CN112898136A - 一种端烯类化合物氧化断裂碳碳键制备醛类化合物的方法 - Google Patents

一种端烯类化合物氧化断裂碳碳键制备醛类化合物的方法 Download PDF

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CN112898136A
CN112898136A CN201911226139.7A CN201911226139A CN112898136A CN 112898136 A CN112898136 A CN 112898136A CN 201911226139 A CN201911226139 A CN 201911226139A CN 112898136 A CN112898136 A CN 112898136A
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高爽
王连月
黄观旺
吕迎
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Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics of CAS
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Abstract

本发明公开一种端烯类化合物氧化断裂碳碳键制备醛类化合物的方法。该方法将端烯类化合物、添加剂及氮掺杂的介孔碳负载的单原子催化剂加入到脂肪伯醇溶剂中,放入压力容器中密闭,通入一定压力的氧源气体,氧源气体压力为0.1‑1MPa,反应温度为80‑150℃,反应后产物为醛类化合物。本发明采用的氮掺杂介孔碳负载的单原子催化剂,催化剂活性高,反应后产物醛类化合物分离收率最高达99%,该方法适用范围广,且反应条件容易控制,催化剂可循环使用,后处理简单,适于工业化生产。

Description

一种端烯类化合物氧化断裂碳碳键制备醛类化合物的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及单原子催化氧化断裂碳碳键技术领域,具体涉及到一种端烯类化合物氧化断裂碳碳键直接制备有机醛类化合物的方法,
背景技术
有机芳醛或脂肪醛是一类非常重要的化工产品和有机合成中间体,广泛应用于食品、有机合成、涂料、香料、化妆品、医药及高分子材料等领域。因此,醇氧化反应作为制备醛类物质的一般途径是一类重要的有机化学反应。端烯类化合物是一类重要的有机化合物,可以转化合成多种有机化学品,从端烯类化合物经过碳碳键的氧化断裂酯化得到有机醛,是端烯类化合物转化利用的一种有效途径。
有机醛传统的合成方法一般是通过伯醇为原料,以四氧化锇为催化剂,长时间加热,直接氧化合成。虽然用浓硫酸作催化剂催化具有高的活性,但也存在较多缺点:选择性差,副反应多,产品纯度差。传统氧化剂,比如,二氧化锰、过硫酸氢钾、过氧化物,造成环境污染和对设备腐蚀也很严重。随后发展的条件温和的醛类合成方法使用氧气作为氧化剂。但是这些方法仍不可避免将醛过度氧化为酸,上述存在问题仍然无法得到有效解决。另外一种氧化伯醇制备醛的方法,使用电催化烯烃环氧化断裂得到相应的醛,但是该方法所用的催化剂主要是贵金属Au和Pd,且无法实现大规模应用。
目前,使用碳材料负载的钴基催化剂直接氧化伯醇类化合物经过碳碳键的氧化断裂到有机醛的路线,还没有报道,该方法不仅提供了一种制备有机醛的途径,也提供了一种端烯类化合物转化利用的途径。
发明内容
本发明提供一种从端烯类化合物经过碳碳键的氧化断裂酯化得到有机醛的新路线,该路线反应条件较温和,高效低成本制备醛,底物适用广,产物收率高。
本发明采用的技术方案是:
1.一种端烯类化合物氧化断裂碳碳键制备醛类化合物的方法:将端烯类化合物、添加剂及氮掺杂介孔碳负载的单原子催化剂加入到脂肪伯醇溶剂中,放入压力容器中密闭,通入一定压力的氧源气体,氧源气体压力为0.1-1MPa,反应温度为80-150℃,反应后产物为醛类化合物。
2.所述的端烯类化合物为:
芳香端烯类:
Figure BDA0002302258340000011
R=H,2-Me,3-Me,4-Me,2-MeO,3-MeO,4-MeO,4-F,4-Cl,4-Br,4-NO2,4-CF3,4-CN,4-tBu,4-Ph,4-OPh,4-OPh(4-OCH3)
杂环类端烯:3-乙烯基吡啶,2-乙烯基吡啶,DL-1-(2-呋喃基)乙烯
脂肪端烯类:
Figure BDA0002302258340000012
n=1-6
3.所述的端烯类化合物氧化断裂碳碳键制备醛类化合物的方法,其特征在于,
合成路线为:
Figure BDA0002302258340000021
Figure BDA0002302258340000022
R3=H,C1-C9
4.所述的添加剂为碱性无机化合物,包括氢氧化钾、碳酸钾、碳酸钠、碳酸铯、磷酸钾中的一种或几种。
5.所述的氮掺杂的介孔碳负载的单原子催化剂制备方法为:称取硅溶胶,加到水中,室温搅拌,得到混合溶液A;称取1,10-菲啰琳和醋酸钴,加入水中,室温搅拌,得混合溶液B,将A溶液慢慢滴加到混合溶液B中,混合物室温下搅拌1小时以上,然后真空蒸出水,所得固体真空干燥,然后在600℃-900℃氮气氛围下焙烧2小时,所得黑色粉末用王水浸泡12-36小时,最后用去离子水洗至中性,60℃-90℃烘箱内干燥,即得目标催化剂Co-N-C;其中Co质量含量为0.1-10wt%。
6.所述脂肪伯醇溶剂为C1-C10中的一种或几种。
7.所述反应温度为80-150℃,优选反应温度130℃-150℃℃;
所述气体压力为0.1-1MPa,优选反应气体压力0.4MPa;
所述反应时间为6-30h,优选反应时间12-24h。
8.所述氧源为纯氧气或者空气。
9.所述添加剂的加入量与醇类反应物投料的摩尔比为0.05-0.2。
10.所述催化剂的加入量与醇类反应物投料的摩尔比为0.01-0.05。
与已有的有机醛类化合物制备方法比较,本发明具有以下优势:
催化剂为多相催化剂,容易回收循环使用,底物范围宽,适用于多种端烯类化合物产物醛的选择性高,副产物较少。
具体实施例
为了对本发明进行进一步详细说明,下面给出几个具体的实施案例,但是本发明不限于这些实施例。
氮掺杂的介孔碳负载的单原子催化剂的具体制备过程为:称取硅溶胶,加到水中,室温搅拌,得到混合溶液A;称取1,10-菲啰琳和醋酸钴,加入水中,室温搅拌,得混合溶液B,将A溶液慢慢滴加到混合溶液B中,混合物室温下搅拌1小时以上,然后真空蒸出水,所得固体真空干燥,然后在600℃-900℃氮气氛围下焙烧2小时,所得黑色粉末用王水浸泡12-36小时,最后用去离子水洗至中性,60℃-90℃烘箱内干燥,即得目标催化剂Co-N-C;其中Co质量含量为0.1-10wt%。
实施例1
将Co-N-C(相对于底物5mol%),苯乙烯(1mmol),K2CO3(20mol%),4mL甲醇依次加入到25mL聚四氟乙烯内衬的压力釜中,密闭反应釜,充入氧气压力至0.4MPa,把反应釜放入130℃油浴中,400转/分下搅拌反应12h,反应结束后,反应釜冷却至室温,打开反应釜,加入内标联苯(60mg),气相色谱-质谱检测定性产物,气相色谱内标法定量底物苯乙烯转化率和产物苯甲醛的收率见表1。
实施例2
将Co-N-C(相对于底物5mol%),苯乙烯(1mmol),KOH(20mol%),4mL甲醇依次加入到25mL聚四氟乙烯内衬的压力釜中,密闭反应釜,充入氧气压力至0.4MPa,把反应釜放入130℃油浴中,400转/分下搅拌反应12h,反应结束后,反应釜冷却至室温,打开反应釜,加入内标联苯(60mg),气相色谱-质谱检测定性产物,气相色谱内标法定量底物苯乙烯转化率和产物苯甲醛的收率见表1。
实施例3
将Co-N-C(相对于底物5mol%),苯乙烯(1mmol),Cs2CO3(20mol%),4mL甲醇依次加入到25mL聚四氟乙烯内衬的压力釜中,密闭反应釜,充入氧气压力至0.4MPa,把反应釜放入130℃油浴中,400转/分下搅拌反应12h,反应结束后,反应釜冷却至室温,打开反应釜,加入内标联苯(60mg),气相色谱-质谱检测定性产物,气相色谱内标法定量底物苯乙烯转化率和产物苯甲醛的收率见表1。
实施例4
将Co-N-C(相对于底物5mol%),苯乙烯(1mmol),K3PO4(20mol%),4mL甲醇依次加入到25mL聚四氟乙烯内衬的压力釜中,密闭反应釜,充入氧气压力至0.4MPa,把反应釜放入130℃油浴中,400转/分下搅拌反应12h,反应结束后,反应釜冷却至室温,打开反应釜,加入内标联苯(60mg),气相色谱-质谱检测定性产物,气相色谱内标法定量底物苯乙烯转化率和产物苯甲醛的收率见表1。
实施例5
将Co-N-C(相对于底物5mol%),2-甲基苯乙烯(1mmol),K2CO3(20mol%),4mL甲醇依次加入到25mL聚四氟乙烯内衬的压力釜中,密闭反应釜,充入氧气压力至0.4MPa,把反应釜放入130℃油浴中,400转/分下搅拌反应12h,反应结束后,反应釜冷却至室温,打开反应釜,加入内标联苯(60mg),气相色谱-质谱检测定性产物,气相色谱内标法定量底物2-甲基苯乙烯和产物2-甲基苯甲醛的收率见表1。
实施例6
将Co-N-C(相对于底物5mol%),3-甲基苯乙烯(1mmol),K2CO3(20mol%),4mL甲醇依次加入到25mL聚四氟乙烯内衬的压力釜中,密闭反应釜,充入氧气压力至0.4MPa,把反应釜放入130℃油浴中,400转/分下搅拌反应12h,反应结束后,反应釜冷却至室温,打开反应釜,加入内标联苯(60mg),气相色谱-质谱检测定性产物,气相色谱内标法定量底物3-甲基苯乙烯和产物3-甲基苯甲醛的收率见表1。
实施例7
将Co-N-C(相对于底物5mol%),4-甲基苯乙烯(1mmol),K2CO3(20mol%),4mL甲醇依次加入到25mL聚四氟乙烯内衬的压力釜中,密闭反应釜,充入氧气压力至0.4MPa,把反应釜放入130℃油浴中,400转/分下搅拌反应12h,反应结束后,反应釜冷却至室温,打开反应釜,加入内标联苯(60mg),气相色谱-质谱检测定性产物,气相色谱内标法定量底物4-甲基苯乙烯和产物4-甲基苯甲醛的收率见表1。
实施例8
将Co-N-C(相对于底物5mol%),1-甲氧基苯乙烯(1mmol),K2CO3(20mol%),4mL甲醇依次加入到25mL聚四氟乙烯内衬的压力釜中,密闭反应釜,充入氧气压力至0.4MPa,把反应釜放入130℃油浴中,400转/分下搅拌反应12h,反应结束后,反应釜冷却至室温,打开反应釜,加入内标联苯(60mg),气相色谱-质谱检测定性产物,气相色谱内标法定量底物1-甲氧基苯乙烯和产物1-甲氧基苯甲醛的收率见表1。
实施例9
将Co-N-C(相对于底物5mol%),3-甲氧基苯乙烯(1mmol),K2CO3(20mol%),4mL甲醇依次加入到25mL聚四氟乙烯内衬的压力釜中,密闭反应釜,充入氧气压力至0.4MPa,把反应釜放入130℃油浴中,400转/分下搅拌反应12h,反应结束后,反应釜冷却至室温,打开反应釜,加入内标联苯(60mg),气相色谱-质谱检测定性产物,气相色谱内标法定量底物3-甲氧基苯乙烯和产物3-甲氧基苯甲醛的收率见表1。
实施例10
将Co-N-C(相对于底物5mol%),4-甲氧基苯乙烯(1mmol),K2CO3(20mol%),4mL甲醇依次加入到25mL聚四氟乙烯内衬的压力釜中,密闭反应釜,充入氧气压力至0.4MPa,把反应釜放入130℃油浴中,400转/分下搅拌反应12h,反应结束后,反应釜冷却至室温,打开反应釜,加入内标联苯(60mg),气相色谱-质谱检测定性产物,气相色谱内标法定量底物4-甲氧基苯乙烯和产物4-甲氧基苯甲醛的收率见表1。
实施例11
将Co-N-C(相对于底物5mol%),4-氟苯乙烯(1mmol),K2CO3(20mol%),4mL甲醇依次加入到25mL聚四氟乙烯内衬的压力釜中,密闭反应釜,充入氧气压力至0.4MPa,把反应釜放入130℃油浴中,400转/分下搅拌反应12h,反应结束后,反应釜冷却至室温,打开反应釜,加入内标联苯(60mg),气相色谱-质谱检测定性产物,气相色谱内标法定量底物4-氟苯乙烯和产物4-氟苯甲醛的收率见表1。
实施例12
将Co-N-C(相对于底物5mol%),4-氯苯乙烯(1mmol),K2CO3(20mol%),4mL甲醇依次加入到25mL聚四氟乙烯内衬的压力釜中,密闭反应釜,充入氧气压力至0.4MPa,把反应釜放入130℃油浴中,400转/分下搅拌反应12h,反应结束后,反应釜冷却至室温,打开反应釜,加入内标联苯(60mg),气相色谱-质谱检测定性产物,气相色谱内标法定量底物4-氯苯乙烯和产物4-氯苯甲醛的收率见表1。
实施例13
将Co-N-C(相对于底物5mol%),4-溴苯乙烯(1mmol),K2CO3(20mol%),4mL甲醇依次加入到25mL聚四氟乙烯内衬的压力釜中,密闭反应釜,充入氧气压力至0.4MPa,把反应釜放入130℃油浴中,400转/分下搅拌反应12h,反应结束后,反应釜冷却至室温,打开反应釜,加入内标联苯(60mg),气相色谱-质谱检测定性产物,气相色谱内标法定量底物4-溴苯乙烯和产物4-溴苯甲醛的收率见表1。
实施例14
将Co-N-C(相对于底物5mol%),4-硝基苯乙烯(1mmol),K2CO3(20mol%),4mL甲醇依次加入到25mL聚四氟乙烯内衬的压力釜中,密闭反应釜,充入氧气压力至0.4MPa,把反应釜放入130℃油浴中,400转/分下搅拌反应12h,反应结束后,反应釜冷却至室温,打开反应釜,加入内标联苯(60mg),气相色谱-质谱检测定性产物,气相色谱内标法定量底物4-硝基苯乙烯和产物4-硝基苯甲醛的收率见表1。
实施例15
将Co-N-C(相对于底物5mol%),4-三氟甲基苯乙烯(1mmol),K2CO3(20mol%),4mL甲醇依次加入到25mL聚四氟乙烯内衬的压力釜中,密闭反应釜,充入氧气压力至0.4MPa,把反应釜放入130℃油浴中,400转/分下搅拌反应12h,反应结束后,反应釜冷却至室温,打开反应釜,加入内标联苯(60mg),气相色谱-质谱检测定性产物,气相色谱内标法定量底物4-三氟甲基苯乙烯和产物4-三氟甲基苯甲醛的收率见表1。
实施例16
将Co-N-C(相对于底物5mol%),4-氰基苯乙烯(1mmol),K2CO3(20mol%),4mL甲醇依次加入到25mL聚四氟乙烯内衬的压力釜中,密闭反应釜,充入氧气压力至0.4MPa,把反应釜放入130℃油浴中,400转速下搅拌反应12h,反应结束后,反应釜冷却至室温,打开反应釜,加入内标联苯(60mg),气相色谱-质谱检测定性产物,气相色谱内标法定量底物4-氰基苯乙烯和产物4-氰基苯甲醛的收率见表1。
实施例17
将Co-N-C(相对于底物5mol%),4-联苯乙烯(1mmol),K2CO3(20mol%),4mL甲醇依次加入到25mL聚四氟乙烯内衬的压力釜中,密闭反应釜,充入氧气压力至0.4MPa,把反应釜放入130℃油浴中,400转/分下搅拌反应12h,反应结束后,反应釜冷却至室温,打开反应釜,加入内标联苯(60mg),气相色谱-质谱检测定性产物,气相色谱内标法定量底物4-联苯乙烯和产物4-联苯甲醛的收率见表1。
实施例18
将Co-N-C(相对于底物5mol%),1-苯丙烯(1mmol),K2CO3(20mol%),4mL甲醇依次加入到25mL聚四氟乙烯内衬的压力釜中,密闭反应釜,充入氧气压力至0.4MPa,把反应釜放入130℃油浴中,400转/分下搅拌反应12h,反应结束后,反应釜冷却至室温,打开反应釜,加入内标联苯(60mg),气相色谱-质谱检测定性产物,气相色谱内标法定量底物1-苯丙烯和产物1-苯乙醛的收率见表1。
实施例19
将Co-N-C(相对于底物5mol%),2-苯基乙烯(1mmol),K2CO3(20mol%),4mL甲醇依次加入到25mL聚四氟乙烯内衬的压力釜中,密闭反应釜,充入氧气压力至0.4MPa,把反应釜放入130℃油浴中,400转/分下搅拌反应12h,反应结束后,反应釜冷却至室温,打开反应釜,加入内标联苯(60mg),气相色谱-质谱检测定性产物,气相色谱内标法定量底物2-苯基乙烯和产物2-苯甲醛的收率见表1。
实施例20
将Co-N-C(相对于底物5mol%),2-苯氧基-苯乙烯(1mmol),K2CO3(20mol%),4mL甲醇依次加入到25mL聚四氟乙烯内衬的压力釜中,密闭反应釜,充入氧气压力至0.4MPa,把反应釜放入130℃油浴中,400转/分下搅拌反应12h,反应结束后,反应釜冷却至室温,打开反应釜,加入内标联苯(60mg),气相色谱-质谱检测定性产物,气相色谱内标法定量底物2-苯氧基-苯乙烯和产物苯甲醛的收率见表1。
实施例21
将Co-N-C(相对于底物5mol%),2-(4-甲氧基)苯氧基-苯乙烯(1mmol),K2CO3(20mol%),4mL甲醇依次加入到25mL聚四氟乙烯内衬的压力釜中,密闭反应釜,充入氧气压力至0.4MPa,把反应釜放入130℃油浴中,400转速下搅拌反应12h,反应结束后,反应釜冷却至室温,打开反应釜,加入内标联苯(60mg),气相色谱-质谱检测定性产物,气相色谱内标法定量底物2-(4-甲氧基)苯氧基-苯乙烯和产物苯甲醛的收率见表1。
实施例22
将Co-N-C(相对于底物5mol%),3-乙烯基吡啶(1mmol),K2CO3(20mol%),4mL甲醇依次加入到25mL聚四氟乙烯内衬的压力釜中,密闭反应釜,充入氧气压力至0.4MPa,把反应釜放入130℃油浴中,400转/分下搅拌反应12h,反应结束后,反应釜冷却至室温,打开反应釜,加入内标联苯(60mg),气相色谱-质谱检测定性产物,气相色谱内标法定量底物3-乙烯基吡啶和产物3-吡啶甲醛的收率见表1。
实施例23
将Co-N-C(相对于底物5mol%),2-乙烯基吡啶(1mmol),K2CO3(20mol%),4mL甲醇依次加入到25mL聚四氟乙烯内衬的压力釜中,密闭反应釜,充入氧气压力至0.4MPa,把反应釜放入130℃油浴中,400转/分下搅拌反应12h,反应结束后,反应釜冷却至室温,打开反应釜,加入内标联苯(60mg),气相色谱-质谱检测定性产物,气相色谱内标法定量底物2-乙烯基吡啶和产物3-吡啶甲醛的收率见表1。
实施例24
将Co-N-C(相对于底物5mol%),2-乙烯基噻吩(1mmol),K2CO3(20mol%),4mL甲醇依次加入到25mL聚四氟乙烯内衬的压力釜中,密闭反应釜,充入氧气压力至0.4MPa,把反应釜放入130℃油浴中,400转/分下搅拌反应12h,反应结束后,反应釜冷却至室温,打开反应釜,加入内标联苯(60mg),气相色谱-质谱检测定性产物,气相色谱内标法定量底物2-乙烯基噻吩和产物噻吩-2-甲醛的收率见表1。
实施例25
将Co-N-C(相对于底物5mol%),DL-1-(2-呋喃基)乙烯(1mmol),K2CO3(20mol%),4mL甲醇依次加入到25mL聚四氟乙烯内衬的压力釜中,密闭反应釜,充入氧气压力至0.4MPa,把反应釜放入130℃油浴中,400转/分下搅拌反应12h,反应结束后,反应釜冷却至室温,打开反应釜,加入内标联苯(60mg),气相色谱-质谱检测定性产物,气相色谱内标法定量底物DL-1-(2-呋喃基)乙烯和产物DL-1-(2-呋喃基)甲醛的收率见表1。
实施例26
将Co-N-C(相对于底物5mol%),2-己醇(1mmol),K2CO3(20mol%),4mL甲醇依次加入到25mL聚四氟乙烯内衬的压力釜中,密闭反应釜,充入氧气压力至0.4MPa,把反应釜放入150℃油浴中,400转/分下搅拌反应12h,反应结束后,反应釜冷却至室温,打开反应釜,加入内标联苯(60mg),气相色谱-质谱检测定性产物,气相色谱内标法定量底物2-己醇和产物戊醛的收率见表1。
实施例27
将Co-N-C(相对于底物5mol%),2-辛醇(1mmol),K2CO3(20mol%),4mL甲醇依次加入到25mL聚四氟乙烯内衬的压力釜中,密闭反应釜,充入氧气压力至0.4MPa,把反应釜放入130℃油浴中,400转/分下搅拌反应12h,反应结束后,反应釜冷却至室温,打开反应釜,加入内标联苯(60mg),气相色谱-质谱检测定性产物,气相色谱内标法定量底物2-辛醇和产物庚醛的收率见表1。
实施例28
将Co-N-C(相对于底物5mol%),苯乙烯(1mmol),K2CO3(20mol%),4mL乙醇依次加入到25mL聚四氟乙烯内衬的压力釜中,密闭反应釜,充入氧气压力至0.4MPa,把反应釜放入150℃油浴中,400转/分下搅拌反应12h,反应结束后,反应釜冷却至室温,打开反应釜,加入内标联苯(60mg),气相色谱-质谱检测定性产物,气相色谱内标法定量底物苯乙烯转化率和产物苯甲醛的收率见表1。
实施例29
将Co-N-C(相对于底物5mol%),苯乙烯(1mmol),K2CO3(20mol%),4mL丁醇依次加入到25mL聚四氟乙烯内衬的压力釜中,密闭反应釜,充入氧气压力至0.4MPa,把反应釜放入150℃油浴中,400转/分下搅拌反应12h,反应结束后,反应釜冷却至室温,打开反应釜,加入内标联苯(60mg),气相色谱-质谱检测定性产物,气相色谱内标法定量底物苯乙烯转化率和产物苯甲醛的收率见表1。
实施例30
将Co-N-C(相对于底物5mol%),苯乙烯(1mmol),K2CO3(20mol%),4mL辛醇依次加入到25mL聚四氟乙烯内衬的压力釜中,密闭反应釜,充入氧气压力至0.4MPa,把反应釜放入150℃油浴中,400转/分下搅拌反应12h,反应结束后,反应釜冷却至室温,打开反应釜,加入内标联苯(60mg),气相色谱-质谱检测定性产物,气相色谱内标法定量底物苯乙烯转化率和产物苯甲醛的收率见表1。
表1实施例1-30底物和产物收率
实施例 底物转化率/% 产物收率/%
实施例1 100 95
实施例2 100 92
实施例3 100 94
实施例4 100 93
实施例5 100 93
实施例6 100 89
实施例7 100 90
实施例8 100 93
实施例9 100 96
实施例10 100 98
实施例11 90 87
实施例12 90 86
实施例13 95 90
实施例14 85 80
实施例15 86 79
实施例16 87 90
实施例17 98 96
实施例18 100 76
实施例19 100 67
实施例20 100 70
实施例21 100 72
实施例22 100 70
实施例23 100 66
实施例24 100 74
实施例25 56 40
实施例26 68 60
实施例27 100 87
实施例28 100 79
实施例29 100 75
实施例30 100 85

Claims (10)

1.一种端烯类化合物氧化断裂碳碳键制备醛类化合物的方法,其特征在于:将端烯类化合物、碱性添加剂及氮掺杂介孔碳负载的单原子催化剂加入到脂肪伯醇溶剂中,放入压力容器中密闭,通入氧源气体,氧源气体压力为0.1-1MPa,反应温度为80-150℃,反应后产物为醛类化合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的端烯类化合物氧化断裂碳碳键制备醛类化合物的方法,其特征在于,所述的端烯类化合物为下述中的一种或二种以上:
芳香端烯类:
Figure FDA0002302258330000011
R=H,2-Me,3-Me,4-Me,2-MeO,3-MeO,4-MeO,4-F,4-Cl,4-Br,4-NO2,4-CF3,4-CN,4-tBu,4-Ph,4-OPh,4-OPh(4-OCH3)中的一种或二种以上;
杂环类端烯:3-乙烯基吡啶,2-乙烯基吡啶,DL-1-(2-呋喃基)乙烯中的一种或二种以上;
脂肪端烯类:
Figure FDA0002302258330000012
n=1-6中的一种或二种以上。
3.根据权利要求1所述的端烯类化合物氧化断裂碳碳键制备醛类化合物的方法,其特征在于,
合成路线为:
Figure FDA0002302258330000013
R3=H,C1-C9中的一种或二种以上。
4.根据权利要求1所述的端烯类化合物氧化断裂碳碳键制备醛类化合物的方法,其特征在于,所述的添加剂为碱性无机化合物,包括氢氧化钾、碳酸钾、碳酸钠、碳酸铯、磷酸钾中的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的端烯类化合物氧化断裂碳碳键制备醛类化合物的方法,其特征在于,所述的氮掺杂介孔碳负载的单原子催化剂制备方法为:称取硅溶胶,加到水中,室温搅拌,得到混合溶液A;称取1,10-菲啰琳和醋酸钴,加入水中,室温搅拌,得混合溶液B,将A溶液慢慢滴加到混合溶液B中,混合物室温下搅拌1小时以上,然后真空蒸出水,所得固体真空干燥,然后在600℃-900℃氮气氛围下焙烧2小时,所得黑色粉末用王水浸泡12-36小时,最后用去离子水洗至中性,60℃-90℃烘箱内干燥,即得目标催化剂Co-N-C;其中Co质量含量为0.1-10wt%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的端烯类化合物氧化断裂碳碳键制备醛类化合物的方法,其特征在于,所述脂肪伯醇溶剂为C1-C10伯醇中的一种或几种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的端烯类化合物氧化断裂碳碳键制备醛类化合物的方法,其特征在于,
所述反应温度为80-150℃;优选温度为100-130℃;
所述气体压力为0.1-1MPa;优选压力为0.3-0.7MPa;
所述反应时间为6-30h,优选反应时间为12-24h。
8.根据权利要求1所述的端烯类化合物氧化断裂碳碳键制备醛类化合物的方法,其特征在于,氧源为纯氧气或者空气中的一种或二种。
9.根据权利要求1或4所述的端烯类化合物氧化断裂碳碳键制备醛类化合物的方法,其特征在于,添加剂的加入量与醇类反应物投料的摩尔比为0.05-0.2,优选摩尔比为0.1-0.15。
10.根据权利要求1或5所述的端烯类化合物氧化断裂碳碳键制备醛类化合物的方法,其特征在于,催化剂的加入量与醇类反应物投料的摩尔比为0.01-0.05,优选摩尔比为0.12-0.17。
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