CN112846936A - Method for calibrating accuracy of trigger type measuring head in on-machine detection - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of precision calibration, in particular to a method for calibrating the precision of a trigger type measuring head in on-machine detection, which comprises the following steps: s1, carrying out a calibration error experiment, mounting a measuring head for on-machine detection on a machine tool main shaft, and mounting a standard ball for calibration on a workbench of a machine tool; s2, operating the machine tool and touching the standard ball by the measuring head to obtain the measured values of different probe lengths, detection speeds and detection directions; s3, obtaining pre-travel error values of the measuring head under various measuring conditions by comparing the pre-travel error values with real values of the standard ball; s4, recording error values, making the error values into an error database table, and then implanting the error database table into an on-machine detection software system; and S5, performing on-site detection. The calibration method for the accuracy of the trigger measuring head in on-machine detection solves the problem that the traditional calibration occupies too much machine tool service time, and can greatly reduce the time occupied by the calibration link on the machine tool on the premise of not reducing the calibration accuracy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of precision calibration, in particular to a method for calibrating the precision of a trigger type measuring head in on-machine detection.
Background
The commonly used trigger type measuring head for on-machine detection mainly comprises a measuring head wing seat, a ball pair support, a pressure spring and a probe embedded with a ruby measuring ball. When the detection is implemented on a numerical control machine tool, firstly, a measuring head touches a workpiece to send out a trigger signal, the machine tool immediately stops moving after receiving the signal and stores the position value of the measuring ball center (after probe length compensation) at the front end of the measuring head in the machine tool to a specified storage position. Due to the influence of mechanical manufacturing and electrical control precision of the measuring head and the machine tool system, a short period of time elapses from the time when the measuring head contacts the workpiece and sends the trigger signal until the machine tool records the current coordinate value, and at the same time, the working part of the numerical control machine tool is still moving, so that a signal delay transmission error is generated, and a deviation may exist between the position recorded by the numerical control system and the actual position of the machine tool. On the other hand, measurement errors are also caused by the fact that the detection method is not appropriate, such as probe walking path planning, touch force, touch angle and other unscientific designs.
The numerical control machine tool equipment as a machine tool can basically meet high-precision operation, and a plurality of research documents show that errors related to a measuring head are always considered as main error sources of the numerical control machine tool in on-machine detection, such as: numerical control XY workbench dynamic positioning error analysis and modeling [ D ]. bombardier military, Anhui university of physiology of scientist 2019, wherein in order to improve the measurement accuracy of the numerical control machine tool on-machine measurement system, an effective means is to compensate the error. The "gauge-related errors" generally include the static and dynamic errors of the gauge head, which are determined by the mechanical structure of the trigger gauge head itself (the inherent characteristics of the gauge head, which generally remains unchanged after manufacture of the gauge head) and the manner of touch measurement (which mainly refers to the various forms of touch operation, which are relatively variable).
At present, a compensation method aiming at errors caused by a touch measurement mode is carried out in a laboratory, and used prediction models are static, so that the dynamic property of a measurement process is ignored. Due to the urgency of field production tasks and the maximum benefit of the machine tool, the working time of the machine tool occupied by on-machine detection is very limited, namely, the traditional measuring head precision calibration method in a laboratory cannot be transplanted to a production field for carrying out, and the measuring head used in the production field cannot be calibrated with higher precision basically.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a calibration method for detecting the precision of a trigger measuring head on machine, which can greatly reduce the time of a calibration link occupying a machine tool on the premise of not reducing the calibration precision.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a calibration method for on-machine detection of the precision of a trigger measuring head mainly comprises two links of a calibration error experiment and on-machine detection, and comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out a calibration error experiment, mounting a measuring head for on-machine detection on a machine tool main shaft, and mounting a standard ball for calibration on a workbench of a machine tool;
s2, operating the machine tool and touching the standard ball by the measuring head to obtain the measuring values of different probe lengths, detecting speeds and detecting directions, wherein the measuring values are realized by two modes, namely, the same measuring speed and probe length are kept, and the measuring is carried out by adopting different detecting directions (angles); 2. keeping the same measuring speed and the same detecting direction (angle), and measuring by adopting different probe lengths;
s3, obtaining pre-travel error values of the measuring head under various measuring conditions by comparing the pre-travel error values with real values of the standard ball;
s4, recording error values, making the error values into an error database table, and then implanting the error database table into an on-machine detection software system;
and S5, performing on-site on-machine detection, mounting the measuring head on the main shaft of the machine tool, ensuring that the included angle of the tripod on the measuring head mounted on the main shaft relative to the X or Y axial direction of the machine tool is consistent with the position of the measuring head above the workbench during a calibration error experiment, locking the main shaft of the machine tool, calling pre-stroke error compensation data implanted in an on-machine detection software system, and completing the calibration work of the measuring head.
In order to measure the influence degree of the probe length, the detection speed (measurement force), the detection direction and the like on the measuring head system error result, the axial direction (height direction) and the radial direction (horizontal direction) of the standard ball are respectively defined as a latitude angle (from 0 to 90 degrees) and a longitude angle (from 0 to 360 degrees).
Further, in step S2, the method for determining the influence of the probe length on the pre-stroke error includes the following steps:
dividing the calibration standard ball into a plurality of equal parts at the 0-degree position, selecting measuring heads with different probe lengths to measure once every 10 longitudes at the 0-degree position of the standard ball respectively, and obtaining corresponding amount of measurement data.
Furthermore, the calibration standard ball is divided into 36 equal parts at the 0-degree position, measuring heads with different probe lengths are selected to measure once every 10 longitudes at the 0-degree position of the standard ball, and 36 pieces of measurement data are obtained in total.
Furthermore, the calibration standard ball is divided into 36 equal parts at the 0-degree position, measuring heads with probe lengths of 20mm, 50mm and 200mm are selected to measure once every 10 longitudes at the 0-degree position of the standard ball respectively, and 36 pieces of measuring data are obtained in total.
Further, in step S2, the method for measuring the influence of the detection direction on the pre-stroke error includes the steps of:
the standard ball is touched 36 times at 0 degrees and 45 degrees respectively by using a probe with the same length, and the working surface is always kept touched in the direction of a normal vector of the surface position of the measuring point on the standard ball.
Further, in step S1, before the calibration error test, the measuring head is mounted on the machine tool spindle through the tapered tail, and a plurality of measuring points are measured to determine the included angle of the tripod stand relative to the X or Y axis of the workbench.
Further, the method for determining the included angle comprises the following steps:
fixing a ring gauge on a workbench, using a dial gauge for alignment to ensure that the center of the ring gauge is consistent with the center of a main shaft of a numerical control machine tool, installing a measuring head on the main shaft of the machine tool, keeping X, Y coordinates of the machine tool still, moving a Z shaft to move the measuring head to a proper depth in a hole, uniformly measuring 4, 6, 12 and 18 measuring points in the inner hole of the ring gauge by using a probe with the same length and the same measuring speed, and respectively recording the offset of the measuring head.
Further, the diameter of the ring gauge is 100.0035 mm.
Further, in step S5, 12 points are measured on the ring gauge before the on-machine detection, a measurement head tripod orientation fast determination program is invoked to determine the orientation of the measurement head tripod, the machine tool spindle is rotated according to the calculated angle deviation to make the orientation of the machine tool spindle consistent with the orientation during calibration, and then the machine tool spindle is locked, and the pre-stroke error compensation data implanted in the on-machine detection software system is invoked to complete the calibration of the measurement head.
Further, the standard ball has a diameter of 19.996 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention can compress the calibration time before the conventional detection by 90 percent or even higher, thereby greatly improving the on-machine detection efficiency while improving the on-machine detection precision and reducing the occupied time of a machine tool.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the generation of a pre-stroke error of a measuring head;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of dividing the detection angle of an experimental standard ball according to the calibration method for on-machine detection of the accuracy of the trigger probe of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of the orientation of the measuring head tripod relative to the workbench (XY direction) in the calibration method for on-machine detection of the accuracy of the trigger measuring head according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the time spent by various calibration methods.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
example 1:
as shown in fig. 1 to 4, a calibration method for on-machine detection of the accuracy of a trigger probe mainly includes a calibration error experiment and an on-machine detection, and includes the following steps:
s1, performing a calibration error experiment, mounting a measuring head for on-machine detection on a main shaft of a machine tool, and mounting a standard ball for calibration on a workbench of the machine tool, wherein the diameter of the standard ball is 19.996 mm;
s2, operating the machine tool and touching the standard ball by the measuring head to obtain the measuring values of different probe lengths, detecting speeds and detecting directions, wherein the measuring values are realized by two modes, namely, the same measuring speed and probe length are kept, and the measuring is carried out by adopting different detecting directions (angles); 2. keeping the same measuring speed and the same detecting direction (angle), and measuring by adopting different probe lengths;
s3, obtaining pre-travel error values of the measuring head under various measuring conditions by comparing the pre-travel error values with real values of the standard ball;
s4, recording error values, making the error values into an error database table, and then implanting the error database table into an on-machine detection software system;
and S5, performing on-site on-machine detection, mounting the measuring head on the main shaft of the machine tool, ensuring that the included angle of the tripod on the measuring head mounted on the main shaft relative to the X or Y axial direction of the machine tool is consistent with the position of the measuring head above the workbench during a calibration error experiment, locking the main shaft of the machine tool, calling pre-stroke error compensation data implanted in an on-machine detection software system, and completing the calibration work of the measuring head.
In order to measure the influence degree of the probe length, the detection speed (measurement force), the detection direction and the like on the measuring head system error result, the axial direction (height direction) and the radial direction (horizontal direction) of the standard ball are respectively defined as a latitude angle (from 0 to 90 degrees) and a longitude angle (from 0 to 360 degrees).
In this embodiment, in step S2, the method for measuring the influence of the probe length on the pre-stroke error includes the following steps:
dividing the calibration standard ball into a plurality of equal parts at the 0-degree position, selecting measuring heads with different probe lengths to measure once every 10 longitudes at the 0-degree position of the standard ball respectively, and obtaining corresponding amount of measurement data.
In the embodiment, the calibration standard sphere is divided into 36 equal parts at the 0 ° position, and probes with different probe lengths are selected to measure every 10 longitudes along the 0 ° position of the standard sphere respectively, so that 36 pieces of measurement data are obtained in total.
In the embodiment, the calibration standard sphere is divided into 36 equal parts at the 0 ° position, and probes with probe lengths of 20mm, 50mm and 200mm are selected to measure every 10 longitudes along the 0 ° position of the standard sphere respectively, so that 36 pieces of measurement data are obtained in total.
In this embodiment, in step S2, the method for measuring the influence of the detection direction on the pre-stroke error includes the following steps:
the standard ball is touched 36 times at 0 degrees and 45 degrees respectively by using a probe with the same length, and the working surface is always kept touched in the direction of a normal vector of the surface position of the measuring point on the standard ball.
In this embodiment, before performing the calibration error test in step S1, the probe is mounted on the spindle of the machine tool through the tapered tail, and a number of measurement points are measured to determine the included angle of the tripod with respect to the X or Y axis of the table.
In this embodiment, the method for determining the included angle comprises the following steps:
fixing a ring gauge on a workbench, wherein the diameter of the ring gauge is 100.0035mm, then using a dial gauge for alignment to ensure that the center of the ring gauge is consistent with the center of a main shaft of a numerical control machine tool, installing a measuring head on the main shaft of the machine tool, keeping the X, Y coordinate of the machine tool still, moving a Z shaft to move the measuring head to a proper depth in a hole, uniformly measuring 4, 6, 12 and 18 measuring points in the inner hole of the ring gauge by using a probe with the same length and the same measuring speed, and recording the offset of the measuring head to obtain the diameter of the ring gauge of 100.0035 mm.
In this embodiment, in step S5, 12 points are measured on the ring gauge before actual implementation of on-machine detection, a probe tripod orientation fast determination program is invoked to determine the orientation of the probe tripod, the machine spindle is rotated according to the calculated angular deviation to make the machine spindle consistent with the orientation during calibration, and then the machine spindle is locked, and the pre-stroke error compensation data implanted in the on-machine detection software system is invoked to complete the calibration of the probe.
As shown in fig. 1, because the measuring head, the machine body of the machine tool, the signal response processing, and the like have unavoidable hysteresis, the machine tool cannot respond to the trigger signal immediately when the measuring head just touches the workpiece, but responds to the trigger signal after the measuring ball deviates from the original immediate stop position and moves forward freely for a certain distance, the NC system stops immediately after receiving the trigger signal and records the coordinate position of the current point immediately, the work table still drives the workpiece to move due to inertia in the short time, and the accumulated distance exceeding the expected "home position" at the center of the measuring ball is Δ x.
Under the ideal condition, a measurer expects that the position recorded by the NC system (i.e., the "original immediate stop position") is the coordinate corresponding to the position of the center of the measuring ball at the moment when the measuring ball is just touched with the surface of the workpiece, so that the coordinate position of the touch point of the measuring head and the workpiece can be obtained only by the software system automatically compensating the actual radius R value of the measuring ball along the touch direction (the measuring point is along the opposite direction of the normal vector of the surface of the workpiece). However, it is true that the current coordinates recorded by the NC system are positions after the workpiece has moved further forward by a distance Δ x, so that it is not comprehensive enough if the measurement result is simply compensated for the radius of a measuring sphere in the measuring direction.
In order to measure the pre-stroke error of the on-machine detection measuring head system and develop a determination experiment aiming at the pre-stroke error value, in this embodiment, a standard ball with a diameter of 19.996mm is selected to develop a measuring head system error calibration experiment, and as shown in fig. 2, in order to measure the influence degree of the probe length, the measurement speed (measurement force), the detection angle and the like on the measuring head system error result, the axial direction (height direction) and the radial direction (horizontal direction) of the standard ball are respectively defined as a latitude angle (from 0 to 90 degrees) and a longitude angle (from 0 to 360 degrees).
Although the above experiment measures the pre-stroke error value of the measuring head by changing the measurement parameters (i.e. changing the length, the measurement speed and the detection angle of various commonly used probes) and records the pre-stroke error value into a data table for quick calling in subsequent measurement, since the three-leg support structure of the trigger measuring head causes the offsets measured by different probe lengths and detection angles to be in an obvious 3-lobe pattern, how to ensure that the corresponding offset measured by using the measuring head to correctly call and compensate the experiment each time is the key for determining whether the pre-stroke error of the measuring head can be correctly compensated, that is, to ensure that the included angle of the three-leg support mounted on the measuring head on the main shaft in the machine detection relative to the X or Y axial direction of the machine tool is consistent with the position of the measuring head on the worktable in the calibration error experiment each time, as shown in.
If the time spent on completing the calibration of the test head pre-travel error experiment in advance in the non-processing time period is not calculated, the pre-travel error correction database table pre-implanted in the on-machine detection software is called in real time in the on-machine detection stage, namely the calibration time spent by the calibration method combining the offline error data + the online calling calibration provided by the invention is almost negligible. Compared with the mainstream pre-travel error compensation methods such as 'BP neural network', 'regularized radial basis RBF' + 'standard ball' reported in the current literature (because each literature does not give the time taken for specific calibration, the time taken for measuring each point is estimated by taking 4 seconds on average, and the comparison result is shown in figure 4), the method can compress the calibration time before the conventional detection by 90% or even higher, thereby greatly improving the on-machine detection efficiency while improving the on-machine detection precision and reducing the occupation time of a machine tool.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by the present specification, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A calibration method for on-machine detection of the precision of a trigger type measuring head is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, carrying out a calibration error experiment, mounting a measuring head for on-machine detection on a machine tool main shaft, and mounting a standard ball for calibration on a workbench of a machine tool;
s2, operating the machine tool and touching the standard ball by the measuring head to obtain the measured values of different probe lengths, detection speeds and detection directions;
s3, obtaining pre-travel error values of the measuring head under various measuring conditions by comparing the pre-travel error values with real values of the standard ball;
s4, recording error values, making the error values into an error database table, and then implanting the error database table into an on-machine detection software system;
and S5, performing on-site on-machine detection, mounting the measuring head on the main shaft of the machine tool, ensuring that the included angle of the tripod on the measuring head mounted on the main shaft relative to the X or Y axial direction of the machine tool is consistent with the position of the measuring head above the workbench during a calibration error experiment, locking the main shaft of the machine tool, calling pre-stroke error compensation data implanted in an on-machine detection software system, and completing the calibration work of the measuring head.
2. The method for calibrating the accuracy of the on-machine detection trigger type gauge head according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the method for measuring the influence of the probe length on the pre-stroke error comprises the following steps:
dividing the calibration standard ball into a plurality of equal parts at the 0-degree position, selecting measuring heads with different probe lengths to measure once every 10 longitudes at the 0-degree position of the standard ball respectively, and obtaining corresponding amount of measurement data.
3. A method for calibrating the accuracy of an on-machine test trigger-type probe according to claim 2, wherein the calibration standard ball is divided into 36 equal parts at the 0 ° position, and probes with different probe lengths are selected to measure every 10 longitude along the 0 ° position of the standard ball, so that 36 measurement data are obtained in total.
4. A method for calibrating the accuracy of an on-machine test trigger probe according to claim 3, wherein the calibration standard ball is divided into 36 equal parts at the 0 ° position, and probes with probe lengths of 20mm, 50mm and 200mm are selected to measure every 10 longitude along the 0 ° position of the standard ball, so as to obtain 36 measurement data in total.
5. The method for calibrating the accuracy of the on-machine detection trigger type gauge head according to claim 4, wherein in step S2, the method for measuring the influence of the detection direction on the pre-stroke error comprises the following steps:
the standard ball is touched 36 times at 0 degrees and 45 degrees respectively by using a probe with the same length, and the working surface is always kept touched in the direction of a normal vector of the surface position of the measuring point on the standard ball.
6. The method for calibrating the accuracy of an on-machine test trigger-type probe according to claim 5, wherein in step S1, before the calibration error test, the probe is mounted on the main shaft of the machine tool through the tapered tail part, and a plurality of measuring points are measured to determine the included angle of the tripod with respect to the X or Y axis of the worktable.
7. The method for calibrating the accuracy of the on-machine detection trigger type gauge head according to claim 6, wherein the method for measuring the included angle comprises the following steps:
fixing a ring gauge on a workbench, using a dial gauge for alignment to ensure that the center of the ring gauge is consistent with the center of a main shaft of a numerical control machine tool, installing a measuring head on the main shaft of the machine tool, keeping X, Y coordinates of the machine tool still, moving a Z shaft to move the measuring head to a proper depth in a hole, uniformly measuring 4, 6, 12 and 18 measuring points in the inner hole of the ring gauge by using a probe with the same length and the same measuring speed, and respectively recording the offset of the measuring head.
8. The method for calibrating the accuracy of the on-machine detection trigger-type measuring head according to claim 7, wherein the diameter of the ring gauge is 100.0035 mm.
9. The method for calibrating the accuracy of an on-machine testing trigger-type gauge head according to claim 8, wherein in step S5, before the actual implementation of the on-machine testing, 12 points on the measuring ring gauge are called, a quick determining program for the orientation of the three-legged support of the gauge head is called to determine the orientation of the three-legged support of the gauge head, the machine tool spindle is rotated according to the calculated angular deviation to keep the orientation consistent with the orientation during calibration, and then the machine tool spindle is locked, and the pre-stroke error compensation data implanted in the on-machine testing software system is called to complete the calibration of the gauge head.
10. The method for calibrating the accuracy of the on-machine detection trigger-type gauge head according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the diameter of the calibration ball is 19.996 mm.
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