CN1128979C - 在不足化学计量的气氛中进行加工和处理的炉子 - Google Patents
在不足化学计量的气氛中进行加工和处理的炉子 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
用来在不足化学计量的气氛中加工和处理的炉子，它含有一个带有燃油供给装置的燃烧室(1)、促燃剂供给装置(3)和排出燃烧室(1)中产生的气体的排气装置(4)，上述的促燃剂供给装置(3)和排气装置(4)以合适的选择机构(203、213、104、114)按交替的方式通过至少一个装置(2)与上述炉子相连接，上述的装置(2)通过合适的构件(402)与上述炉子的燃烧室(1)上的炉口(121)相连接，该装置含有气体后燃烧装置(102)、热交换和贮存热量的装置(112)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及热力加工和热处理的炉子。更具体地涉及在不足化学计量的气氛中进行加工和处理的炉子。
背景技术
在众多的热力加工和热处理中，例如，在还原金属氧化物的炉子或轧制钢件的退火炉中，其工作条件应具有由炉内的燃料或引入炉子的燃料本身的不完全燃烧产生的气氛，这种作业形式有一定的缺点。
首先，一方面需要使上述烟雾通过一种后燃烧装置，以避免具有严重污染性的未燃气体排放到大气中，另一方面，烟雾本身的大量热量不能直接用于工艺过程。通过一种空气/烟雾热交换器来预热燃烧的空气而回收上述的热量通常是有限的，因为受到用作上述热交换器的金属材料的最高工作温度的限制，这种热交换器对空气的预热温度通常不超过500～600℃。此外，无论是烟雾的排气管道还是供入空气的管道都通过高温气流，因此，需要采用大范围的隔热措施。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种上述类型的炉子，这种炉子可以大量地回收热量，消除排出气体中的大部分未燃组分，并且可实现在温度低得多的管道中传送排出的气体和供入炉内的空气。
为实现本发明的目的，本发明提供了用于在一种在燃料混合物不足化学计量的气氛中进行热力加工和热处理的炉子，包括一个燃烧室，其中燃料不完全燃烧使得产生可燃气体，所述的燃烧室具有至少一个炉口，其特征在于，一个腔室连接到所述的燃烧室的炉口作为后燃烧室，所述的腔室具有一个第一开口或自由空间和一个第二开口或格栅；填料设在所述的腔室的第二开口和由交变相位的再生预热器形成，用来储存热量及与来回穿过的气体交换热量，一个用来供送促燃气体的第一集气管，通过第一管道和一个调制阀与所述的腔室的第一开口连接，和通过第二管道和第一联锁阀与所述的腔室的第二开口连接，一个抽出在燃烧室中产生的气体的第二集气管，所述的第二集气管由一个第二联锁阀与第二管道连接，第二管道把第一集气管和腔室的第二开口连接起来，所述的阀被控制使得交替地切换所述的供送促燃气体的集气管和所述的抽气的集气管与腔室的第一开口和第二开口连接起来，和有选择地连通供送促燃气体的集气管和腔室用来得到第一工作模式和第二工作模式，在第一工作模式可燃气体从燃烧室抽到腔室，在该处，可燃气体与从供送促燃气体的集气管供到腔室的促燃气体混合以产生热的和完全燃烧的气体，随后通过交变相位的再生预热器到抽气的集气管把热量放给再生预热器，和在第二工作模式促燃气体从供送促燃气体的集气管供送通过交变相位的再生预热器获取热量和随后进入燃烧室。
附图说明
从下面参考附图详细说明本发明的作为举例而不是限制的实施例中，将会了解本发明的其他优点和特征，附图中：
图1是本发明的炉子的横剖视图；和
图2是本发明的炉子的局部细节的放大顶视剖视平面图。
具体实施方式
图1示出本发明的炉子，图中以实例说明一种转底炉。标号1表示该炉子的燃烧室，该燃烧室1由两个侧壁101、一个顶盖201和一个炉床301构成，所述炉床301可相对于炉壁101和顶盖201而转动。该炉床301本身以公知的方法安装在框架311上，框架311可随安装在支座10上的轮子11上的导轨321而滑动。通过带有液体21的液体密封槽20保证燃烧室1内产生的气体相对于旋转炉床301的气密密封，炉床的凸缘331在上述液体密封槽中移动，而侧壁的凸缘111则插入上述密封槽中。
在燃烧室1的侧壁101上有几个炉口121，本发明的主题所指的装置2与上述炉口121相连接。所述装置2具有一个装入部分填料的腔室102，上述的填料112由设置在上述腔室101底部的格栅132支承。由进气道402与炉侧壁101的炉口121相连通的管道122通向上述腔室102。而且，上述腔室102在与管道122连通的同一端上带有一个与管道103连通的自由空间142，上述管道103通过一种控制机构(例如调制阀)113与用于供给促燃气体的集气管3相连接。在相对的一端上，腔室102与管道302相连接，该管道302也通过适宜的选择机构(例如联锁阀213和114)分别与连通供给促燃气体的集气管3的管道203和连通排出燃烧室1产生的气体的排气管4的管道104相连接。在图1的剖视图上示出的炉区上设有两个置于上述燃烧室1的侧壁101上的装置2。
图2示出炉子的有关装置2和细节。相同的标号对应于相同的部件。如图所示，无论是管道122还是管道103都是相对于上述装置2的腔室102呈切向排列的。
从下面的说明中将可明了本发明炉子的操作。炉子燃烧室1内的燃烧产生高温气体(约1400℃)并含有大量未燃组分，尤其是炉内有大量用于还原金属氧化物的CO。装配在本发明炉子上的装置2交替地工作，在一个阶段中，控制连通装置2的腔室102与排气管4的管道104的阀114打开，与此同时，控制与供给促燃气体的集气管3相连通的管道203的阀213则关闭。因此，气体流入腔室102内。所需的空气量，即(a)用于使来自炉子燃烧室1的气体中的未燃组分完全燃烧，和(b)用于控制产生的气体的所需温度值(例如1300℃)两项所需的空气量由管道103通过阀113调节而喷入腔室102。然后，使实际上已无未燃组分的气体通过填料层，将其大部分显热传给填料，再在200～300℃温度下进入排气管4。上述的填料一般选用耐热的和抗热冲击的材料，该填料的敷设方式要使它具有足够的透气性和单位体积的表面积。腔室102、进气道402和炉口121都内衬耐火材料，以便承受它们所受到的热。
然后，将阀114和113关闭，将阀213打开。随之，促燃气体(也就是预定供给炉子的空气)穿过填料112渗入腔室102中，这样，贮存在填料112中的热量便传给促燃气体，将其预热到所需的温度(一般为1000℃左右)，然后通过进气道402和炉口121进入燃烧室1中。上述的循环在这里可以再次重复。
管道122和103最好按图2所示排列方式设置，以便使两股气流较好地混合，这就是说，使管道122中的来自燃烧室的气体和管道103中的来自供给促燃气体的集气管3的促燃气体更好地混合。
正如在图中所示的，最好在给定的炉区中安装几对或者说多个装置2，以便保证从指定区域中排出的气体和喷入该区域中的已预热的空气具有恒定的流速。按照预定的时间间隔或者当达到给定的温度门坎值后(例如被适当监控的排气量达到最大值，或者喷入炉内的空气量达到最小值时)，就颠倒操作程序。每个炉区最好通过设置在相应的集气管上的控制机构按照流入的促燃气体量和流出的排气量加以控制。
这样设计的炉子比现有类型的炉子具有许多优点。具体地说，所用的炉子在所谓的扩散燃烧的条件下工作时可获得最好的效果，在这类情况下，促燃气体的喷入点与燃油喷入点之间的物理接近性实际上已不那么重要了。
最后，采用交替式的蓄热预热器技术可使从燃烧室排出的气体中未燃组分的后燃烧与随后的热回收结合起来。
本发明的炉子可以利用燃烧室中产生的烟雾的热量达90％左右，这比现有技术的炉子所能达到的值要高得多。而且，不同炉区之间彼此的关系不大，实际上更容易控制，从而减小了在给定区域内的燃烧对邻近区域以及相对于烟雾流动方向更下游的区域中的燃烧的干扰。最后，供给促燃气体的集流管和排出烟雾的管道可采用较小的尺寸，并且可以少用或者不用隔热材料，因为通过它们的气体的湿度实际上比现用装置要低得多。
Claims (5)
1.用于在一种在燃料混合物不足化学计量的气氛中进行热力加工和热处理的炉子，包括一个燃烧室(1)，其中燃料不完全燃烧使得产生可燃气体，所述的燃烧室(1)具有至少一个炉口(121)，其特征在于，
一个腔室(102)连接到所述的燃烧室(1)的炉口(121)作为后燃烧室，所述的腔室(102)具有一个第一开口或自由空间(142)和一个第二开口或格栅(132)；
填料(112)设在所述的腔室(102)的第二开口(132)和由交变相位的再生预热器形成，用来储存热量及与来回穿过的气体交换热量，
一个用来供送促燃气体的第一集气管(3)，通过第一管道(103)和一个调制阀(113)与所述的腔室(102)的第一开口(142)连接，和通过第二管道(302)和第一联锁阀(213)与所述的腔室(102)的第二开口(132)连接，
一个抽出在燃烧室(1)中产生的气体的第二集气管(4)，所述的第二集气管(4)由一个第二联锁阀(114)与第二管道(302)连接，第二管道(302)把第一集气管(3)和腔室的第二开口(132)连接起来，
所述的阀(113，213，114)被控制使得交替地切换所述的供送促燃气体的集气管(3)和所述的抽气的集气管(4)与腔室(102)的第一开口(142)和第二开口(132)连接起来，和有选择地连通供送促燃气体的集气管(3)和腔室(102)用来得到第一工作模式和第二工作模式，在第一工作模式可燃气体从燃烧室(1)抽到腔室(102)，在该处，可燃气体与从供送促燃气体的集气管(3)供到腔室(102)的促燃气体混合以产生热的和完全燃烧的气体，随后通过交变相位的再生预热器(112)到抽气的集气管(4)把热量放给再生预热器(112)，和在第二工作模式促燃气体从供送促燃气体的集气管(3)供送通过交变相位的再生预热器(112)获取热量和随后进入燃烧室(1)。
2.根据权利要求1的炉子，其特征在于，还包括设在上述炉子的燃烧室(1)的炉口(121)和由耐火材料制的进气道(402)，和一条连接上述腔室(102)和上述进气道(402)的管道(122)。
3.根据权利要求2的炉子，其特征在于，上述的连接上述腔室(102)与上述进气道(402)的管道(122)和上述的连接上述促燃剂供给装置(3)与腔室(103)的管道(103)与上述装置(2)的上述腔室(102)的壁呈切向连接。
4.根据权利要求1的炉子，其特征在于，上述腔室(102)中的上述填料(112)是任意地装填的小球状或小颗粒的耐火材料。
5.根据权利要求1的炉子，其特征在于，上述的填料(112)是层叠的多孔耐火砖。
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| IT000090A/96 | 1996-02-28 | ||
| IT000090A/1996 | 1996-10-11 | ||
| IT96GE000090A IT1287570B1 (it) | 1996-10-11 | 1996-10-11 | Forno per processi e trattamenti in atmosfera sottostechiometrica |
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| CN1180827A CN1180827A (zh) | 1998-05-06 |
| CN1128979C true CN1128979C (zh) | 2003-11-26 |
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| US (1) | US5899689A (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP0836066B1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1128979C (zh) |
| AT (1) | ATE216485T1 (zh) |
| AU (1) | AU716723B2 (zh) |
| BR (1) | BR9705011A (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2216408C (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE69712009T2 (zh) |
| ES (1) | ES2175238T3 (zh) |
| IT (1) | IT1287570B1 (zh) |
| PL (1) | PL322541A1 (zh) |
| ZA (1) | ZA978474B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6749425B1 (en) * | 2003-03-26 | 2004-06-15 | Jp Steel Plantech Co. | Indirect heating furnace |
| US8470068B2 (en) * | 2004-12-07 | 2013-06-25 | Nu-Iron Technology, Llc | Method and system for producing metallic iron nuggets |
| US8021460B2 (en) * | 2006-07-26 | 2011-09-20 | Nu-Iron Technology, Llc | System and method for producing metallic iron nodules |
| US8287621B2 (en) | 2010-12-22 | 2012-10-16 | Nu-Iron Technology, Llc | Use of bimodal carbon distribution in compacts for producing metallic iron nodules |
| DE102010063839A1 (de) | 2010-12-22 | 2012-06-28 | Sms Siemag Ag | Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Ofens in einer Anlage zur Metallverarbeitung und Anlage zur Metallverarbeitung |
| CN104373953B (zh) * | 2014-11-14 | 2018-09-07 | 神雾科技集团股份有限公司 | 一种应用限流孔板的智能燃烧系统 |
Family Cites Families (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2009761B2 (de) * | 1970-03-03 | 1972-06-08 | Koppers-Wistra-Ofenbau GmbH, 4000 Düsseldorf | Kammerofen zur waermebehandlung von metallischem gut |
| JPS52114509A (en) * | 1976-03-22 | 1977-09-26 | Alumax Inc | Device for highhspeed heating of billets |
| US4358268A (en) * | 1980-12-15 | 1982-11-09 | Neville Warren H | Furnace system with reheated flue gas recirculation |
| DE3220162C2 (de) * | 1982-05-28 | 1986-04-17 | Sigri Elektrographit Gmbh, 8901 Meitingen | Verfahren zum Herstellen von Kohlenstoffkörpern |
| US4528012A (en) * | 1984-01-30 | 1985-07-09 | Owens-Illinois, Inc. | Cogeneration from glass furnace waste heat recovery |
| GB2179730B (en) * | 1985-08-27 | 1989-09-13 | British Gas Corp | A regenerator for a regenerative heating system |
| DK161037C (da) * | 1988-10-17 | 1991-10-28 | Haldor Topsoe As | Fremgangsmaade og anlaeg til kontinuerligt at rense en oxygenholdig gas for braendbare forureninger |
| US5057010A (en) * | 1990-05-15 | 1991-10-15 | Tsai Frank W | Furnace for heating process fluid and method of operation thereof |
| US5164145A (en) * | 1990-10-10 | 1992-11-17 | Thermo Process Systems Inc. | Rotary furnace oil seal employing endothermic gas purge |
| US5161968A (en) * | 1991-05-21 | 1992-11-10 | Process Combustion Corporation | Regenerative thermal oxidizer |
| JP2521386B2 (ja) * | 1991-10-31 | 1996-08-07 | 日本ファーネス工業株式会社 | 鉄鋼加熱炉 |
| DE4142401C2 (de) * | 1991-12-20 | 1999-01-21 | Linde Ag | Verfahren zum Betrieb einer auf einem oder mehreren Brennern basierenden Beheizung eines Ofens |
| US5460789A (en) * | 1991-12-20 | 1995-10-24 | Eisenmann Maschinenbau Kg | Apparatus for purifying pollutant-containing outgoing air from industrial installations by regenerative afterburning |
| US5203859A (en) * | 1992-04-22 | 1993-04-20 | Institute Of Gas Technology | Oxygen-enriched combustion method |
| DE4230778C2 (de) * | 1992-09-15 | 1997-03-20 | Man B & W Diesel Ag | Flammrohr für einen Brenner zur Verbrennung eines flüssigen oder gasförmigen Brennstoffes |
| JPH06281364A (ja) * | 1993-03-30 | 1994-10-07 | Ngk Insulators Ltd | 加熱炉の温度制御方法 |
| US5417731A (en) * | 1993-09-14 | 1995-05-23 | Owens-Brockway Glass Container, Inc. | Method of heating a charge, including injecting secondary oxidant into the output port |
-
1996
- 1996-10-11 IT IT96GE000090A patent/IT1287570B1/it active IP Right Grant
-
1997
- 1997-09-19 ZA ZA9708474A patent/ZA978474B/xx unknown
- 1997-09-25 CA CA002216408A patent/CA2216408C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-09-26 DE DE69712009T patent/DE69712009T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-09-26 EP EP97116777A patent/EP0836066B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-09-26 AT AT97116777T patent/ATE216485T1/de active
- 1997-09-26 ES ES97116777T patent/ES2175238T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-10-02 US US08/942,718 patent/US5899689A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-10-10 BR BR9705011A patent/BR9705011A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-10-10 PL PL97322541A patent/PL322541A1/xx unknown
- 1997-10-10 AU AU40026/97A patent/AU716723B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-10-10 CN CN97120051A patent/CN1128979C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0836066A1 (en) | 1998-04-15 |
| CN1180827A (zh) | 1998-05-06 |
| ITGE960090A1 (it) | 1998-04-11 |
| ITGE960090A0 (it) | 1996-10-11 |
| CA2216408A1 (en) | 1998-04-11 |
| US5899689A (en) | 1999-05-04 |
| ES2175238T3 (es) | 2002-11-16 |
| DE69712009D1 (de) | 2002-05-23 |
| BR9705011A (pt) | 1998-12-01 |
| CA2216408C (en) | 2004-08-17 |
| AU716723B2 (en) | 2000-03-02 |
| MX9707805A (es) | 1998-07-31 |
| ATE216485T1 (de) | 2002-05-15 |
| IT1287570B1 (it) | 1998-08-06 |
| AU4002697A (en) | 1998-04-23 |
| PL322541A1 (en) | 1998-04-14 |
| DE69712009T2 (de) | 2002-11-14 |
| EP0836066B1 (en) | 2002-04-17 |
| ZA978474B (en) | 1998-03-26 |
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