CN113021077A - Precision calibration method for on-machine measurement system of numerical control machine tool - Google Patents

Precision calibration method for on-machine measurement system of numerical control machine tool Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113021077A
CN113021077A CN201911250819.2A CN201911250819A CN113021077A CN 113021077 A CN113021077 A CN 113021077A CN 201911250819 A CN201911250819 A CN 201911250819A CN 113021077 A CN113021077 A CN 113021077A
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China
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machine
detection
numerical control
error
measurement system
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CN201911250819.2A
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李双栋
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Beijing Jingdiao Group Co Ltd
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Beijing Jingdiao Group Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools

Abstract

The invention relates to a precision calibration method of an on-machine measurement system of a numerical control machine tool, and aims to provide the precision calibration method of the on-machine measurement system, which is simple to operate, high in calibration efficiency, low in cost, accurate and credible in calibration precision and strong in traceability. The method is characterized in that an on-machine measuring system is adopted to directly detect the calibrated standard device and evaluate the detection result, and specifically comprises the following steps: calibrating the indicating value error in the space length direction of the numerical control machine tool by using a calibrated standard machine through an on-machine measuring system, and compensating errors of the indicating value error exceeding the maximum allowable indicating value error of the numerical control machine tool by using the space precision of the numerical control machine tool to ensure that the indicating value error is less than or equal to the maximum allowable indicating value error; and (3) calibrating the detection error of the on-machine measurement system by adopting the standard ball, and correcting the on-machine measurement system to ensure that the detection error is less than or equal to the maximum allowable detection error of the on-machine measurement system when the detection error exceeds the maximum allowable detection error of the on-machine measurement system.

Description

Precision calibration method for on-machine measurement system of numerical control machine tool
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of numerical control machines, and particularly relates to a precision calibration method for an on-machine measurement system of a numerical control machine.
Background
The numerical control machine tool on-machine measuring system directly detects the processing quality of a workpiece by using a high-precision trigger type measuring head on the numerical control machine tool, realizes the integration of the processing and detecting functions of the numerical control machine tool, can effectively improve the processing precision, the processing efficiency and the product quality, solves the problem or obstacle of off-line measurement, and becomes one of the important development directions of modern advanced manufacturing technology.
The accuracy of the machining and measurement results is directly affected by the quality of the measurement accuracy of the on-machine measurement system, and in order to ensure the measurement and machining accuracy, the accuracy of the machine tool is usually detected by using detection tools such as a laser interferometer and the like, so that the accuracy of the machine tool meets the requirements, and then the accuracy of the on-machine measurement system is calibrated by using a comparison method or a sampling inspection method. The comparison method is that an on-machine measuring system is used for measuring workpieces qualified for detection of the three-coordinate measuring machine, measured data are compared with detected data of the three-coordinate measuring machine, if two groups of data are consistent or the deviation is smaller than a certain specific value, the measurement precision of the on-machine measuring system is considered to meet the precision requirement, and the on-machine measuring system can be used for measuring the machined workpieces. The sampling inspection method is that in batch measurement, a product is extracted from products which are detected by an on-machine measurement system and is put on a three-coordinate measuring machine for detection, the consistency of data detected by the three-coordinate measuring machine and the on-machine measurement data is compared, if two groups of data are consistent or the deviation is smaller than a certain specific value, the measurement precision of the on-machine measurement system is considered to meet the precision requirement, the on-machine measurement system can be continuously used for measuring the machined workpieces, and in order to ensure the data to be accurate, the comparison is carried out by detecting every certain number of products.
The two methods are only suitable for detecting batch products, if the products are required to be replaced, the measurement accuracy of the on-machine measurement system needs to be verified again, the efficiency is low, and the method is not suitable for measuring single products; and all need use three-coordinate measuring machine to calibrate, the cost is higher, and the measured data also has not traceablility. In addition, in the calibration process, the workpiece needs to be repeatedly assembled and disassembled between the numerical control machine tool and the three-coordinate measuring machine, the workpiece is easy to deform, and the measurement accuracy is easy to be inconsistent due to the deviation between the environment measurement temperature of the on-machine measurement and the environment measurement temperature of the three-coordinate measuring machine, so that the calibration result is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides the precision calibration method of the on-machine measurement system of the numerical control machine, which has the advantages of simple operation, high calibration efficiency, low cost, accurate and reliable calibration precision and strong traceability.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the precision calibration method for the on-machine measuring system of the numerical control machine tool directly detects a calibrated standard device by adopting the on-machine measuring system of the numerical control machine tool and evaluates a detection result, and specifically comprises the following steps:
A. calibrating the indication error of the space length direction of the numerical control machine tool by an on-machine measuring system by using a calibrated standard, wherein the standard comprises but is not limited to a gauge block, a step gauge, a ball plate and a hole plate;
B. judging whether the indicating value error is less than or equal to the maximum allowable indicating value error of the numerical control machine tool, if so, executing the step D, and if not, executing the step C;
C. carrying out error compensation on the space precision of the numerical control machine tool, and returning to the step A;
D. calibrating the detection error of the on-machine measurement system by adopting a standard ball;
E. judging whether the detection error is less than or equal to the maximum allowable detection error of the on-machine measurement system, if so, executing the step G; if not, executing the step F;
F. d, calibrating and correcting the on-machine measurement system, and returning to the step D;
G. an on-machine inspection procedure is performed on the product or workpiece.
Preferably, the specific operation method of step a includes:
A1. setting X, Y, Z three linear axis directions of the numerical control machine tool and four spatial diagonal directions of the linear axes as length measuring directions;
A2. sequentially measuring each length measuring direction, wherein the specific measuring process is that a plurality of standard devices with uniform length intervals are placed in the length measuring direction, and the length of each standard device is measured for multiple times to obtain a plurality of detection length indicating values;
A3. and respectively calculating the difference value between the indication value and the calibration value of each detection length to obtain the indication value error of each detection length.
Preferably, the specific operation method of step D includes:
D1. selecting N detection points on the standard ball for detection, and respectively obtaining the position coordinates of each detection point;
D2. calculating the sphere center position of the standard sphere by using a least square method according to the position coordinates of each detection point;
D3. respectively calculating the distance R from each detection point to the center of the spherei(i =1, 2 … … N) and is based on the maximum distance RmaxAnd a minimum distance RminCalculating the detection error P = Rmax-Rmin。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the precision of the on-machine measurement system of the numerical control machine tool is calibrated by adopting a standard machine which is verified by national standards, the detected data can be directly traced to the national standard, and the measured data is accurate and reliable; the product processed by the numerical control machine tool can be directly detected without being disassembled and assembled between the machine tool and a three-coordinate measuring machine, so that the efficiency is improved, the cost is saved, the clamping deformation is reduced, the product yield is improved, the consistency of the processing temperature and the detection temperature is easily ensured, the processing and measuring precision consistency is good, the method is suitable for measuring batch products, and the measurement of single products can be met. In addition, through the workpiece measured on the machine, if the detection result is out of tolerance, the workpiece can be compensated and processed under the condition that the workpiece does not move, the workpiece does not need to be aligned again, the one-time survival rate is improved, and the material waste is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the calibration process of the present invention for the indication error of the length direction of the numerical control machine space.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the spatial length measurement direction of the method of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a spatial length measurement method of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the calibration process of the present invention for detecting errors in an on-machine measurement system.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a standard sphere detection according to the method of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a standard ball detection point distribution according to the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for calibrating the accuracy of the on-machine measuring system of the numerically-controlled machine tool of the invention comprises the following steps:
step 100, calibrating indicating value errors in the length direction of the space of the numerical control machine tool by using a calibrated standard machine through an on-machine measuring system, wherein the standard machine of the embodiment adopts a measuring block, and also can adopt a step gauge, a ball plate, a pore plate and the like;
step 200, judging whether the indicating value error is less than or equal to the maximum allowable indicating value error of the numerical control machine tool, if so, executing step 400, and if not, executing step 300;
step 300, performing error compensation on the space precision of the numerical control machine tool, and returning to the step 100;
step 400, calibrating the detection error of the on-machine measurement system by using a standard ball;
step 500, judging whether the detection error is less than or equal to the maximum allowable detection error of the on-machine measurement system, if so, executing step 700; if not, go to step 600;
step 600, calibrating and correcting the on-machine measuring system, such as recalibrating a measuring head, a measuring needle and the like, and then returning to step 400;
at step 700, an on-machine inspection process is performed on a product or workpiece.
Fig. 2 shows a specific operation method of step 100, including:
101, setting X, Y, Z three linear axis directions of a numerical control machine tool and four spatial diagonal directions of the linear axes as length measuring directions, wherein EF, EH and EB are X, Y, Z three linear axis directions respectively, and ED, FA, HC and GB are four spatial diagonal directions of the linear axes respectively, as shown in FIG. 3;
step 102, sequentially measuring each length measurement direction, wherein in the specific measurement process, 5 gauge blocks with uniform length intervals are placed in the length measurement direction, as shown in fig. 4, the 5 gauge blocks selected in each length measurement direction according to different lengths may not be a same set of gauge blocks, then the length of each gauge block is measured by a machine measurement system, each gauge block is measured for 3 times to obtain 3 detection length indication values, and 35 gauge blocks in seven length measurement directions obtain 105 detection length indication values in total;
103, respectively calculating the difference between the indication value of each detection length and the calibration value of the gauge block to obtain the indication error of each detection length;
in particular, the repetition accuracy of the length measurement error can also be evaluated from the indication error of 3 measurements per gauge block.
Fig. 5 shows a specific method of operation of step 400, comprising:
step 401, as shown in fig. 6, selecting 25 detection points on a standard sphere for detection, and obtaining position coordinates of each detection point respectively; as shown in fig. 6 and 7, the 25 detection points are uniformly distributed, wherein point 1 is located at the extreme position; the 4 points are uniformly distributed at 30 degrees below the extreme point; the 8 points are uniformly distributed at 60 degrees below the pole and rotate 22.5 degrees relative to the front 4 points; the 12 points are uniformly distributed at 90 degrees below the pole point and are rotated by 20 degrees relative to the front 8 points;
step 402, calculating the center position of the standard ball by using a least square method according to the position coordinates of each detection point;
step 403, respectively calculating the distance R from each detection point to the center of the spherei(i =1, 2 … … 25) and is dependent on the maximum distance RmaxAnd a minimum distance RminCalculating the detection error P = Rmax-Rmin。
The method can realize the precision calibration of the numerical control machine tool on-machine measuring system without the aid of detection equipment such as a three-coordinate measuring machine and the like, has high efficiency and low cost, can directly trace the source of the measured data to the national standard, and is accurate and reliable; the problems of product deformation and the like caused by repeated disassembly and assembly can be solved, the measurement requirements of batch products can be met, and the measurement of single products can also be realized; and if the measurement result is out of tolerance, compensation processing can be directly carried out on the numerical control machine tool, secondary alignment is not needed, the efficiency is high, and the yield is high. In addition, the method can calibrate the spatial precision of the machine tool, and can omit part of the geometric precision detection process in some occasions.
Although the present invention has been described in detail hereinabove, the present invention is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art can make various modifications in accordance with the principle of the present invention. Thus, modifications made in accordance with the principles of the present invention should be understood to fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. The precision calibration method of the on-machine measuring system of the numerical control machine is characterized in that the on-machine measuring system of the numerical control machine is adopted to directly detect a calibrated standard device and evaluate a detection result, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
A. calibrating the indication error of the space length direction of the numerical control machine tool by an on-machine measuring system by using a calibrated standard, wherein the standard comprises but is not limited to a gauge block, a step gauge, a ball plate and a hole plate;
B. judging whether the indicating value error is less than or equal to the maximum allowable indicating value error of the numerical control machine tool, if so, executing the step D, and if not, executing the step C;
C. carrying out error compensation on the space precision of the numerical control machine tool, and returning to the step A;
D. calibrating the detection error of the on-machine measurement system by adopting a standard ball;
E. judging whether the detection error is less than or equal to the maximum allowable detection error of the on-machine measurement system, if so, executing the step G; if not, executing the step F;
F. d, calibrating and correcting the on-machine measurement system, and returning to the step D;
G. an on-machine inspection procedure is performed on the product or workpiece.
2. The method for calibrating the accuracy of the machine-on-machine measuring system of the numerically-controlled machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the specific operation method of the step A comprises:
A1. setting X, Y, Z three linear axis directions of the numerical control machine tool and four spatial diagonal directions of the linear axes as length measuring directions;
A2. sequentially measuring each length measuring direction, wherein the specific measuring process is that a plurality of standard devices with uniform length intervals are placed in the length measuring direction, and the length of each standard device is measured for multiple times to obtain a plurality of detection length indicating values;
A3. and respectively calculating the difference value between the indication value and the calibration value of each detection length to obtain the indication value error of each detection length.
3. The method for calibrating the accuracy of the machine-on-machine measuring system of the numerical control machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the specific operation method of the step D comprises the following steps:
D1. selecting N detection points on the standard ball for detection, and respectively obtaining the position coordinates of each detection point;
D2. calculating the sphere center position of the standard sphere by using a least square method according to the position coordinates of each detection point;
D3. respectively calculating the distance R from each detection point to the center of the spherei(i =1, 2 … … N) and is based on the maximum distance RmaxAnd a minimum distance RminCalculating the detection error P = Rmax-Rmin。
CN201911250819.2A 2019-12-09 2019-12-09 Precision calibration method for on-machine measurement system of numerical control machine tool Pending CN113021077A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114029786A (en) * 2021-11-17 2022-02-11 成都四威高科技产业园有限公司 Automatic alignment method and system based on built-in measuring head workpiece

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US20020123858A1 (en) * 2001-03-05 2002-09-05 Mitutoyo Corporation Position measuring apparatus and working apparatus using the same
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CN207164572U (en) * 2017-08-21 2018-03-30 天津理工大学 Digit Control Machine Tool composition error measuring system based on On-machine Test
CN108227622A (en) * 2018-01-10 2018-06-29 福州大学 Lathe geometric error measuring method and system based on one-dimensional probe and standard ball
CN108613651A (en) * 2018-06-26 2018-10-02 重庆市计量质量检测研究院 Three coordinate measuring machine device for fast detecting and method

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5501096A (en) * 1993-08-07 1996-03-26 Dr. Johannes Heidenhain Gmbh Calibration method for determining and compensating differences of measuring forces in different coordinate directions in a multi-coordinate scanning system
US20020123858A1 (en) * 2001-03-05 2002-09-05 Mitutoyo Corporation Position measuring apparatus and working apparatus using the same
CN1892175A (en) * 2005-07-08 2007-01-10 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 Three-coordinate measuring machine-tool error compensation system and method
CN107368034A (en) * 2017-08-21 2017-11-21 天津理工大学 Digit Control Machine Tool composition error measuring system and its measuring method based on On-machine Test
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CN108227622A (en) * 2018-01-10 2018-06-29 福州大学 Lathe geometric error measuring method and system based on one-dimensional probe and standard ball
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114029786A (en) * 2021-11-17 2022-02-11 成都四威高科技产业园有限公司 Automatic alignment method and system based on built-in measuring head workpiece

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Application publication date: 20210625