CN102501136A - On-machine detection measuring head and detection system for numerical control machine tool - Google Patents
On-machine detection measuring head and detection system for numerical control machine tool Download PDFInfo
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- CN102501136A CN102501136A CN2011103034241A CN201110303424A CN102501136A CN 102501136 A CN102501136 A CN 102501136A CN 2011103034241 A CN2011103034241 A CN 2011103034241A CN 201110303424 A CN201110303424 A CN 201110303424A CN 102501136 A CN102501136 A CN 102501136A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an on-machine detection measuring head for a numerical control machine tool. The on-machine detection measuring head comprises a measuring bar and a guide mechanism for guiding the measuring bar to make the vertical linear motion. The top of the measuring bar is provided with an elastic reset mechanism. The on-machine detection measuring head is characterized in that a linear displacement sensor is arranged at the position close to the measuring bar. The invention also discloses a detection system applying the measuring head, and the detection system comprises the measuring head, a signal acquisition circuit and a control center which are sequentially electrically connected. A numerical control system executes a measuring program to control a servo system of the machine tool to drive the measuring head to carry out measurement; coordinates of a point which is measured each time are timely transmitted back to the detection system; after the model detection is completed, the detection system carries out error compensation on measurement data; a spatial position and shape information of a measured workpiece can be calculated by carrying out corresponding operation on the corrected data; and the positioning and processing correction of the workpiece are guided by utilizing an obtained result. Auxiliary processing time can be greatly saved and the rejection rate of the workpiece is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to advanced the measurement and the detection technique field, be specifically related to a kind of gauge head and detection system that is used for Digit Control Machine Tool at machine testing.
Background technology
Along with the continuous development of industrial automation, free form surface class workpiece has application more and more widely at industrial circles such as aviation, automobiles, and its requirement to machining accuracy of NC machine tool and quality testing precision also improves day by day.
Mostly the testing tool that in industrial process, uses at present is three coordinate measuring machine; Involve great expense; Complicated operation; And this traditional manual measurement and off-line measurement be owing to exist length consuming time, need problem such as second positioning, can't processing effectively be combined with detecting, and can not satisfy growing detection demand.
Can well address the above problem in the machine testing system.So-called be meant integrated gauge head and dedicated software modules realization Automatic positioning of Workpiece on Digit Control Machine Tool in the machine testing system, functions such as quality evaluation in the machine system.This system can practice thrift greatly and process non-cutting time, reduces the scrappage of workpiece, and is significant to enterprise production.
At present at home, a lot of colleges and universities are being engaged in the research of related fields with some R&D institutions.Professor He Gaiyun of University Of Tianjin applies for a patent name and is called: " a kind of complex space type surface is at machine quality detecting system ", its number of patent application are CN101342664.The Ma Zi of the Maritime Affairs University Of Dalian etc. applies for a patent name and is called: " numerical control machining center is in machine three-dimensional profile detection system ", its number of patent application are 101968344A.The patent name of the Yang Guang of Hebei University of Science and Technology invention is: " a kind of intensive input integrated package that is used for the numerical control on-machine measurement ", its number of patent application is CN101758425A.
Above-mentioned inventive principle is quite similar, all is through on Digit Control Machine Tool, installing gauge head additional workpiece to be carried out on-position measure.Obtain its measurement data through digital control system, through some softwares and Algorithm Analysis measurement result, provide the processing instruction then.
The lathe gauge head is whole key components in the machine testing system, and its precision influences the precision of whole measuring system to a great extent.In the world, be representative with the Renishaw company of Britain, the said firm put on display first item lathe gauge head in 1977 on Hanover's EMO, produced far-reaching influence.The said firm applies for a patent name in China and is called " contact-sensing probe ", and its Chinese number of patent application is: CN86105617.Mitutoyo Mfg. Co., Ltd. of Amada Co., Ltd. has also applied for patent in China, and name is called: " contacting signal probe ", its Chinese number of patent application is: CN85107033.Other metering companies also have Related product to come out, like the MIDA series gauge head of Italian Marposs company.Germany m&h company, relevant enterprises such as blum company also have like product to come out.At home, the dynamo-electric Co., Ltd of the Harbin pioneer patent that has been the said firm's gauge head application, patent name is: " trigger-type three dimensional probe, 3-D probe ", its application number are 201020044796.8.
For the lathe gauge head, it mainly acts on is the time of contact of accurately judging chaining pin and workpiece for measurement surface, and the number of notifications controlled machine is in time deposited main shaft coordinate this moment.Through analysis to existing lathe contact measuring head product; Its operation principle is following: the active circuit that a closure is arranged in gauge head inside; This circuit is connected with a trigger mechanism; As long as trigger mechanism produces trigger action, will cause the circuit state variation and send signal, the duty of indication gauge head; The unique conditional of trigger mechanism generation trigger action is that the chaining pin of gauge head produces small swing or inner mobile to gauge head; When gauge head is connected on the machine tool chief axis and during with main axle moving; As long as the contact on the chaining pin contacts with surface of the work in any direction; Make chaining pin produce small swing or mobile, will form triggering, its triggering signal is a switching signal.
In actual use, this kind touch trigger probe exists certain drawback.
The first, its efficiency of measurement is not high.In the machine testing process; Send triggering signal when the gauge head top and pass to digital control system; Digital control system with its as priority higher interruption handle; Suppose that it is t to the time of controlling the complete stop motion of machine tool chief axis that digital control system scans triggering signal, this moment, the axis feeding speed of lathe was v, its movement travel L=v*t.The error that need compensate when L also is post-processed.For present touch trigger probe, be to guarantee precision, the safe stroke of reserving between wherein is often less, and when L reached certain value, gauge head can be broken.So, in machine testing, use touch trigger probe feed speed in measuring process often lower at present, had a strong impact on efficiency of measurement.
The second, measure error is difficult to compensation.The pretravel error of contact measuring head is inevitable; This error is for touching the displacement of surface of the work when gauge head sends triggering signal from surveying ball; Also can be expressed as measuring staff by overcome each parts of initial tension of spring and gauge head the summation of generation strain, establish it and be L
1Because material different, various structure can cause the non-regularity of this error, so method commonly used at present is to use the standard ball experiment that it is demarcated.This error can only be reduced but it can't be eliminated.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of Digit Control Machine Tool at the machine examination gauge head, improved efficiency of measurement and precision.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of Digit Control Machine Tool of using above-mentioned gauge head in the machine testing system, improved efficiency of measurement and precision.
Digit Control Machine Tool comprises measuring staff and is used to guide measuring staff to make vertical straight-line guiding mechanism that the measuring staff top is provided with flexible restoring organ at the machine testing gauge head, the place is provided with linear displacement transducer near measuring staff.
Use above-mentioned gauge head in the machine testing system; Comprise the gauge head, signal acquisition circuit and the control centre that are electrically connected successively; After gauge head triggered, digital control system latched the measurement point coordinate according to triggering signal, and signal acquisition circuit is done to send control centre to after the Signal Pretreatment to the point coordinates that collects; It is characterized in that said control centre comprises model explanation module, path planning module, data communication module, error compensation module, data processing module and experts database system module;
Said model explanation module is used to extract the geometric properties of part model, receives the test point coordinate from the error compensation module in real time;
Said path planning module is used for detecting the path according to the geometric properties planning of part model, and is converted into the lathe trace routine;
Said data communication module is used for sending the lathe trace routine to digital control system, will feed back to the error compensation module from the test point coordinate of digital control system;
Said error compensation module is used for the test point coordinate is carried out error compensation;
Said data processing module is used for the history detection information that the experts database system module was analyzed or inquired about to the test point coordinate after the compensation is obtained the machining state of workpiece;
Said experts database system module is used for log history and detects information.Technique effect of the present invention is embodied in:
The present invention has designed a novel gauge head based on linear displacement transducer control; Original trigger mode of having upgraded; Through improving the metering system and the structure of existing gauge head; Make the lathe gauge head that significant raising arranged on efficiency of measurement and certainty of measurement, lay a good foundation at the machine testing system capabilities upgrade for whole.
The invention also discloses the detection system of using above-mentioned gauge head; Digital control system is carried out process of measurement, and the servo-drive system of control lathe drives gauge head and measures, and the coordinate of the point that at every turn records in time transmits back detection system; After the model detection finishes; Detection system is carried out error compensation to measurement data, and revised data are passed through spatial pose and the shape information that corresponding operation can calculate the workpiece of surveying, and utilizes the gained result to instruct the location of workpiece and processing to revise; Can practice thrift greatly the secondary process time, reduce the workpiece scrappage.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the gauge head sketch based on linear displacement transducer;
Fig. 2 connects sketch in the machine testing system architecture;
Fig. 3 divides figure in the machine testing system software module;
Fig. 4 is in machine testing systems soft ware operational flow diagram.
The specific embodiment
The present invention has at first carried out optimizing transformation to original lathe touch trigger probe, uses many sensings integration technology to solve precision and the efficiency of lathe gauge head in the actual measurement process.In Fig. 1, measuring staff 7 can be done the rectilinear motion of vertical direction under the constraint of guiding mechanism 6, and 4 for installing bearing.5 is linear displacement transducer, and fixedly a slice activity of a slice in installation process determines the mounting distance between two according to measuring stroke.Spring 3 is wrapped on the double-screw bolt 2 as automatic reset mechanism.Make that gauge head can automatically reply original position in the measuring process.Structure 1 is a handle of a knife, is used to be installed in machine tool chief axis.
In lathe gauge head housing, install linear displacement transducer additional, this sensor directly and the PMAC card connection of lathe, variable M is associated in triggering signal and the PMAC card.The measured value of linear displacement transducer is as the tone pitch of repairing of measurement result.When the lathe gauge head at a high speed near surface of the work to contacting moment, linear displacement transducer sends control signal, called after signal 1.PLC scans the value that changes M behind this signal, and as the contact sign, record main shaft coordinate this moment is controlled lathe simultaneously and stopped descending with this.Digital control system scans variable state in the PMAC card, reads and store main shaft coordinate this moment, and the reverse high speed lifting of control main shaft moves to next measuring point and repeats said process.
Adopt linear displacement transducer to replace the flip flop equipment of original gauge head, make the lathe gauge head in measuring process, can adopt high speed feed, improved efficiency of measurement greatly.Utilize in the PMAC card PLC scanning triggering signal, its scan period at 10ms interiorly can accomplish sampling, to control, refresh work such as variable.But for the control of typical cnc system software, from scan triggering signal to the kinetic control system typical case's time that feeds back to lathe more than 100ms.So adopt hardware directly control-mode of software assist control is than utilizing being controlled on efficient and the precision of task scheduling management mode of digital control system all more to have superiority fully.
Though can reduce the pretravel error in the measurement through the scan frequency that improves instrument, but can't eliminate fully.This moment, the coordinate figure of linear displacement transducer record can be repaiied accent to final measurement, had effectively eliminated the pretravel error of lathe gauge head.For practical application in industry important value is arranged; For high-precision, on-machine measurement is significant efficiently.
Fig. 2 is whole application sketch map in the machine testing system.The OMVS system is made up of Digit Control Machine Tool, servo-drive system and measuring system.With the Digit Control Machine Tool is basic the support, by servo-drive system the measurement motor function is provided.
Measuring system comprises gauge head, signal acquisition circuit and control centre.Gauge head is the key component in the machine testing system, and directly influence is in the precision of machine testing.Wherein gauge head is crucial measurement component.Control module is a control core mechanism.When connecting, the signal of lathe gauge head outputs in the PMAC card, and digital control system and PMAC stick into row communication and get in touch, and control the measurement campaign of lathe indirectly.
Fig. 3 is at machine testing System Control Center structural representation.Divide according to function, be subdivided into model explanation module, measuring point distribution and path planning module, data communication module, error compensation module, data processing module and experts database system module again below the control centre.
The cad model that the model explanation module mainly is responsible for different 3D sculpting softwares are generated imports measuring system, and interpretation obtains its geometric properties.Exploitation shows to have the basic operating function such as the magnification transformable of model, rotation transformation etc. to threedimensional model based on the geometry engines of ACIS.Can realize the real-time monitoring of measuring process, the real-time demonstration of the position of gauge head, theoretical coordinate, measurement coordinate.
Path planning module is to the different model geometric properties; The definition measurement coordinate system; It is unified with the coordinate of design coordinate system to accomplish measurement coordinate system, on the basis of having extracted geometric properties, adopts the Hammersley sequence algorithm, adopts the self adaptation measuring point Distribution Algorithm based on curvature according to the curvature characteristic on surface to be measured; Be that the big local measuring point distribution number of curvature is many, the local measuring point distribution number that curvature is little is few.Can guarantee under the prerequisite of certain precision, farthest to reduce the number of measuring point like this, improve efficiency of measurement greatly.In conjunction with the concrete shape of workpiece, adopt the minimum box intersection algorithm that contains to judge whether to exist interference point (test point that gauge head and workpiece bump), interference point is rejected from the planning measuring point, utilize remaining test point coordinate to generate the machine tool measuring program.
Data communication module is mainly used in the transmission of accomplishing data.Adopt the mode of RS232 serial communication that process of measurement is passed to digital control system, digital control system is responsible for carrying out measuring and is obtained the test point coordinate, constantly reads, stores the coordinate in the PMAC card simultaneously, and measurement data is passed to the error compensation module.
The error compensation module is the important assurance of certainty of measurement, in this module, realizes error calibration, the error calibration of lathe, the error compensation of gauge head and the error compensation function of lathe of gauge head.The error calibration of gauge head can adopt standard gauge block is carried out repeated measurement, sets up error compensation tables according to measurement result; Then measure back Input Software system for machine tool error and set up compensation meter through laser measuring apparatus.For the measurement data of being come by the communication module transmission, inquiry corresponding compensation value is revised it in error compensation tables, and correction result mails to data processing module.
Data processing module the is integrated various algorithms of data provide typical ICP algorithm, and the KH algorithm utilizes the data and the original CAD discrete points data that record to carry out registration, finally realizes Automatic positioning of Workpiece and error-detecting function.
The experts database system adopts SQL database, is aimed at the storage of workpiece calibration information of the same type in the past and gathers, and its content comprises system fault diagnosis situation and processing mode, measuring route, gauge head compensated information, error correction situation or the like.Set up perfect experts database system can avoid similar gauge head repeat demarcate, conventional self diagnosis that can back-up system with to the intelligent decision of similar workpiece calibration with handle automatically, can only degree and efficiency of measurement with what improve measuring system greatly.
Fig. 4 is whole workflow sketch map in the machine testing system.At first the lathe gauge head is installed in above the main shaft, carries out error calibration, and file is demarcated in storage for gauge head and lathe.Import the cad model of workpiece for measurement, the geometric properties and the real-time simulation model state of extraction model after system explains, translates.According to the quantity and the distribution of the geological information of model planning measuring point, plan the collisionless measuring route automatically, generate process of measurement.Digital control system is carried out process of measurement, and the servo-drive system of control lathe drives gauge head and measures, and the coordinate of the point that at every turn records in time transmits back the digital control system storage.After the model detection finished, detection system was carried out error compensation to measurement data, gave data processing module with revised data passes, can calculate the spatial pose and the shape information of the workpiece of surveying through corresponding operation.Utilize the gained result to instruct the location of workpiece and processing to revise.Can practice thrift greatly the secondary process time, reduce the workpiece scrappage.
Claims (2)
1. a Digit Control Machine Tool comprises measuring staff and is used to guide measuring staff to make vertical straight-line guiding mechanism at the machine testing gauge head, and the measuring staff top is provided with flexible restoring organ, it is characterized in that, the place is provided with linear displacement transducer near measuring staff.
2. use above-mentioned gauge head in the machine testing system; Comprise the gauge head, signal acquisition circuit and the control centre that are electrically connected successively; After gauge head triggered, digital control system latched the measurement point coordinate according to triggering signal, and signal acquisition circuit is done to send control centre to after the Signal Pretreatment to the point coordinates that collects; It is characterized in that said control centre comprises model explanation module, path planning module, data communication module, error compensation module, data processing module and experts database system module;
Said model explanation module is used to extract the geometric properties of part model, receives the test point coordinate from the error compensation module in real time;
Said path planning module is used for detecting the path according to the geometric properties planning of part model, and is converted into the lathe trace routine;
Said data communication module is used for sending the lathe trace routine to digital control system, will feed back to the error compensation module from the test point coordinate of digital control system;
Said error compensation module is used for the test point coordinate is carried out error compensation;
Said data processing module is used for the history detection information that the experts database system module was analyzed or inquired about to the test point coordinate after the compensation is obtained the machining state of workpiece;
Said experts database system module is used for log history and detects information.
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| CN104615092A (en) * | 2013-11-01 | 2015-05-13 | 财团法人工业技术研究院 | Work machine control system and method thereof |
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| CN105783845A (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2016-07-20 | 重庆大学 | Tooth profile measuring method of numerical control gear grinding machine on-machine measuring system |
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| CN105783845A (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2016-07-20 | 重庆大学 | Tooth profile measuring method of numerical control gear grinding machine on-machine measuring system |
| CN105783845B (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2018-03-09 | 重庆大学 | A kind of flank profil measuring method of numerically controlled tooth grinding machine on-machine measurement system |
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