CN112878038A - 一种吸附灭活病毒无纺布及其生产方法与应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种吸附灭活病毒无纺布及其生产方法与应用。该吸附灭活病毒无纺布包括吸附灭活病毒纳米功能材料和无纺布。本发明所述吸附灭活病毒无纺布材料易于生产、透气性好，并且对新型冠状病毒SARS‑CoV‑2具有直接吸附灭活作用。可用于生产具有吸附灭活病毒功能的口罩、防护服和净化器、空调过滤器等。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种吸附灭活病毒无纺布及其生产方法，属于特种无纺布生产技术领域。
背景技术
病毒是一种非细胞生命形态，它由一个核酸长链(DNA或RNA)和蛋白质外壳构成，病毒的蛋白质外壳称为衣壳，冠状病毒表面还包裹着蛋白质胞膜和刺突结构，与衣壳共同决定病毒的特异性。病毒的传播和感染已成为人类的最大威胁之一，近几十年来，病毒性传染病呈现不断增高的趋势，如艾滋病病毒、埃博拉病毒等感染的疾病夺去了许多人的生命。
现在所有针对病毒的防护设备如口罩、防护服等均是起到隔绝病毒的作用，并不能有效灭活病毒，特别是中央空调系统如果在通风系统中不能将病毒灭活反而更容易造成病毒的传播。因此，亟需开发对病毒具有吸附和灭活功能的材料和防护产品，如口罩、防护服、空调滤芯等用于个人、家庭以及医院、车站等大型公共场的防护，在隔绝病毒的同时可以吸附和灭活病毒，从而有效遏制病毒的传播和感染，保护人民的身体健康。
从分子的角度看，病毒是脆弱的，病毒所包含的核糖核酸、蛋白质衣壳以及蛋白质包膜等生物大分子没有一般的有机物小分子稳定，易于水解或氧化失活。因此，无机固体材料的氧化还原性，酸碱性等能够实现对病毒的灭活。刘中民等(催化学报[J]，2003，24(5)：232-327，中国专利CN 1242815C)开发了一类对病毒具有吸附和灭活作用的多孔固体材料，经检测对副流感病毒具有直接灭活作用，同时对人疱疹病毒和人腺病毒具有抑制作用，但没有将材料应用到防护产品中。
发明内容
本发明的目的一方面在于提供一种具有吸附灭活病毒功能的无纺布，所述的吸附灭活病毒无纺布，易于生产、透气性好，并且对新型冠状病毒 (SARS-CoV-2)具有直接吸附灭活作用。
包括无纺布和吸附灭活病毒纳米功能材料，将吸附灭活病毒纳米功能材料通过分散剂和胶黏剂固载在所述无纺布上。所述的吸附灭活病毒无纺布上固载的吸附灭活病毒纳米功能材料质量含量为0.2～50％。所述的胶黏剂在吸附灭活病毒无纺布上质量含量为0.1～10％。
可选地，所述的无纺布由涤纶、丙纶、锦纶、氨纶、氯纶、腈纶中的至少一种纤维制成，所述无纺布的面密度为5～200g/m2。
可选地，所述的胶黏剂为水性丙烯酸树脂、水性聚氨酯、聚乙烯醇或聚醋酸乙烯中的一种或几种混合。
可选地，所述分散剂为硬脂酸钠、十二烷基磺酸钠和焦磷酸钠中的一种或几种混合。
可选地，所述分散剂与所述吸附灭活病毒纳米功能材料的质量比为 0.01～1：0.1～20。
可选地，所述的吸附灭活病毒纳米功能材料为ZrO2、ZnO、TiO2、 CaSiO3、Al2O3、SiO2、A型分子筛、X型分子筛中的一种或几种混合。
可选地，所述的吸附灭活病毒纳米功能材料的粒径为0.5～100nm，优选20～100nm。
本发明的目的第二方面，在于提供了上述任一项所述的吸附灭活病毒无纺布的生产方法，包括以下步骤：
(a)将分散剂、吸附灭活病毒纳米功能材料和水按质量比0.01～1： 0.1～20：79～99.9混合，在温度40～80℃条件下机械搅拌1～30min，然后冷却至室温，获得一种稳定的吸附灭活病毒乳状液，即含有吸附灭活病毒纳米功能材料的混合液；
(b)室温下将胶黏剂用水稀释至质量含量为0.1～10％，并机械搅拌 1～30min，获得胶黏剂溶液；
(c)室温下将无纺布置于步骤(b)所述的胶黏剂溶液中浸泡0.05～5 分钟，然后40～120℃烘干，获得浸渍胶黏剂的无纺布；
(d)将步骤(c)所述的浸渍胶黏剂的无纺布浸泡在步骤(a)所述的灭活病毒乳状液中0.05～10min，然后热轧、40～120℃烘干，获得吸附灭活病毒无纺布。
在一具体实施例中，所述的吸附灭活病毒纳米功能材料由ZrO2、TiO2、 ZnO和13X分子筛按照质量比为20～30：30～40：15～25：15～25的比例组成。可选地，所述分散剂、吸附灭活病毒纳米功能材料和水质量比为0.1 ～0.2：8～12：80～98.8。
所述热轧温度为40～260℃，轧压线压力为2～400Kgf/cm。
进一步优选地，所述热轧温度为60～180℃，轧辊线压力为10～150 Kgf/cm。
本发明的目的第三方面，提供了上述任一项所述的吸附灭活病毒无纺布和上述任一项所述的生产方法生产的吸附灭活病毒无纺布中的至少一种应用于口罩、防护服、净化器和空调过滤器中。
本发明具有如下有益效果：
本发明所述的吸附灭活病毒无纺布，易于生产、透气性好，并且吸附灭活病毒无纺布对新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)具有直接灭活作用。该吸附灭活病毒无纺布可用于制备具有吸附灭活病毒功能的口罩、防护服和净化器、空调过滤器等。
附图说明
图1为本发明制备的吸附灭活病毒无纺布(YG-F55)处理新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)后，剩余上清液中病毒核酸的扩增曲线。
图2为本发明制备的吸附灭活病毒无纺布(YG-F55)处理新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)后，剩余上清液中病毒含量相对于无处理组的减少百分比。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例详述本发明，但本发明并不局限于这些实施例。同时实施例只是给出实现制备吸附灭活病毒无纺布生产的部分条件，但并不意味着必须满足这些条件才可以达到此目的。
如无特别说明，实施例中所采用原料均来自商业购买，仪器设备采用厂家推荐的参数设置。
实施例1吸附灭活病毒无纺布的制备
实施例中所采用的无纺布为商业购买的涤纶短纤维无纺布，命名为 YG-F00，面密度为35g/m2。吸附灭活病毒无纺布的具体制备步骤为：
(a)取1g十二烷基磺酸钠，ZrO2(粒径分布为20～50nm)25g、 TiO2(粒径分布为20～50nm)35g、ZnO(粒径分布为20～50nm)20g 和13X分子筛(粒径分布为20～50nm)20g充分混合后加入到900g去离子水中，在60℃条件下，机械搅拌20min，降至室温制成吸附灭活病毒乳状液。
(2)将50g聚乙烯醇加入1000g水中，机械搅拌20min，制成胶黏剂溶液。
(3)将涤纶短纤维无纺布浸泡到胶黏剂溶液中0.5min，然后在80℃烘箱中放置6h烘干。
(4)将上述烘干的浸渍胶黏剂的无纺布浸泡到步骤(1)得到的吸附灭活病毒乳状液中，浸渍2min，然后用小型热轧机进行热轧处理，轧压温度为120℃，轧压线压力为100Kgf/cm，然后在80℃烘箱中放置6h烘干，获得吸附灭活病毒无纺布，命名为YG-F55。
称重测量吸附灭活病毒无纺布上固载的吸附灭活病毒纳米功能材料质量含量为21.2％。
实施例2吸附灭活病毒无纺布透气性测试
采用YG461E数字式透气量仪，按国标GB/T5453进行测试。
对吸附灭活病毒无纺布YG-F55和对比无纺布即商业购买的涤纶短纤维无纺布YG-F00的透气性进行测试，测试结果如表1所示。
表1
可见，实施例1制备的吸附灭活病毒无纺布YG-F55具有良好的透气性能。
实施例3吸附灭活病毒无纺布(YG-F55)吸附灭活新型冠状病毒 (SARS-CoV-2)的体外试验
吸附灭活病毒无纺布吸附灭活新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)的体外试验由安徽省疾病预防控制中心(以下简称安徽CDC)实施。
测试材料：
1.受试物
实施例1中所制备的吸附灭活病毒无纺布YG-F55。
2.病毒株
SARS-CoV-2冠状病毒：由安徽CDC实验室从病人咽拭子中分离的病毒BetaCoV/Anhui/SZ005/2020(EPI_ISL_413485)，第一代。
3.试验方法
取2cm×10cm面积的吸附灭活病毒无纺布(YG-F55)(含吸附灭活病毒纳米功能材料18.8mg)放入无菌1.5ml EP管，加入800μl的SARS-CoV-2病毒液(3.5×108拷贝数病毒)混合均匀后，每间隔5分钟摇动一次。在室温下作用30分钟后，3000rpm离心5分钟，每管吸取250μl 上清液于新的无菌EP管中(保证每管吸取上清液等量)。此后，对上清液进行处理后提取RNA。每管提取的RNA做3个重复的qRT-PCR实验(逆转录定量聚合酶链式反应)。
4.试验结果
吸附灭活病毒无纺布(YG-F55)吸附灭活新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2) 的体外试验结果如图1和图2所示。其中，无处理是指对病毒液无处理。
5.结论
试验结果表明吸附灭活病毒无纺布(YG-F55)具有直接吸附灭活新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)的作用，2cm×10cm面积的吸附灭活病毒无纺布 (YG-F55)(含吸附灭活病毒纳米功能材料18.8mg)对3.5×108拷贝数的新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)吸附灭活效率为84％。
以上所述，仅是本发明的实施例，并非对本发明做任何形式的限制，虽然本发明以较佳实施例揭示如上，然而并非用以限制本发明，任何熟悉本专业的技术人员，在不脱离本发明技术方案的范围内，利用上述揭示的技术内容做出些许的变动或修饰均等同于等效实施案例，均属于本发明技术方案范围内。
Claims (9)
1.一种吸附灭活病毒无纺布，其特征在于，包括吸附灭活病毒纳米功能材料和无纺布，将吸附灭活病毒纳米功能材料通过分散剂和胶黏剂固载在所述无纺布上；所述的吸附灭活病毒无纺布上固载的吸附灭活病毒纳米功能材料质量含量为0.2～50％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的吸附灭活病毒无纺布，其特征在于，所述的无纺布由涤纶、丙纶、锦纶、乙纶、氨纶、氯纶、腈纶中的至少一种纤维制成；
所述无纺布的面密度为5～200g/m2。
3.根据权利要求1所述的吸附灭活病毒无纺布，其特征在于，所述的吸附灭活病毒纳米功能材料为ZrO2、ZnO、TiO2、CaSiO3、Al2O3、SiO2、A型分子筛、X型分子筛中的一种或几种混合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的吸附灭活病毒无纺布，其特征在于，所述分散剂为硬脂酸钠、十二烷基磺酸钠和焦磷酸钠中的一种或几种混合；
所述分散剂与所述吸附灭活病毒纳米功能材料的质量比为0.01～1：0.1～20。
5.根据权利要求1所述的吸附灭活病毒无纺布，其特征在于，所述的胶黏剂为水性丙烯酸树脂、水性聚氨酯、聚乙烯醇或聚醋酸乙烯中的一种或几种混合；
所述的胶黏剂在吸附灭活病毒无纺布上质量含量为0.1～10％。
6.根据权利要求3所述的吸附灭活病毒无纺布，其特征在于，所述的吸附灭活病毒纳米功能材料的粒径为0.5～100nm。
7.根据权利要求1～6任一项所述的吸附灭活病毒无纺布的生产方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(a)将分散剂、所述吸附灭活病毒纳米功能材料和水按质量比0.01～1：0.1～20：79～99.9混合，在温度40～80℃条件下机械搅拌1～30min，然后冷却至室温，获得吸附灭活病毒乳状液；
(b)室温下将所述胶黏剂用水稀释至质量含量为0.1～10％，并机械搅拌1～30min，获得胶黏剂溶液；
(c)室温下将所述无纺布置于步骤(b)所述的胶黏剂溶液中浸泡0.05～5min，然后40～120℃烘干，获得浸渍胶黏剂的无纺布；
(d)将步骤(c)所述的浸渍胶黏剂的无纺布浸泡在步骤(a)所述的灭活病毒乳状液中0.05～10min，然后热轧、40～120℃烘干，获得吸附灭活病毒无纺布。
8.根据权利要求7所述的的吸附灭活病毒无纺布的生产方法，其特征在于，所述热轧的具体条件包括：
热轧温度为40～260℃，轧压线压力为2～400Kgf/cm。
9.根据权利要求1～6任一项所述的吸附灭活病毒无纺布和权利要求7～8任一项所述的生产方法生产的吸附灭活病毒无纺布中的至少一种应用于口罩、防护服、净化器和空调过滤器中。
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