得。本发明中原料己内酰胺与己二酸己二胺盐的共聚物，对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯与间苯二甲酸乙二醇酯-5-磺酸钠、间苯二甲酸和聚乙二醇的共聚物可市售获得，或采用本领域已知方法制备获得；固化剂可选用纺织领域已知的固化剂，如硅烷偶联剂，下述实施例中采用的是PDMS配套固化剂，表面活性剂可选用本领域常用表面活性剂，如十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵。
实施例1
将相对粘度为3.19～3.41的己内酰胺与己二酸己二胺盐的共聚物(以下简称PA66/6，巴斯夫C33)在60～100℃下，真空干燥4～6小时，使其含水质量分数在0.01％以下；将对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯与间苯二甲酸乙二醇酯-5-磺酸钠、间苯二甲酸和聚乙二醇的共聚物(以下简称共聚PET)在120～165℃下，气流干燥4～6小时，使其含水质量分数在0.005％以下；聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(以下简称PET)在120～180℃下，气流干燥4～6小时，使其含水质量分数在0.005％以下；聚酰胺6(以下简称PA6)、聚酰胺66(以下简称PA66)在90～120℃下，氮气保护下干燥3～6小时，使其含水质量分数在0.01％以下。
实施例2
将干燥后的PET与PA66/6分别塑化熔融，送入8+1型纺丝组件，挤出后冷却成形(如图2所示)，牵伸后得到PA66/6质量分数为30％，PET质量分数为70％的潜在收缩复合纤维。将复合纤维用42针/英寸针织机织成面密度为270克/m2针织织物，将织物在120℃、2％氢氧化钠和十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵水溶液中处理40分钟，干燥后用400#砂纸打磨，得到微隆起高密织物。将高密织物用浓度为10％PDMS的异丙醇溶液浸涂，然后用1.0％固化剂喷涂，之后进行压轧，分别在70℃下红外线烘干10分钟，120℃下红外线定型3分钟，冷却后收卷，得到微隆起高密疏水针织织物，织物接触角等于138.7°，沾水≥5级。
实施例3
将干燥后的PA66与PA66/6分别塑化熔融，送入4+1型纺丝组件，挤出后冷却成形，牵伸后得到PA66/6质量分数为40％，PA66质量分数为60％的潜在收缩复合纤维。将其用针密为42针/英寸针织机织成面密度为200克/m2针织织物，将织物在100℃、0.2％甲酸的水溶液中处理90分钟，干燥后用200#砂纸打磨，得到微隆起高密织物。将高密织物用浓度为5％PDMS的异丙醇溶液浸涂，然后用0.5％固化剂喷涂，之后进行压轧，分别在120℃下红外线烘干3分钟，80℃下红外线定型5分钟，冷却后收卷，得到微隆起高密疏水针织织物，织物接触角等于131.5°，沾水≥4级。
实施例4
将干燥后的共聚PET与PA6分别塑化熔融，送入4+4型纺丝组件，挤出后冷却成形，牵伸后得到PA6质量分数为50％，共聚PET质量分数为50％的潜在收缩复合纤维。将其用针密为40针/英寸针织机织成面密度为120克/m2针织织物，将织物在90℃、1％氢氧化钠和十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵的水溶液中处理90分钟，干燥后用400#砂纸打磨，得到微隆起高密织物。将高密织物用浓度为3％PDMS的异丙醇溶液浸涂，然后用0.5％固化剂喷涂，之后进行压轧，分别在100℃下红外线烘干5分钟，150℃下红外线定型3分钟，冷却后收卷，得到微隆起高密疏水针织织物，接触角等于130.8°，沾水≥4级。
实施例5
将干燥后的共聚PET与PA6分别塑化熔融，送入8+8型纺丝组件，挤出后冷却成形，牵伸后得到共聚PET质量分数为55％，PA6质量分数为45％的潜在收缩纤维。将其用针密为42针/英寸针织机织成面密度为135克/m2针织织物，将织物在130℃，0.5％氢氧化钠与十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵的溶液中处理40分钟，干燥后用400#砂纸打磨，得到微隆起高密织物。将高密织物用浓度为10％PDMS的异丙醇溶液浸涂，然后用1％凝固剂喷涂，之后进行压轧，分别在120℃下红外线烘干5分钟，150℃下红外线定型3分钟，冷却后收卷，得到微隆起高密疏水针织织物，接触角等于140.1°，沾水≥5级。
实施例6
将干燥后的共聚PET与PA6和PET的混合物(质量比PA6：PET＝90/10)分别塑化熔融，送入8+1型纺丝组件，挤出后冷却成形，牵伸后得到共聚PET质量分数为30％，PA6和PET质量分数为70％的潜在收缩复合纤维。将其用针密为42针/英寸针织机织成面密度为120克/m2针织织物，将织物在100℃，0.8％氢氧化钠和十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵的溶液中处理60分钟，干燥后用200#砂纸打磨，得到微隆起高密织物。将高密织物用浓度为10％PDMS的异丙醇溶液浸涂，然后用1％固化剂喷涂，之后进行压轧，分别在100℃下红外线烘干5分钟，120℃下红外线定型3分钟，冷却后收卷，得到微隆起高密疏水针织织物。接触角大于133.9°，沾水≥4级。
对比例1
将干燥后的PET塑化熔融，常规纺丝组件，挤出后冷却成形，牵伸后得到PET纤维。将复合纤维用针密为38针/英寸针织机织成面密度为120克/m2针织织物，然后在100℃、0.8％氢氧化钠和十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵的溶液中处理60分钟，干燥后用200#砂纸打磨，得到参比织物。将参比织物用浓度为10％PDMS的异丙醇溶液浸涂，然后用1％固化剂喷涂，之后进行压轧，分别在100℃下红外线烘干5分钟，120℃下红外线定型3分钟，得到疏水针织织物，接触角为100°，沾水为3级。
以上所述，仅为本发明创造较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明创造的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明创造披露的技术范围内，根据本发明创造的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变，都应涵盖在本发明创造的保护范围之内。
Claims (2)
1.一种具有潜在收缩复合纤维制备微隆起高密疏水针织织物的制备方法，其特征在于，该微隆起高密疏水针织织物的微隆起结构由二部分构成：纤维热收缩卷曲自然形成隆起和织物磨毛隆起；表面接触角大于130o，沾水大于等于4级；
包括如下步骤：
S1. 通过复合纺丝制备具有潜在收缩的复合纤维;所述纤维包括原料A和原料B，原料A为己内酰胺与己二酸己二胺盐的共聚物；所述原料B为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯；
原料A与原料B的质量比为30:70~50:50；原料A与原料B的排布形式为X+1或X+X或1+X，其中X为大于3的正整数；
S2. 将复合纤维织成针织织物;复合纤维针织设备为40-42针/英寸的圆网织机，织物面密度为120~270 g/m2;
S3. 将织物用处理液高温处理和磨毛处理，使织物具有微隆起高密结构；所采用的处理液为酸与表面活性剂的水溶液混合制得，后处理温度90~130 ℃，处理时间40~90min；然后用200~400目砂纸磨砂进行磨毛处理，形成微隆起高密织物；所述酸为甲酸或乙酸，溶液中酸与表面活性剂的质量比为9:1-10:0，其中，表面活性剂的质量不为0；处理液中非水物质质量浓度为0.2-2.0%；
S4. 对织物进行疏水处理，采用C液和D液对织物进行疏水处理，其中C液为聚二甲基硅氧烷的异丙醇溶液或聚二甲基硅氧烷的正己烷溶液；溶液中聚二甲基硅氧烷的质量分数为3~10%；D液为固化剂的异丙醇溶液或固化剂的正己烷溶液，溶液中固化剂质量分数为0.5~1.0%，织物经引导辊与C液接触并完成浸涂，然后进入由D液构成的喷雾区，再进入压轧区、红外线烘干区和定型区，其中红外线烘干区温度70~120 ℃，时间3~10min，红外线定型区温度80~150 ℃，时间3~5min，最后得到微隆起高密疏水针织织物。
2.权利要求1所述的制备方法制备得到的微隆起高密疏水针织织物在防护服领域的应用。
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