CN112889722A

CN112889722A - Method for controlling pollution of organic shrimps on parallel shrimp production

Info

Publication number: CN112889722A
Application number: CN202110175352.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈锚; 曲学忠; 何娟
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2021-02-07
Filing date: 2021-02-07
Publication date: 2021-06-04

Abstract

A method for controlling pollution of organic shrimps caused by parallel shrimp production is characterized in that a buffer zone is arranged in an organic shrimp production base to prevent parallel production of adjacent plots from polluting the production of the organic shrimps, and the organic shrimps and conventional shrimps are independently processed and stored, so that the yield of the organic shrimps is increased.

Description

Method for controlling pollution of organic shrimps on parallel shrimp production

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of mariculture, and particularly relates to a method for controlling pollution of parallel shrimp production on organic shrimps.

Background

China is a big south America white shrimp breeding country, starts to become an important breed for breeding the shrimps in China in 1999, rapidly develops in the three provinces in south, and has become a shrimp breeding breed which is generally popularized in China and has the top yield up to now; the method has the advantages that while the production is developed at a high speed, serious problems of uneven seedling quality, virus carrying, slow growth and the like occur, and the sustainable development of the penaeus vannamei boone breeding industry in China is directly threatened; since 2017, the cultivation success rate of southern Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and other provinces is reduced sharply, and the cultivation of northern Shandong, Hebei, Tianjin and other provinces in a salt pan special ecological system in the cities of Shandong, Hebei, Tianjin and other provinces is raised regardless of cultivation area, yield, success rate and product quality; the area of the salt pan in the east coastal region of China is 505.5 ten thousand mu, which is far larger than the area of 195 ten thousand mu of the seawater culture pond in China; the salinity of the original group of the penaeus vannamei boone is 10-25 per mill optimally, and the salinity of a special ecosystem of a salt pan is only about 10 percent of 25-30 per mill; the salinity is 30-50 per mill and 50-60 percent, and the salinity is 50-65 per mill and about 30 percent; in addition, the area of the general pond of the salt pan is large and varies from hundreds of mu to thousands of mu, and the water level is only 60-70 cm; the growth period in the north is short; the southern small-area pond culture technology is difficult to copy to a special ecosystem of a salt pan; how to improve the culture area and the yield of the penaeus vannamei boone in the special ecosystem of the salt pan by using the culture mode of the special ecosystem of the salt pan is the problem existing at present.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for controlling pollution of parallel shrimp production on organic shrimps, which comprises the following steps:

1. a conversion period:

the culture of the penaeus vannamei boone is used as closed water area culture, and the conversion period is carried out according to organic standards. The primary brine evaporation pond of the seawater salt field which is not cultured originally is transformed.

2. Parallel production:

all shrimps were done according to organic standards and no regular cultivation was allowed in the farm.

3. And (3) introducing and controlling shrimp larvae:

the introduced shrimp larvae should be organic shrimp larvae, allowing the introduction of conventional shrimp larvae when organic shrimp larvae are not available.

4. Site selection of the farm:

a) the natural water area beside the water surface of the breeding base can not be polluted. The aquatic ecology around the farm is balanced with the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems around the farm, which is helpful to keep the biodiversity of the water area. Originally, exceed thousand mu to several thousand mu, the primary evaporation pond of water level 60~70 cm's sea water salt pan reforms transform into single 100~500 mu, water level 120~150 cm. And (3) arranging ring ditches outside 10-20 meters of the four side slopes, wherein the width of each ring ditch is 20-30 meters, and the depth of each ring ditch is 40-60 cm. Each pond can be provided with an independent drainage system (called ' not ' type) for each condition, and the upstream water outlet can be a downstream water inlet for each condition, and the water flow is S ' type.

b) The culture area is isolated from the outside by adopting a dam, a production road and a large drainage channel, and is favorable for checking the water quality production environment.

5. The cultivation water quality requirement is as follows:

the water quality must meet the requirements of GB11607 fishery water quality standard.

6. Providing bait:

the organic penaeus vannamei boone is cultured and fed with the fairy shrimp (eggs), and no bait is fed.

7. Water quality regulation and control: the water quality can be regulated by using the wheat bran fermented by the bacillus and the lactobacillus, and the wheat bran fermented by the bacillus and the lactobacillus is used once every half month.

8. Disease prevention and control: when the shrimps grow to about 7-8 cm, by utilizing the characteristics that the sick shrimps and the weak shrimps move along the sides of the pool and attached to the water surface, a modified shrimp guide net is placed every 40-50 mu, from the side slope, a 30-50 m 60-mesh net is pulled from 30-50 cm underwater to 5-10 cm above the water surface, the guide net is arranged at one end far away from the side slope, the sick shrimps and the weak shrimps are induced into hubs, and the shrimps are cleaned every 2-3 days, so that the sick shrimps and the weak shrimps are prevented from being eaten by healthy shrimps and the infection source is cut off. 30 g of Vc raw powder is splashed in a full pool before and after the sudden change of weather (cold flow, strong wind, high temperature and the like) in each mu of land. Reeds can be planted in the saline-alkali soil around the aquaculture pond to attract some birds to lay eggs, so that habitat is increased, the birds can timely clean diseased shrimps and weak shrimps floating on the water surface, and the method is also one of effective means for preventing and controlling disease organisms.

9. Natural illumination is carried out during the whole culture period.

10. The shrimp is collected in a wheel mode, when the shrimp is cultured for 50-60 days, the shrimp can be collected by using a labyrinth or a ground cage with corresponding meshes according to the requirements of customers for purchasing shrimp specifications, and the net serving as a disease prevention and control net originally is changed into a net which is 5-10 cm from the bottom of the pond to the water surface.

11. And (3) transportation: all equipment in contact with the organic shrimps is sprayed with 100PPM potassium permanganate aqueous solution for disinfection and is washed clean. The van is required to be insulated; and a glass fiber reinforced plastic barrel with the side length of 70-80 cm, the height of 1.4-1.5 m, the water level of 1.2 m and 1ppm of Vc raw powder are prepared. Four hooks are arranged at four corners of the inner wall of the bottom, four hooks are arranged at four corners of the upper end of the inner wall of the bottom, a mesh bag with a 6-8-mesh lining is arranged in the glass fiber reinforced plastic barrel (the length-width ratio of the mesh bag is 10-15 cm smaller than that of the glass fiber reinforced plastic barrel, and the height of the mesh bag is 15-20 cm smaller than that of the glass fiber reinforced plastic barrel), one side edge of the mesh bag is opened and closed by a zipper or a felt, the layering interval of drawer type with the height of about 15cm is set (the prawn benthic habit can fully utilize the space, and the layering can reduce the mutual damage of thorns in the swimming of the prawns), the lining mesh bag completely opens nanotubes in the mesh bag to inflate through the hooks at 8 corners, 10-20 g of active carbon is added to each layer of drawer, the water temperature is 2-2.5 lower than that of the barrel, the water.

12. Organic shrimp production base sets up the buffer zone and prevents to close on the parallel production of landmass and pollute organic shrimp production.

13. And (3) erecting a warning sign in a junction area of the organic base and the adjacent plots to remind the warning sign to avoid polluting the adjacent plots in the production process.

14. The organic shrimp and the conventional shrimp are separately processed and stored, if the organic shrimp and the conventional shrimp are stored, the organic shrimp and the conventional shrimp are required to be marked, a specific area is marked in a warehouse, and measures such as necessary packaging, necessary labels and the like are taken to ensure that the organic shrimp and the conventional shrimp are not mixed.

15. After the processing of the conventional shrimps is finished, spraying and disinfecting 100PPM potassium permanganate aqueous solution, cleaning and topping the equipment.

16. Before the organic shrimps are processed, 300-500 kg of organic shrimps are used for topping, the conventional shrimps which are remained in the equipment and are processed in the early stage are cleaned out, and the processed products are stored and sold as the conventional shrimps and are recorded correspondingly.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

1. the invention changes the primary evaporation pond of the seawater salt pan into a single culture pond, thereby enlarging the culture area.

2. The fermented minced fish of the lobster and tiger fish and wheat bran are used as the organic fertilizer water in the whole process.

3. The whole process of the shrimp breeding is carried out by the fairy shrimp, which provides high-quality basic bait for the shrimp larvae, not only reduces the feed coefficient and the water pollution, but also can increase the survival rate and accelerate the growth speed of the shrimp larvae.

4. The disease prevention and control is the combination of biological prevention and control and physical prevention and control: the physical prevention and control is to arrange a shrimp guide net to eliminate the sick shrimps by utilizing the characteristics that the sick shrimps and the weak shrimps move along the sides of the pond and are attached to the water surface; the biological prevention and control is to attract birds to clean up sick shrimps and weak shrimps floating on the water surface in time by using the tail of the lance goby and the planted reed.

Detailed Description

Example 1

A method for controlling pollution of organic shrimps caused by parallel shrimp production comprises the following steps:

(1) organic shrimp production base sets up the buffer zone and prevents to close on the parallel production of landmass and pollute organic shrimp production.

(2) And (3) erecting a warning sign in a junction area of the organic base and the adjacent plots to remind the warning sign to avoid polluting the adjacent plots in the production process.

(3) The organic shrimp and the conventional shrimp are separately processed and stored, if the organic shrimp and the conventional shrimp are stored, the organic shrimp and the conventional shrimp are required to be marked, a specific area is marked in a warehouse, and measures such as necessary packaging, necessary labels and the like are taken to ensure that the organic shrimp and the conventional shrimp are not mixed.

(4) After the processing of the conventional shrimps is finished, spraying and disinfecting 100PPM potassium permanganate aqueous solution, cleaning and topping the equipment.

(5) Before the organic shrimps are processed, 300-500 kg of organic shrimps are used for topping, the conventional shrimps which are remained in the equipment and are processed in the early stage are cleaned out, and the processed products are stored and sold as the conventional shrimps and are recorded correspondingly.

The method for breeding the organic shrimps comprises the following steps:

(1) modification: reconstructing an original seawater salt pan evaporation pond with water level of 60-70 cm and water level of more than one thousand mu to several thousand mu into a single culture pond;

(2) pretreatment of the pool bottom: draining water, using 50-200 kg of quicklime in each mu of seawater salt pan culture pond, mechanically ploughing for 20-30 cm, and airing for more than 30 days;

(3) early-stage water treatment: 15-20 days before putting the fries, killing wild trash fishes and other aquatic animals by using tea bran of 20 g/m 3, stirring the prepared speartail goby mincer at intervals of 3 days, soaking and fermenting by using lactic acid bacteria for 3-7 days, and using 0.5-1 kg per mu according to transparency; the wheat bran fermented by the lactic acid bacteria is used at intervals, and 2-3 kilograms of the wheat bran are used per mu until the water transparency is 40-60 cm;

(4) seedling releasing: the water temperature reaches 21-25 ℃, the standard coarse shrimp larvae are 2.0-2.5 cm, and the test of various viruses, vibrios and enterohepatic hydatid and emergency test are carried out; after water testing, the survival rate of the organic shrimp seedlings can reach 95% in 24 hours, and 1.2-1.5 million organic shrimp seedlings are put in each mu;

(5) feeding: feeding the fairy shrimp 1-1.5 kg per mu on the seedling releasing day, and increasing by 5-10% every day in two times; if the water quality transparency is more than 60cm, the feeding amount of the fairy shrimp is reduced to a half; if the water quality transparency is more than 80cm, stopping feeding the artemia cystokiniana, increasing the water change amount, and supplementing minced fillet of the lobster and tiger fish fermented by lactic acid bacteria; feeding the mixed feed for 2-3 meals every day when the shrimp body length is more than 6cm in an auxiliary mode, and adjusting the feeding quantity according to a bait observation platform;

(6) water quality regulation and control: the water quality is regulated and controlled by the cooperation of the bacillus and the wheat bran fermented by the lactic acid bacteria, and the bacillus and the wheat bran fermented by the lactic acid bacteria are used once every half month;

(7) disease prevention and control: after 15-20 days of fry release, the prawn grows for about 5cm, 4-5 cm of the lobster tail goby domesticated and consistent with the salinity of a target pond is released per mu, and when the prawn grows to about 7-8 cm, a prawn guide net is placed every 40-50 mu by utilizing the characteristics that sick shrimps and weak shrimps move along the sides of the pond and attached to the water surface; splashing 30 g of Vc raw powder in a full pool per mu of land before and after sudden change of weather; reed is planted in saline-alkali soil around the aquaculture pond, birds are attracted to lay eggs, habitat is increased, and the birds are attracted to clean diseased shrimps and weak shrimps floating on the water surface in time;

(8) natural illumination is carried out in the whole culture period;

(9) collecting shrimps in a round way, culturing for 50-60 days, using a shrimp guide net with a corresponding net mesh to start collecting the shrimps according to the requirements of customers for purchasing shrimp specifications, collecting the shrimps till the end of 10 months to the beginning of 11 months, discharging water at the temperature lower than 15 ℃, and finishing collecting the shrimps.

The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and all equivalent changes or modifications of the structures, features and principles described in the claims of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for controlling pollution of organic shrimps caused by parallel shrimp production is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) the organic shrimp production base is provided with a buffer zone to prevent the parallel production of adjacent plots from polluting the production of organic shrimps;

(2) erecting a warning sign in a junction area of the organic base and the adjacent plots to remind the organic base to avoid polluting the adjacent plots in the production process;

(3) the organic shrimps and the conventional shrimps are processed and stored independently, if the organic shrimps and the conventional shrimps are stored, the organic shrimps and the conventional shrimps need to be marked, a specific area is marked in a warehouse, and necessary measures such as packaging, labeling and the like are taken to ensure that the organic shrimps are not mixed with the conventional products;

(4) after the conventional shrimps are processed, spraying and disinfecting 100PPM potassium permanganate aqueous solution on the equipment, cleaning and topping;

2. The method for controlling the pollution of the organic shrimps caused by the parallel shrimp production as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for cultivating the organic shrimps in the step (5) comprises the following steps:

(8) natural illumination is carried out in the whole culture period;