CN112868678A - 一种植物抗菌除螨剂及其制备方法和包含该植物抗菌除螨剂的日用品 - Google Patents
一种植物抗菌除螨剂及其制备方法和包含该植物抗菌除螨剂的日用品 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种植物抗菌除螨剂,按重量份计包含:百里香提取液1‑20份;迷迭香提取液1‑25份;苦参提取液1‑10份;艾叶提取液1‑10份;甘草提取液1‑10份;蒲公英提取液1‑10份;乙醇1‑20份;月桂胺二亚丙基二胺1‑40份;苯氧乙醇1‑50份;丙二醇20‑70份。本发明将植物提取液以一定比例进行组合,其中以百里香、迷迭香提取液为主,具有良好除螨驱螨功效;以苦参、艾叶、甘草、蒲公英提取液为辅,达到“君药臣辅”的效果,在月桂胺二亚丙基二胺作用下可使各植物提取液相辅相成地释放特殊香味,以达到高效驱螨效果。植物提取液活性分子会作用螨虫的脑部神经细胞,刺激脑部神经元致使螨虫进入深度“睡眠”以达到高效灭螨效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及日化产品技术领域,具体涉及一种植物抗菌除螨剂及其制备方法和包含该植物抗菌除螨剂的日用品。
背景技术
螨虫是一种对人体健康危害很大的一种微小生物,其身体大小约为0.5mm左右,有些可小到0.1mm。它广泛存在于我们日常生活的每个角落,如地毯、沙发、床垫、枕头、凉席等,可寄生于人体皮肤的毛囊皮脂腺中,吸取细胞内营养物质和皮脂分泌物,从而损伤人体皮肤;并且其排泄物及其残骸是强烈的过敏源,可引发哮喘、炎症、湿疹等过敏性疾病。目前大多数人采用的除螨方法为物理方法,如使用除螨仪,太阳暴晒和经常洗涤等方法,这些方法虽然可以达到一定的除螨效果,但都不是一种方便有效的办法,都比较费时费力。随着天然环保的理念深入,提取天然活性成分用于日用品已经成为了研究热点。
基于此,本发明通过提取植物天然活性成分,利用简单可行的制备工艺,制备了一种具有高效除螨效果的植物除螨抗菌剂,该产品仅需添加少量在产品中,即可在空气、床褥等地方达到很好的抗菌除螨效果。
发明内容
本发明的首要目的是在于提供一种植物抗菌除螨剂,其具有高效的除螨、驱螨效果,且具有较高安全性。采用该方法制得植物抗菌除螨剂体系稳定、即有抗菌功效又有很好除螨效果且耐高温。
为达此目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一方面,提供一种植物抗菌除螨剂,按重量份计,包含以下组份:
百里香提取液1-20份,例如1.1份、1.2份、1.3份、1.4份、.5份、1.7份、1.85份、2份、2.2份、2.5份、3份、3.5份、4份、5份、6份、7份、8份、9份、10份、12份、14份、15份、16份、18份、19份或者20份等;
迷迭香提取液1-25份,例如1.1份、1.2份、1.3份、1.4份、.5份、1.7份、1.85份、2份、2.2份、2.5份、3份、3.5份、4份、5份、6份、7份、8份、9份、10份、12份、14份、15份、16份、18份、19份、20份、21份、22份、23份、24份或者25份等;
苦参提取液1-10份,例如1.1份、1.2份、1.3份、1.4份、.5份、1.7份、1.85份、2份、2.2份、2.5份、3份、3.5份、4份、5份、6份、7份、8份、9份或者10份等;
艾叶提取液1-10份,例如1.1份、1.2份、1.3份、1.4份、.5份、1.7份、1.85份、2份、2.2份、2.5份、3份、3.5份、4份、5份、6份、7份、8份、9份或者10份等;
甘草提取液1-10份,例如1.1份、1.2份、1.3份、1.4份、.5份、1.7份、1.85份、2份、2.2份、2.5份、3份、3.5份、4份、5份、6份、7份、8份、9份或者10份等;
蒲公英提取液1-10份,例如1.1份、1.2份、1.3份、1.4份、.5份、1.7份、1.85份、2份、2.2份、2.5份、3份、3.5份、4份、5份、6份、7份、8份、9份或者10份等;
乙醇1-20份,例如1.1份、1.2份、1.3份、1.4份、.5份、1.7份、1.85份、2份、2.2份、2.5份、3份、3.5份、4份、5份、6份、7份、8份、9份、10份、12份、14份、15份、16份、18份、19份或者20份等;
月桂胺二亚丙基二胺1-40份,例如1.1份、1.2份、1.3份、1.4份、.5份、1.7份、1.85份、2份、2.2份、2.5份、3份、3.5份、4份、5份、6份、7份、8份、9份、10份、12份、14份、15份、16份、18份、19份、20份、21份、22份、23份、25份、26份、7份、8份、9份、30份、32份、35份、37份或者39份等;
苯氧乙醇1-50份,例如1.1份、1.2份、1.3份、1.4份、.5份、1.7份、1.85份、2份、2.2份、2.5份、3份、3.5份、4份、5份、6份、7份、8份、9份、10份、10.2份、10.5份、10.8份、11份、11.5份、12份、12.5份、13份、14份、15份、16份、18份、20份、22份、25份、28份、30份、33份、35份、37.5份、39份、40份、42份、45份、47份或者49份等。
丙二醇20-70份,例如20份、20.2份、20.5份、20.8份、21份、21.5份、22份、22.5份、23份、24份、25份、26份、28份、30份、32份、35份、38份、40份、43份、45份、47.5份、49份、50份、51份、53份、55份、58份、60份、62份、65份、67份或者69份等。
本发明中,百里香(Thymus mongolicus Ronn)灌木状常绿草本,叶为卵圆形,花序头状,花萼管状钟形或狭钟形,花冠紫红、紫或淡紫、粉红色,花期7-8月,小坚果近圆形或卵圆形。百里香可治疗多种疾病,气味甜而又似药草味。它可治消化不良、周身疼痛、祛风镇痛、小腹胀满、牙痛、治胃寒痛、淋炸肿痛、治感冒、祛风、健脾消食、止咳化痰、温中散寒,胃止呕和清暑解热、镇痉、驱风、强壮作用。全草均含挥发油,以花盛时含量最高。其主要成分为百里香酚、香荆芥酚、芳樟醇和对-聚伞花素等多种化合物。黄芩素、葡萄糖苷、木犀草素-7-葡萄糖苷、芹菜素等黄酮成分和挥发油。
百里香提取物主要药理作用为:
(1)、抗菌消炎止痛作用
百里香提取物百里香精油对蔬菜加工过程中的气单胞菌属细菌具有调节控制作用。百里香芳香油对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和大肠杆菌均有不同程度的抑制作用。另外,百里香提取物还能够抑制中式香肠冷藏过程中杂菌的繁殖。
(2)、抗氧化作用
百里香甲醇提取物是采集的野生植物所有提取物中抗氧化活性较强之一。百里香芳香油添加到1200mg/kg时的抗氧化能力和200mg/kg二丁基甲苯(BHT)的抗氧化能力接近,同时不影响大豆油的颜色和气味。以对二苯代苦味肼基自由基(DPPH)的清除作用为指标,对百里香等16种植物挥发油的抗氧化作用评价结果显示,在这16种植物中,百里香挥发油具有中等的抗氧化作用。百里香提取物还具有一定的抗脂肪氧化作用。研究表明百里香抗氧化性强于已知的抗氧化剂维生素E及BHT。
(3)、其他作用
百里香挥发油有抗过敏作用,对过敏性鼻炎和过敏性的皮炎有一定的治疗效果了;对肿瘤具有抑制作用,能有效地提高免疫力;还可以抑制血栓的形成,对离体兔肠平滑肌有松弛作用,并能拮抗乙酰胆碱引起的肠平滑肌收缩,对组胺引起的离体豚鼠气管平滑肌痉挛有缓解作用。
本发明中,迷迭香(Rosmarinus officinalis),是双子叶植物纲、唇形科、迷迭香属植物灌木。迷迭香具有镇静安神、醒脑作用,对消化不良和胃痛均有一定疗效。多将其捣碎后,用开水浸泡后饮用,1天2~3次,可起到镇静、利尿作用。也可用于治疗失眠、心悸、头痛、消化不良等多种疾病。外用可治疗外伤和关节炎。还具有强壮心脏、促进代谢、促进末梢血管的血液循环等作用。还改善语言、视觉、听力方面的障碍,增强注意力,治疗风湿痛,强化肝脏功能,降低血糖,有助于动脉硬化的治疗,帮助麻痹的四肢恢复活动能力。
迷迭香提取物主要包括鼠尾草酚、迷迭香二醛、表迷迭香酚、表迷迭香酚甲醚、鼠尾草酸、鼠尾草酸甲酯、迷迭香酚、熊果酸、齐墩果酸等萜类物质,芹菜素、橙皮素、高车前苷、芫花素等黄酮类物质,香草酸、咖啡酸、迷迭香酸、阿魏酸等酚酸类物质以及含有α-蒎烯、三环萜、对伞花烃、柠檬烯、1,8-桉叶油素、龙脑、樟脑、α-松油醇、β-松油醇、松油烯-4-醇等成分的迷迭香精油。
迷迭香有效成分具有抗氧化作用,现已被公认为一种高效的天然抗氧化剂,其抗氧化机理包含:
(1)、自由基终止剂,大多数为酚类结构的化合物,如叔丁基羟基苯甲醚(BHA)、二叔丁基经基甲苯(BHT)、叔J基氢醌(TBHQ)和生育酚等;
(2)、螯合剂,如EDTA、柠檬酸、植酸等;
(3)、单线态氧抑制剂,如胡萝卜素等。迷迭香抗氧化剂不但是一种自由基终止剂,且是一种单线态氧抑制剂。从迷迭香中提取的抗氧化成分除黄酮外,要是鼠尾草酚、鼠尾草酸、迷迭香酸和迷迭香酚,它们都具有一酚双萜的活性部位。
(4)、还原剂,如抗坏血酸及其盐类、亚硫酸及其盐类、核黄素等。
此外,迷迭香中还含有迷迭香二酚、迷迭香醌等多种不同的酚类,这些酚类物质之间以加合作用来表现整体的抗氧化性。
本发明中,苦参,中药名,为豆科植物苦参的干燥根,春、秋二季采挖,除去根头和小支根,洗净,干燥,或趁鲜切片,干燥。其苦,寒。有清热燥湿,杀虫,利尿之功。用于热痢,便血,黄疸尿闭,赤白带下,阴肿阴痒,湿疹,湿疮,皮肤瘙痒,疥癣麻风,外治滴虫性阴道炎。苦参提取物主要包括苦参碱、氧化苦参碱、羟基苦参碱、N-甲基金雀花碱、安那吉碱、膺靛叶碱、脱氢苦参碱、d-异苦参碱、苦参啶、去甲苦参酮、苦参啶醇、苦参醇、新苦参醇、去甲苦参醇、异苦参酮,另含芒柄花黄素。
苦参提取物主要的药理作用如下:
(1)、美容护肤作用
性寒,有清热燥湿功效;苦参浴能够清除下焦湿热,并且杀虫止痒,对皮肤瘙痒有很好的缓解作用,植物中草药能够平衡油脂分泌,疏通并收敛毛孔,清除皮肤内毒素杂质,丰富的本草营养,促进受损血管神经细胞的生长和修复,恢复皮下毛细血管细胞活力,肌肤重现紧致细滑,起到美容护肤的作用。
(2)、升白作用
苦参总碱及氧化苦参碱有明显的升白作用,对环磷酰胺、X射线与钴射线照射引起的白细胞减少有明显的治疗作用。
(3)、抗炎作用
苦参碱对小鼠巴豆油引起的耳廓肿胀、醋酸引起的小鼠腹腔渗出增加、大鼠角叉菜胶性足垫肿胀,均有抑制作用。
本发明中,艾叶,中药名,为菊科植物艾(Artemisia argyi Levl.et Vant.)的干燥叶。夏季花未开时采摘,除去杂质,晒干。用于吐血,衄血,崩漏,月经过多,胎漏下血,少腹冷痛,经寒不调,宫冷不孕;外治皮肤瘙痒,醋艾炭温经止血,用于虚寒性出血。艾叶提取物中包含挥发油类成分:2-甲基丁醇、2-己烯醛、顺式-3-己烯-1-醇、三环烯、香桧烯、β-蒎烯、α-侧柏烯、柠檬烯、α-侧柏酮、α-水芹烯、香茅醇、水合樟烯、1,4-桉叶素、蒿属酮、辣薄荷酮、羽毛柏烯等成分;黄酮类成分:5,7-二羟基-6,3,4-三甲氧基黄酮、5-羟基-6,7,3,4-四甲氧基黄酮、5,7,3'-三羟基-3,6,4'-三甲氧基黄酮醇(矢车菊黄素)、5,3'-二羟基-3,6,7,4'-四甲氧基黄酮醇(紫花牡荆素)、5,7-二羟基-6,3',4'-三甲氧基黄酮(异泽兰黄素)、5,7,4'-三羟基-6,3'-二甲氧基黄酮(棕矢车菊素)、芹菜素、山奈酚、木犀草素、槲皮素等;桉叶烷类成分柳杉二醇、魁蒿内酯、1-氧-4β-乙酰氧基桉叶-2,11(13)-二烯-12,8β内酯、1氧-4α-乙酰氧基桉叶-2,11(13)-二烯-12,8β-内酯等;三萜类成分α-及β-香树脂醇、无羁萜、α-及β-香树脂醇的乙酸酯、羽扇烯酮、黏霉烯酮、羊齿烯酮、24-亚甲基环木菠萝烷酮、西米杜鹃醇、3β-甲氧基-9β,19-环羊毛甾-23(E)烯-25,26-二醇、无羁萜等;其它成分还分含有β-谷甾醇、豆甾醇、棕榈酸乙酯、油酸乙酯、亚油酸乙酯、反式的苯亚甲基丁二酸以及镍、钴、铝、铬、硒、铜、锌、铁、锰、钙、镁等元素。
艾叶提取物主要药理作用为:
(1)、止血作用
艾叶提取物能降低毛细血管通透性,抗纤维蛋白溶解,从而发挥止血作用。艾叶水浸液给小鼠腹腔或静脉注射可降低毛细血管通透性(Lochett氏法),给兔灌服有促进血液凝固作用。研究表明,艾叶炭水煎液小鼠灌胃有更显著的止血作用。
(2)、平喘作用
艾叶油能直接松弛豚鼠离体气管平滑肌,能对抗乙酰胆碱、组织胺、氯化钡引起的支气管收缩,增加豚鼠肺灌流量。用艾叶油给豚鼠灌服或肌注或气雾给药,对由组织胺或乙酰胆碱引起的哮喘均有平喘作用。艾叶油对致敏豚鼠肺组织及气管平滑肌慢反应物质(SRS-A)的释放有阻抑作用,亦可拮抗已释放的组织胺、SRS-A的作用。挥发油中的α-萜品烯醇、萜品烯醇-4、β-石竹烯、反式-葛缕醇、芳樟醇均是平喘的有效成分。
(3)、镇咳祛痰作用
实验表明艾叶油能抑制化学物质引起的豚鼠咳嗽,镇咳作用主要是抑制延髓咳嗽中枢所致。酚红法实验表明用艾叶油给小鼠口服或腹腔注射皆有祛痰作用,α-萜品烯醇有镇咳、祛痰作用。
(4)、抗过敏作用
给卵蛋白致敏的豚鼠灌服艾叶油50mL/kg,可抑制再次用卵蛋白攻击的过敏性休克的发生;α-萜品烯醇、反式-葛缕醇能抑制大鼠被动皮肤过敏反应和5-羟色胺引起的皮肤血管渗透性增强,抑制豚鼠肺组织释放SRS-A和SRS-A引起的豚鼠回肠收缩;反式-葛缕醇还对豚鼠离体气管Schultz-Dale反应有抑制作用;抗过敏机理可能是抑制过敏介质的释放,或直接对抗过敏介质(组胺及慢反应过敏物质所致)。
(5)、镇静作用
艾叶油对中枢神经系统具有镇静作用,能使家兔活动减少。给小鼠灌胃能延长戊巴比妥钠所致睡眠时间。
(6)、护肝利胆作用
艾叶提取物有一定的护肝作用,能促进肝功能的恢复,临床上用艾叶注射液治疗慢性肝炎病人,有恢复肝功能、降低转氨酶作用,并可增加患者饮食,改善自觉症状。亦有利胆作用,用艾叶提取物胶囊配成2%吐温混悬液能使大鼠胆汁流量显著增加,说明艾叶提取物中的挥发油有明显的利胆作用。
(7)、对心血管的作用
艾叶油对蟾蜍、兔离体心脏均有抑制作用,对心率影响不大,但可引起房室传导阻滞现象,且能对抗异丙肾上腺素的强心作用。对兔主动脉条无明显影响,但对组织胺或肾上腺素作用下的主动脉条则有松弛作用。
(8)、抗菌作用
体外试验证明艾叶油对球菌(白色及金黄色葡萄球菌、甲型及乙型链球菌,肺炎双球菌及奈瑟氏菌)及大多数革兰氏阴性杆菌(流感、变形、伤寒、副伤寒、大肠、副大肠及痢疾杆菌)均有抑制作用。30%艾叶煎剂可使许兰氏黄癣菌、许兰氏黄癣菌蒙古变种、狗小芽胞癣菌、同心性毛癣菌等近10种真菌停止发育;艾叶水浸剂(1:4)在试管内对堇色毛癣菌、羊毛状小芽胞癣菌、红色表皮癣菌等皮肤真菌有抑制作用。
(9)、其他作用
艾叶煎剂能兴奋家兔离体子宫,给小鼠灌服艾叶油,能增强炎症渗出细胞的吞噬能力。其挥发油能增加豚鼠冠脉血流量;其水提液有补体激活作用,在体内能诱生干扰素,艾叶烟薰剂对腺病毒、鼻病毒、流感及副流感病毒有一定抑制作用。
本发明中,甘草,中药名。为豆科植物甘草(Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.)、胀果甘草(Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat.)或光果甘草(Glycyrrhiza glabra L.)的干燥根和根茎。分布于东北、华北、陕西、甘肃、青海、新疆、山东等地。具有补脾益气,清热解毒,祛痰止咳,缓急止痛,调和诸药之功效。常用于脾胃虚弱,倦怠乏力,心悸气短,咳嗽痰多,脘腹、四肢挛急疼痛,痈肿疮毒,缓解药物毒性、烈性。甘草提取物包含甘草甜素、甘草酸、甘草次酸、甘草甙、甘草类黄酮、后幕比檀素、刺芒柄花素、槲皮素等。
甘草提取物的药理作用:
(1)、抗炎作用
抗炎成分为甘草酸、甘草次酸、甘草甜素及甘草黄酮类,具有糖皮质激素样作用,像保泰松或氢化可的松样的抗炎作用。
(2)、抗病毒作用
甘草酸类化合物通过对多种病毒颗粒的直接作用和诱生干扰素,增强天然杀伤细胞和巨噬细胞的活性等活化宿主免疫功能的间接作用。而发挥广谱抗病毒作用,是一种有发展前景的抗病毒药物。其对艾滋病病毒、单纯性疱疹病毒、水痘带状疱疹病毒、水泡性口炎病毒都具有明显的治疗作用。
(3)、抗肿瘤作用
①有效地抑制强致癌物质的制癌作用;β甘草次酸较α型异构体更有效地抑制强制癌物质(苯并芘、黄曲霉素等)的致癌作用。②研究发现甘草次酸衍生物对骨髓瘤有抑制作用。③甘草次酸钠对小鼠移植性肿瘤有较好的抑制作用。④甘草能增强细胞的解毒作用和抵抗力。⑤甘草有抗自血病作用。
(4)、镇咳祛痰作用
甘草黄酮、甘草次酸及其衍生物有镇咳作用,其镇咳作用是通过中枢产生的,甘草次酸胆碱盐是镇咳作用最强的成分;甘草能促进咽喉支气管的腺体分泌,具有祛痰作用,由于促进腺体分泌,把脓痰稀释,使痰容易咳出,而呈现祛痰作用。
(5)、甘草提取物具有美白、祛斑、抗紫外线的功效。
本发明中,蒲公英(Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz.)菊科,蒲公英属多年生草本植物。蒲公英植物体中含有蒲公英醇、蒲公英素、胆碱、有机酸、菊糖等多种健康营养成分。性味甘,微苦,寒。归肝、胃经。有利尿、缓泻、退黄疸、利胆等功效。治热毒、痈肿、疮疡、内痈、目赤肿痛、湿热、黄疸、小便淋沥涩痛、疔疮肿毒,乳痈,瘰疬,牙痛,目赤,咽痛,肺痈,肠痈,湿热黄疸,热淋涩痛。治急性乳腺炎,淋巴腺炎,瘰疬,疔毒疮肿,急性结膜炎,感冒发热,急性扁桃体炎,急性支气管炎,胃炎,肝炎,胆囊炎,尿路感染等。蒲公英可生吃、炒食、做汤,是药食兼用的植物。蒲公英提取物包含蒲公英甾醇、胆碱、菊糖、果胶等。根中含蒲公英醇、蒲公英赛醇、ψ-葡公英甾醇、蒲公英甾醇、β-香树脂醇、豆甾醇、β-谷甾醇、胆碱、有机酸、果糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、葡萄糖甙以及树脂、橡胶等。叶含叶黄素、蝴蝶梅黄素、叶绿醌。花中含山金车二醇、叶黄素和毛莨黄素。花粉中含β-谷甾醇、5z-豆甾-7-烯-3β-醇、叶酸和维生素C。绿色花萼中含叶绿醌。花茎中含β-谷甾醇和β-香树脂醇。
蒲公英主要药理作用:
(1)、抗菌作用
该品注射液试管内对金黄色葡萄球菌耐药菌株、溶血性链球菌有较强的杀菌作用。对肺炎双球菌、脑膜炎球菌、白喉杆菌、绿脓杆菌、痢疾杆菌、伤寒杆菌等及卡他球菌也有一定杀菌作用。本品醇提液1:400能抑制结核菌,但煎剂1:100无效。其1:80的水煎剂能延缓ECHO11病毒细胞病变,醇提物(31mg/kg)能杀死钩端螺旋体,对某些真菌亦有抑制作用。对幽门弯曲杆菌有良好的杀灭作用。
(2)、通乳
该品叶有疏通乳脉管之阻塞,促进泌乳的作用。
(3)、抗肿瘤作用
药用蒲公英中提取的多糖(Tof-CFr),以40、2、600mg/kg ip给于接种MM46肿瘤细胞的C3H小鼠,前期给药未见作用,但11~20天和2~20天的后期隔日给药则有效。对肿瘤细胞的迟延型过敏反应(T-DHR),在ddy-Ehrlich(同种肿瘤)系和C3H-MM46(同系肿瘤)系中,Tof-CFr后期给药其足跖反应与对照组相比均明显上升。在ADMC系中,Tof-CFr与已知能活化巨噬细胞的糖原相比,具有更强的激活能力。
(4)、利胆作用
国外研究,该品有利胆作用,临床上治疗慢性胆囊痉挛及结石症有效。
本发明选择百里香提取液与迷迭香提取液作为“君药”,以苦参提取液、艾叶提取液、甘草提取液、蒲公英提取液作为“臣药”,形成“君药臣辅”效果。在本发明中,利用百里香的抗菌消炎功效与迷迭香的镇静,抗氧化功效起到“君药”的主要作用;利用苦参提取液的抗菌功效、艾叶提取液的抗敏功效、甘草提取液的抗病毒功效和蒲公英提取液的抗炎功效作为辅助功效,起到“臣药”的辅助作用。缺少其中任何一种提取物时,对螨虫的祛除效果均降低。
当螨虫接触到本组合物时,植物提取物活性分子会进入螨虫的脑部神经细胞,刺激脑部神经元致使螨虫进入深度“睡眠”从而达到高效灭螨效果;植物组分释放的特殊香味,对螨虫有驱赶作用。此外“君药”可增加使用者皮肤的抗氧化能力,机体抗氧化的能力越强,越能保证体细胞的健康,其生命也越长。“臣药”可提高组合物的抗菌抗炎抗病毒作用,进一步提高对螨虫的驱除效果。
本发明选用月桂胺二亚丙基二胺作为增溶剂,而并非作为现有技术中公开的除螨活性物,对比其他增溶剂效果,其效果更好,使植物组分可适合水、醇两种体系。另一方面,其电荷呈两性或弱阳离子性,当细胞受刺激时细胞膜由静息电位“外正内负”转为动作电位“内正外负”,呈弱阳离子性质的月桂胺二亚丙基二胺可影响细胞膜的膜电位冲动变化,从而增加植物活性组分对螨虫脑部神经元的影响使之深度“睡眠”,而增加灭螨的效果。
因此,上述组份是植物抗菌除螨剂具有良好的驱螨、灭螨效果的关键,缺一不可。
进一步地,按重量份计,本发明的植物抗菌除螨剂由以下组份组成:
在本发明的其中一种优选的技术方案中,按重量份计,植物抗菌除螨剂由以下组份组成:
在本发明的另一种优选的技术方案中,按重量份计,植物抗菌除螨剂由以下组份组成:
在本发明的又一种优选的技术方案中,按重量份计,植物抗菌除螨剂由以下组份组成:
另一方面,本发明提供一种所述的植物抗菌除螨剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S10、提供植物:百里香、迷迭香、苦参、艾叶、甘草以及蒲公英,将所述植物热烘干处理,然后分别粉碎处理制得干粉;
S20、根据质量比1:20将各干粉分别置于浸泡液中浸泡1h,然后加热提取2-3h,冷却至室温后超声提取1-3h,离心过滤后,收集植物初滤液;进一步地,需要重复上述超声和过滤操作两次,合并收集植物初滤液,
S30、在减压、70℃下对各个植物初滤液进行真空旋蒸浓缩,制得植物提取液:百里香提取液、迷迭香提取液、苦参提取液、甘草提取液以及蒲公英提取液;
S40、根据所述的组份的重量份将各所述植物提取液混合,制得混合提取液,在丙二醇中加入月桂胺二亚丙基二胺、苯氧乙醇、乙醇以及所述混合提取液,在45℃下搅拌至混合完全,制得植物抗菌除螨剂;
其中,所述浸泡液由体积比为3:7的去离子水和乙醇溶液组成。
本发明选择由体积比为3:7的去离子水和乙醇溶液组成浸泡液,其一是利用乙醇作为有机溶剂可增加植物活性成分的溶出;其二是利用乙醇与去离子水组成提取液可形成共沸体系,降低提取液的沸点而降低浓缩时所需温度。
而步骤S40中使用少量乙醇复配成除螨剂其目的是在于,利用乙醇的易挥发性,提高植物组分在释放特殊香味的能力,增加除螨剂在驱螨的功效。
进一步地,步骤S10中,各植物粉碎后还需分别过20-100目筛,以制得干粉;
优选地,步骤S10中,在浸泡时还添加了催化剂;进一步优选地,所述催化剂为干粉质量的0.5%;更进一步优选地,所述催化剂为纤维素酶或半纤维素酶;
优选地,步骤S10中,热烘干温度为10-70℃,加热提取温度为30-70℃;进一步优选地,热烘干温度为60℃,加热提取温度为50℃。
进一步地,所述植物提取液的体积为植物初滤液的体积的1/4~1/5;
优选地,步骤S20中的离心转速为3000-8000转/min,进一步优选为5000转/min;
优选地,步骤S20中的超声提取时间为2h。
再一方面,提供一种所述的植物抗菌除螨剂的日用品,所述日用品为皂、喷雾、化妆品、清洁剂、空气清新剂和消毒剂,该日用品具有高效除螨、驱螨功效。
进一步地,所述植物抗菌除螨剂在日用品中的添加量以质量分数计为0.1-50%;
优选地,所述植物抗菌除螨剂在日用品中的添加量以质量分数计为0.1-10%。
进一步优选地,本发明提供一种日用品,该日用品为喷雾,该喷雾具有良好的除螨、驱螨功效,具体地,该喷雾包括以下质量分数的组份:
物质名称 | 质量分数% |
去离子水 | 99.35 |
本发明所述的除螨剂 | 0.5 |
PEG-40氢化蓖麻油 | 0.1 |
香精 | 0.05 |
进一步优选地,本发明提供一种包含上述植物抗菌除螨剂的日用品,该日用品为除螨洗衣液,该除螨洗衣液具有良好的除螨、驱螨功效,具体地,该除螨洗衣液包括以下质量分数的组份:
物质名称 | 质量分数% |
AES | 20 |
AEO-9 | 3 |
6501 | 2 |
NaCl | 1.4 |
本发明所述的除螨剂 | 1.0 |
纯水 | 72.6 |
本发明的有益效果:本发明的植物抗菌除螨剂是将植物提取液以一定比例进行组合,其中以百里香与迷迭香为主,具有良好的除螨驱螨功效;以苦参、艾叶、甘草、蒲公英为辅,达到“君药臣辅”的效果,在增溶剂月桂胺二亚丙基二胺的作用下可以使各植物提取液相辅相成地释放特殊香味,从而达到高效驱螨效果。植物提取液活性分子会作用到螨虫的脑部神经细胞,刺激脑部神经元致使螨虫进入深度“睡眠”从而达到高效灭螨效果。
附图说明
图1是本发明添加有实施例1-5制得的植物抗菌除螨剂在作用1h、不同添加量下的水溶液的的灭螨效率图。
图2是本发明添加有实施例1-5制得的植物抗菌除螨剂在作用24h、不同添加量下的水溶液的的灭螨效率图。
图3是本发明添加有实施例1以及对比例1-10制得的植物抗菌除螨剂在作用24h、不同添加量的水溶液的的灭螨效率对比图。
图4是本发明添加有实施例1-5制得的植物抗菌除螨剂在不同添加量的水溶液的驱螨效率图。
图5是本发明添加有实施例1以及对比例1-10制得的植物抗菌除螨剂在不同添加量下的水溶液的驱螨效率对比图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式来进一步说明本发明的技术方案。
如无具体说明,本发明的各种原料均可市售购得,或根据本技术领域的常规方法制备得到。
实施例1
本实施例的植物抗菌除螨剂按照以下步骤制备:
(1)将百里香、迷迭香、苦参、艾叶、甘草、蒲公英分别于60℃干燥破碎后过50目筛,按料液比1:20分别加入到由体积比为3:7的去离子水与乙醇溶液组成的浸泡液中,然后加入0.5%纤维素酶,分别浸泡1h、50℃加热提取2.5h、超声提取2h,超声后离心过滤,离心转速5000转/min,收集滤液,重复上述超声和过滤操作两次,合并收集植物初滤液,在减压、70℃条件下对每个植物初滤液进行旋转蒸发浓缩处理,得到百里香提取液、迷迭香提取液、苦参提取液、艾叶提取液、甘草提取液、蒲公英提取液。
(2)将所述步骤(1)中的百里香提取液、迷迭香提取液、苦参提取液、艾叶提取液、甘草提取液、蒲公英提取液按表1所示的重量份均匀混合,然后在丙二醇中加入月桂胺二亚丙基二胺、苯氧乙醇、乙醇、植物混合提取液,在45℃加热下搅拌至混合完全,得到植物抗菌除螨剂。
实施例2
本实施例的植物抗菌除螨剂的制备方法与上述实施例1相同,区别在于组份的组成用量,具体参考表1。
实施例3
本实施例的植物抗菌除螨剂的制备方法与上述实施例1相同,区别在于组份的组成用量,具体参考表1。
实施例4
本实施例的植物抗菌除螨剂的制备方法与上述实施例1相同,区别在于组份的组成用量,具体参考表1。
实施例5
本实施例的植物抗菌除螨剂的制备方法与上述实施例1相同,区别在于组份的组成用量,具体参考表1。
表1.实施例1-5的植物抗菌除螨剂组份组成(按重量份计)
对比例1
本对比例与实施例1基本相同,区别在于不添加百里香提取液。
对比例2
本对比例与实施例1基本相同,区别在于不添加迷迭香提取液。
对比例3
本对比例与实施例1基本相同,区别在于不添加苦参提取液。
对比例4
本对比例与实施例1基本相同,区别在于不添加艾叶提取液。
对比例5
本对比例与实施例1基本相同,区别在于不添加蒲公英提取液。
对比例6
本对比例与实施例1基本相同,区别在于不添加月桂胺二亚丙基二胺。
对比例7
本对比例与实施例1基本相同,区别在于采用增溶剂CO-40替代月桂胺二亚丙基二胺。
对比例8
本对比例与实施例1基本相同,区别在于采用增溶剂PEG-40氢化蓖麻油替代月桂胺二亚丙基二胺。
对比例9
本对比例与实施例1基本相同,区别在于采用对比文件(CN111685134A)中公开的N,N-二乙基苯甲酰胺替代月桂胺二亚丙基二胺。
对比例10
本对比例与实施例1基本相同,区别在于采用对比文件(CN111685134A)中公开的月桂基二亚乙二氨基甘氨酸替代月桂胺二亚丙基二胺。
其中,实施例1-5制得的植物抗菌除螨剂的基本物理性能如下:
产品组成 | 百里香酚、迷迭香叶提取物等复合物 |
外观 | 无色至浅黄色透明粘稠液体 |
活性成分含量(%,w/w) | ≥15 |
产品密度(g/ml,20℃) | 1.12-1.22 |
折光率(20℃): | 1.450-1.460 |
建议添加量(%) | 0.5-1.5 |
最佳使用pH | 3.0-10.0 |
水溶性 | 可水性 |
测试例
将上述实施例1-5及对比例1-10制备的植物抗菌除螨剂按质量分数0.5%、1.0%添加到水中。
1)按农药标准NY/T1151.2-2006对添加实施例1-5以及对比例1-10制得的0.5%、1.0%植物抗菌除螨剂的水溶液分别进行检测,其中,实施例1-5的检测结果见图1和图2,对比例1-10的检测结果见图3。从图1可知,添加按实施例1与2方案制备的植物抗菌除螨剂的水溶液对螨虫杀灭率较差均未达到100%;按实施实例3-5方案制备的植物抗菌除螨剂的水溶液对螨虫杀灭率较好,作用时间1小时,可达100%灭螨效果,具有快速杀灭螨虫效果。从图2可知,添加按实施例1与2方案制备的植物抗菌除螨机的水溶液延长作用时间,可以有效提高除螨效果。图3中对比例1-5测试结果显示,当不添加百里香提取液、迷迭香提取液时,灭螨效果锐减;当不添加苦参提取液、艾叶提取液、蒲公英提取液时,灭螨效果降低10%左右;图3对比例6-10测试结果显示,不添加月桂胺二亚丙基二胺或者添加替代传统增溶剂效果时,植物抗菌除螨剂的灭螨效果均低于实施例1,这进一步说明本发明中植物抗菌除螨剂实施例组合为最优方案。
2)按纺织品标准GB/T 24253-2009对添加实施例1-5以及对比例1-10制得的0.5%、1.0%植物抗菌除螨剂的水溶液进行检测。其中,实施例1-5的检测结果见图4,对比例1-10的检测结果见图5。从图4可知,添加实施例1-5制备的植物抗菌除螨剂添加量0.5%得到的水溶液,其驱螨率较低依次为77%、85%、90%,92%、95%;添加实施例1-5制备的植物抗菌除螨剂添加量1.0%得到的水溶液,其驱螨率较好依次为88%、91%、97%、99%、99%,说明实施例4、实施例5具有更高效的驱螨效果,在实际应用中具备较优的驱螨能力。从图5可知,当不添加百里香提取液、迷迭香提取液、苦参提取液、艾叶提取液、蒲公英提取液中的任意一种时,驱螨效果锐减;当不添加月桂胺二亚丙基二胺或者添加替代传统增溶剂效果时,植物抗菌除螨剂的驱螨效果均低于实施例1,这进一步说明本发明中植物抗菌除螨剂实施例组合为最优方案。
3)按照GB 15979-2002对添加0.5%、1.0%植物抗菌除螨剂的水溶液进行检测,抑菌结果如下表2:
表2.不同组分含量植物抗菌除螨剂的水溶液抑菌结果
测试例 | 大肠杆菌 | 白色念珠菌 | 金黄色葡萄球菌 |
实施例1 | 90.30% | 91.23% | 91.11% |
实施例2 | 92.52% | 92.66% | 94.535 |
实施例3 | 99.99% | 99.99% | 99.99% |
实施例4 | 99.99% | 99.99% | 99.99% |
实施例5 | 99.99% | 99.99% | 99.99% |
对比例1 | 68.63% | 58.82% | 46.75% |
对比例2 | 47.06% | 55.88% | 51.95% |
对比例3 | 76.47% | 69.12% | 58.44% |
对比例4 | 79.99% | 89.00% | 85.40% |
对比例5 | 87.50% | 90.43 | 74.80% |
对比例6 | 68.63% | 58.82% | 46.75% |
对比例7 | 47.06% | 55.88% | 51.95% |
对比例8 | 76.47% | 69.12% | 58.44% |
对比例9 | 92.53% | 84.71% | 98.27% |
对比例10 | 85.72% | 87.00% | 84.79% |
综上所述,通过以上测试数据分析可知:对比例1-10制得的植物抗菌除螨剂的灭螨、驱螨、抑菌效果均明显低于实施例1-5制得的植物抗菌除螨剂的灭螨、驱螨效果。
以上实施例仅用来说明本发明的详细方法,本发明并不局限于上述详细方法,即不意味着本发明必须依赖上述详细方法才能实施。所属技术领域的技术人员应该明白,对本发明的任何改进,对本发明产品各原料的等效替换及辅助成分的添加、具体方式的选择等,均落在本发明的保护范围和公开范围之内。
Claims (10)
6.一种权利要求1至5任一项所述的植物抗菌除螨剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S10、提供植物:百里香、迷迭香、苦参、艾叶、甘草以及蒲公英,将所述植物热烘干处理,然后分别粉碎处理制得干粉;
S20、根据质量比1:20将各干粉分别置于浸泡液中浸泡1h,然后加热提取2-3h,冷却至室温后超声提取1-3h,离心过滤后,收集植物初滤液;
S30、对各个植物初滤液进行真空旋蒸浓缩,制得植物提取液:百里香提取液、迷迭香提取液、苦参提取液、甘草提取液以及蒲公英提取液;
S40、根据所述的组份的重量份将各所述植物提取液混合,制得混合提取液,在丙二醇中加入月桂胺二亚丙基二胺、苯氧乙醇、乙醇以及所述混合提取液,在45℃下搅拌至混合完全,制得植物抗菌除螨剂;
其中,所述浸泡液由体积比为3:7的去离子水和乙醇溶液组成。
7.根据权利要求6所述的植物抗菌除螨剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S10中,各植物粉碎后还需分别过20-100目筛,以制得干粉;
优选地,步骤S10中,在浸泡时还添加了催化剂;进一步优选地,所述催化剂为干粉质量的0.5%;更进一步优选地,所述催化剂为纤维素酶或半纤维素酶;
优选地,步骤S10中,热烘干处理温度为10-70℃,加热提取温度为30-70℃;进一步优选地,热烘干处理温度为60℃,加热提取温度为50℃。
8.根据权利要求6所述的植物抗菌除螨剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述植物提取液的体积为植物初滤液的体积的1/4~1/5;
优选地,步骤S20中的离心转速为3000-8000转/min,进一步优选为5000转/min;
优选地,步骤S20中的超声提取时间为2h。
9.一种包含权利要求1至5任一项所述的植物抗菌除螨剂的日用品,其特征在于,所述日用品为皂、喷雾、化妆品、清洁剂、空气清新剂和消毒剂。
10.根据权利要求9所述的日用品,其特征在于,所述植物抗菌除螨剂在日用品中的添加量以质量分数计为0.1-50%;
优选地,所述植物抗菌除螨剂在日用品中的添加量以质量分数计为0.1-10%。
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