CN112870293A - 一种外伤用中药组合物及其应用 - Google Patents

一种外伤用中药组合物及其应用 Download PDF

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CN112870293A
CN112870293A CN201911196846.6A CN201911196846A CN112870293A CN 112870293 A CN112870293 A CN 112870293A CN 201911196846 A CN201911196846 A CN 201911196846A CN 112870293 A CN112870293 A CN 112870293A
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parts
trauma
sponge
dressing
gelatin
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张玉萌
何新荣
栗晓东
赵锦媛
孟庆隆
傅深盈
赵英歌
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Chinese PLA General Hospital
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Abstract

本发明涉及医药领域,具体地,涉及一种外伤用中药组合物及其应用。本发明的外伤用中药组合物,按重量份计包括:五倍子10~30份、大黄10~30份、白及10~15份、芒硝10~20份、地锦草10~15份、血竭粉2~5份、三七粉3~6份。本发明将临床经验方与现代辅料相结合,制备出新型敷合制剂,使用便捷且具有能快速止血、止痛、抑菌药效。

Description

一种外伤用中药组合物及其应用
技术领域
本发明涉及医药领域,具体地,涉及一种外伤用中药组合物及其应用。
背景技术
战创伤是一种不可忽视的疾病,创面的难愈性带给伤员沉重的身体伤害和心理负担,也给当今临床医学提出了巨大的挑战。目前医用敷料的发展十分迅速,市面上出现的敷料类型很多,但没有任何一种敷料能达到临床理想的治疗效果。
当前使用复合中药外用湿敷最普遍的敷料是纱布,纱布多由棉花、软麻布和亚麻布加工而成,属于惰性敷料,对创面的愈合无明显促进作用。这种敷料虽然具有吸收性好、保护创面、制作简单、价格便宜、可重复使用等优点,但其缺点也很突出:(1)不能很好地解决创面渗液,可由于创面积液而易引起细菌感染,需要多次更换;(2)复合中药量较少,不能长时间地作用创面;(3)使用时,创面肉芽组织向敷料内生长而引起粘连,解除可引起疼痛,容易二次创伤;(4)不具有替代皮肤屏障功能,对创面不具有生物学保护功能,不能有效地减少热能、蛋白质和离子的丢失,及阻止细菌在创面上定植和入侵;(5)不能维护创面微环境,不具有保湿性;(6)本身不具有调控和促进创面愈合的功能。
目前明胶海绵是临床中常用的创面止血材料,明胶属于一种大分子的亲水胶体,具有较大比表面积,吸水量可达自身体积的30倍以上,可用于创伤口渗血区止血、急救止血和各种手术止血,敷于出血部位可形成良好的凝血环境,加速血液凝固。但如何处理大面积创伤带来的疼痛和感染仍是一个难题,如何制备高效止血、止疼、抗炎的新型复合海绵材料具有重要的临床实际意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服目前没有任何一种敷料能达到临床理想的治疗效果,提供一种外伤用中药组合物,以及药物与敷料复合成治疗创伤的新型外用中药制剂,其优势在无论火线或院前急救,既快速有效止血、适应任何部位出血,又能减轻止血过程对患肢血循环造成的不利影响的有效、便捷、廉价止血方法。
本发明的外伤用中药组合物,按重量份计包括:五倍子10~30份、大黄10~30份、白及10~15份、芒硝10~20份、地锦草10~15份、血竭粉2~5份、三七粉3~6份。
本发明的外伤用中药组合物中的各中药作用:
五倍子:酸、涩,寒,归肺、大肠、贤经。敛肺降火,涩肠止泻,敛汗,止血,收湿敛疮。用于肺虚久咳,肺热痰嗽,久泻久痢,自汗盗汗,消渴,便血痔血,外伤出血,痈肿疮毒,皮肤湿烂。
大黄:苦,寒。归脾、胃、大肠、肝、心包经。功能与主治:泻下攻积,清热泻火,凉血解毒,逐瘀通经,利湿退黄。用于实热积滞便秘,血热吐衄,目赤咽肿,痈肿疔疮,肠痈腹痛,瘀血经闭,产后瘀阻,跌打损伤,湿热痢疾,黄疸尿赤,淋证,水肿;外治烧烫伤。
白及:苦、甘、涩,微寒。归肺、肝、胃经。收敛止血,消肿生肌。用于咯血,吐血,外伤出血,疮疡肿毒,皮肤皲裂。
芒硝:咸、苦,寒。归胃、大肠经。功能与主治:泻下通便,润燥软坚,清火消肿。用于实热积滞,腹满胀痛,大便燥结,肠痈肿痛;外治乳痈,痔疮肿痛。
地锦草:辛,平。归肝、大肠经。功能主治:清热解毒,凉血止血,利湿退黄。用于痢疾,泄泻,咯血,尿血,便血,崩漏,疮疖痈肿,湿热黄疸。
血竭:甘、咸,平。归心、肝经。功能主治:活血定痛,化瘀止血,生肌敛疮。用于跌打损伤,心腹瘀痛,外伤出血,疮疡不敛。
三七:甘、微苦,温。归肝、胃经。功能主治:散瘀止血,消肿定痛。用于咯血,吐血,衄血,便血,崩漏,外伤出血,胸腹剌痛,跌扑肿痛。
本发明还提供了上述的中药组合物在制备外伤用药物中的应用。
本发明还提供了一种外伤用药物制剂,包括上述的中药组合物。
根据本发明所述的外伤用药物制剂,其中作为一种选择,所述外伤用药物制剂可以但不限于为散剂或膏剂。
本发明还提供了一种外伤用敷合海绵,包括上述的中药组合物和敷料。作为一种选择,所述敷料可以但不限于为医用明胶海绵。
根据本发明所述的外伤用敷合海绵,其中作为一种选择,所述中药组合物和敷料重量比为0.3:1.0~0.8:1.0。
本发明还提供一种外伤用敷合海绵的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将五倍子、大黄、白及和地锦草碎成小块,加水浸泡0.5~1小时后,煎煮2~3次,每次0.5~1小时,合并2~3次滤液,加入芒硝,待溶化后过滤即得煎煮液,备用;
(2)取明胶加水浸泡0.5~1小时,使膨胀软化,然后加热溶解,保温备用;
(3)将明胶溶液、水煎药液、交联剂混合,并加入三七粉和血竭粉,搅拌均匀,使发生交联反应;
(4)将(3)制得的明胶混合溶液倒入密闭容器内静置;
(5)冷却后进行冰冻,使明胶混合溶液固化形成海绵;
(6)将已冰冻的海绵除去交联剂;
(7)二次冻干,灭菌,制得外伤用敷合海绵。
根据本发明所述的制备方法,可以将制得的外伤用敷合海绵海绵剪成小块,装入启封袋中密封;也可以将已冰冻的海绵烘干后先剪成小块,然后再灭菌后装入启封袋中密封。
根据本发明所述的制备方法,其中作为一种选择,步骤(2)具体可以选择在1000mL玻璃杯中,参照加入20~25g粒状明胶加水250~300LmL浸泡,所加水可以是蒸馏水或超纯水等。步骤(2)于40~50℃水浴上加热溶解,反应时间为3~4h。
根据本发明所述的制备方法,其中作为一种选择,步骤(3)在40~50℃下搅拌,打泡至不再产生泡沫(一般是均匀细腻的泡沫)为止,所述搅拌转速优选为1000~4000r/min。
进一步地,步骤(3)交联剂可以使用甲醛或戊二醛。
交联剂用量为明胶质量的0.05%~1.0%,具体形式可以使用甲醛或戊二醛的溶液,浓度可以选择2%~10%。
进一步地,步骤(4)可以选择静置10~30min,例如但不限于10min、15min、20min等。所述密闭容器可以选择本领域任意的公知容器,在此不做特别限定。
进一步地,步骤(5)与(7)的冰冻不可速冻,待冷却后开始降温冻干,待温度降至-80℃,维持1h以上,降温速度为10~30℃/h。
本发明对步骤(6)除去交联剂的方法不做特别限定,任何可以除去交联剂的方法均可,例如但不限于将已冰冻的海绵浸泡于无水乙醇中除去交联剂。
进一步可选择地,步骤(7)所述灭菌可以是将已冰冻的海绵放入120~150℃烘箱中干热灭菌2~3小时。
进一步地,作为一种优选,本发明制备过程中用水均使用无菌蒸馏水或无菌超纯水。
本发明的外伤用敷合海绵的使用方法如下:将渗血拭净,立即用敷合海绵贴敷创面,根据情况可用手加以压迫,即可止血。使用时,可根据受伤部位的情况选择或组合不同大小规格的海绵。
本发明将临床经验方与现代辅料相结合,制备出新型敷合制剂,使用便捷且具有能快速止血、止痛、抑菌药效,解决目前现有技术的不足。
本发明基于传统中药对战创伤口的抑菌和收敛生肌作用优势,结合运用现代制剂技术,复合新型敷料制备黄硝复合胶原海绵,从创面愈合的复杂动态过程中寻找到了有效的治疗方法。
本发明的中药散剂根据中医理论,采用7味中药组方,达到抑菌抗炎、止血止痛、消肿生肌的效果。本发明外敷海绵使用后海绵吸湿性好,海绵中敷合的药物快速被皮肤吸收,很快达到消肿止痛的效果,短时间就会有水分通过皮肤渗出并被外敷海绵吸收,急救止血止痛效果显著,而且抗炎作用明显,2~4天即可实现受伤部位显著消肿,同时该外敷海绵复合的药物有明显的活血通络的效果,有助于受伤部位的功能恢复。
具体实施方式
为了更好地理解本发明的技术方案,以下结合实施例对本发明做进一步的描述。
实施例1
止血有效性实验
(1)实验设计
选用健康新西兰兔15只,随机分为五组,其中1~3组为实验组,分别为实验组1、实验组2和实验组3,实验组采用本发明实施制备的外伤用敷合海绵,即黄硝明胶海绵材料。同时设置两组对比组,分别为纱布对比组和市售明胶海绵对比组。
其中,实验组1使用的黄硝明胶海绵中的中药组合物,包括:五倍子10g、大黄10g、白及15g、芒硝10g、地锦草15g、血竭粉2g、三七粉3g。
所述中药组合物和医用明胶海绵重量比为0.8:1.0。
制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将五倍子、大黄、白及和地锦草碎成小块,加水浸泡1小时后,煎煮2次,每次1小时,合并2次滤液,加入芒硝,待溶化后过滤即得煎煮液,备用;
(2)取明胶加水浸泡1小时,使膨胀软化,然后40℃水浴3小时溶解,保温备用;
(3)将明胶溶液、水煎药液、交联剂(10%甲醛溶液,其中甲醛总量为明胶质量的1.0%)混合,并加入三七粉和血竭粉,40℃,2500r/min搅拌均匀,打泡至不再产生泡沫为止,使发生交联反应;
(4)将(3)制得的明胶混合溶液倒入密闭容器内,静置10min;
(5)冷却后进行冰冻,使明胶混合溶液固化形成海绵;
(6)将已冰冻的海绵浸泡入无水乙醇中除去交联剂;
(7)二次冻干,待温度降至-80℃,维持1h,降温速度为20℃/h;冻干后120℃烘干灭菌2小时,制得外伤用敷合海绵。
实验组2使用的黄硝明胶海绵中的中药组合物,包括:五倍子30g、大黄30g、白及10g、芒硝20g、地锦草10g、血竭粉5g、三七粉6g。
所述中药组合物和医用明胶海绵重量比为0.3:1.0。
制备方法:步骤(3)交联剂选用2%戊二醛溶液,其中戊二醛总量为明胶质量的0.05%,其它同实验组1。
实验组3使用的黄硝明胶海绵中的中药组合物,包括:五倍子20g、大黄20g、白及12g、芒硝15g、地锦草12g、血竭粉3g、三七粉4g。
所述中药组合物和医用明胶海绵重量比为0.5:1.0。
制备方法:步骤(3)交联剂选用5%甲醛溶液,其中戊二醛总量为明胶质量的0.1%,其它同实验组1。
(2)实验方法
具体实验方法为:
1.兔子被麻醉后,固定,腹部朝上,打开腹腔,充分暴露肝脏,用手术刀在肝脏表上作约1cm×1cm创口,造成肝脏创伤出血模型;
2.模型建立后,取已称重纱布(w0),快速覆盖创面,略用力按压,同时开始计时,10s后移除纱布,称取重量(w1),w1-w0为出血量数值;
3.移除纱布后迅速覆盖止血材料,并在止血材料上覆盖纱布,用力按压纱布,按压期间每隔5s移开纱布观察创面出血情况,不见渗血时,停止计时,记录止血时间。
(3)实验结果
实验过程中止血时间超过5min则判为止血失败,每组分别进行三次实验,计算每组平均值,止血时间及止血效果情况如表1所示。
表1明胶海绵的止血有效性测试结果
Figure BDA0002294868960000051
Figure BDA0002294868960000061
从表1可以看出,本发明的黄硝明胶海绵的止血速度比医用纱布和市售的明胶海绵的止血速度明显更快,表明本发明制备的黄硝明胶止血海绵具有很好的止血效果。
抑菌有效性实验
(1)实验设计
对黄硝明胶海绵主要成分抑菌效果进行研究,预期药效(M)=Mm+∑∣D∣/G,其中Mm为各组抑菌圈直径均数的平均值,D=M1-M2,M1为用某药各组抑菌圈直径的均数之和;M2为未用某药各组抑菌圈直径的均数之和,G为分组组数。
(2)实验方法
具体实验方法为:
在无菌操作台上,将金黄色葡萄球菌、肠球菌分别划线接种于平皿培养基上,振荡培养箱中培养12h后,用接种环挑取适量的细菌培养物,均匀地涂布于琼脂培养基上。将实验组3中的中药组合物制成药敏片,用镊子将干燥后的药敏片平贴于培养基表面,使其与表面完全贴合,将琼脂培养基倒置放入培养箱中,37℃下培养24h,观察结果,用游标卡尺测量直径,3次测量取平均值。实验操作中使用的仪器均经过灭菌处理。
(3)实验结果
黄硝明胶海绵主要成分的抑菌试验结果可知,对金黄色葡萄球菌的预期药效24.8mm,对肠球菌的预期药效17.3mm,验证试验证明该组合对金黄色葡萄球菌和临床耐药肠球菌的抑菌圈直径分别为19.89±1.11mm和15.58±1.63mm。
最后所应说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制。尽管参照实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应该理解,对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,都不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。

Claims (10)

1.一种外伤用中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物按重量份计包括:五倍子10~30份、大黄10~30份、白及10~15份、芒硝10~20份、地锦草10~15份、血竭粉2~5份、三七粉3~6份。
2.权利要求1所述的中药组合物在制备外伤用药物中的应用。
3.一种外伤用药物制剂,其特征在于,包括权利要求1所述的中药组合物。
4.根据权利要求3所述的外伤用药物制剂,其特征在于,所述外伤用药物制剂为散剂或膏剂。
5.一种外伤用敷合海绵,其特征在于,包括权利要求1所述的中药组合物和敷料。
6.根据权利要求5所述的外伤用敷合海绵,其特征在于,所述敷料为医用明胶海绵。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的外伤用敷合海绵,其特征在于,所述中药组合物和敷料重量比为0.3:1.0~0.8:1.0。
8.一种外伤用敷合海绵的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将五倍子、大黄、白及和地锦草碎成小块,加水浸泡0.5~1小时后,煎煮2~3次,每次0.5~1小时,合并滤液,加入芒硝,待溶化后过滤即得煎煮液,备用;
(2)取明胶加水浸泡0.5~1小时,使膨胀软化,然后加热溶解,保温备用;
(3)将明胶溶液、水煎药液、交联剂混合,并加入三七粉和血竭粉,搅拌均匀,使发生交联反应;
(4)将步骤(3)制得的明胶混合溶液倒入密闭容器内静置;
(5)冷却后进行冰冻,使明胶混合溶液固化形成海绵;
(6)将已冰冻的海绵除去交联剂;
(7)二次冻干,灭菌,制得外伤用敷合海绵。
9.根据权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)于40~50℃水浴上加热溶解,反应时间为3~4h。
10.根据权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)在40~50℃下搅拌,所述搅拌转速为1000~4000r/min。
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