CN102785128B - The part processing precision on-line detecting system of NC Machine lathe and detection method - Google Patents
The part processing precision on-line detecting system of NC Machine lathe and detection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102785128B CN102785128B CN201210266131.5A CN201210266131A CN102785128B CN 102785128 B CN102785128 B CN 102785128B CN 201210266131 A CN201210266131 A CN 201210266131A CN 102785128 B CN102785128 B CN 102785128B
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Abstract
The present invention is a kind of part processing precision on-line detecting system and detection method of NC Machine lathe.Detection system comprises chuck, workpiece, lathe gauge head, and workpiece is contained on chuck, and lathe gauge head is contained in the side of workpiece, and the signal output part of lathe gauge head is connected with the controller of detection system.Detection method comprises the steps: 1) at the side of workpiece, lathe gauge head is installed; 2) demarcation of lathe gauge head; 3) measuring route and the code building of basic body part and curved surface part is planned; 4) controller of detection system compensates Part Thermal Deformation temperature error and carries out Error analysis of machining.The present invention after part machines without the need to leaving lathe, lathe tool is replaced by contact measuring head, according to geometric profile and the test item of work piece, the detection path of automatic planning gauge head, generate detection of code, by the communication interface with numerically controlled lathe, drive detection of code, realize the automatic measurement of part to be processed size and the accuracy of form and position, improve accuracy of detection and the efficiency of workpiece.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is a kind of part processing precision on-line detecting system and detection method of NC Machine lathe, especially the machining accuracy for the revolving parts with free curve profile detects fast, have on-line detecting system and the detection method of processing parts on the numerically controlled lathe of Aulomatizeted Detect function, belongs to the part processing precision on-line detecting system of NC Machine lathe and the innovative technology of detection method.
Background technology
Along with the raising of lathe in machining precision and curved profile working ability and perfect, further requirement be it is also proposed to the accuracy of detection of accessory size and contour shape, detection efficiency.But at present in Process of NC Machining, the detection of part processing precision mainly adopts hand dipping or off-line checking method, and its detection efficiency is low, detects poor stability, and length consuming time.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to consider the problems referred to above and provide a kind of reasonable in design, the part processing precision on-line detecting system of the simple NC Machine lathe of structure.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of easy and simple to handle, the part processing precision online test method of the NC Machine lathe of the precision measurement and detection efficiency that numerically controlled lathe batch workpiece is produced can be improved.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: the part processing precision on-line detecting system of NC Machine lathe of the present invention, include chuck, workpiece, lathe gauge head, wherein workpiece is installed on chuck, lathe gauge head is installed in the side of workpiece, and the signal output part of lathe gauge head is connected with the controller of detection system.
Above-mentioned lathe gauge head adopts touch trigger probe.
The detection method of the part processing precision on-line detecting system of NC Machine lathe of the present invention, comprises the steps:
1) at the side of workpiece, lathe gauge head is installed;
2) demarcation of lathe gauge head;
3) measuring route and the code building of basic body part and curved surface part is planned;
4) controller of detection system compensates Part Thermal Deformation temperature error and carries out Error analysis of machining.
Above-mentioned steps 1) lathe gauge head is installed method as follows: the probe location of lathe gauge head is arranged on X axis and Z is radial, X axis be tool axis to, Z radial direction is knife rest radial direction.
Above-mentioned steps 2) scaling method of lathe gauge head is as follows:
21) first go out a size with lathe tool finish turning and can accurately measure the annulus of concentric inner circle or concentric cylindrical as demarcation annulus;
22) demarcate the internal diameter of annulus and external diameter and initial precise measurements and compare to measuring and draw error;
23) X of lathe gauge head is obtained to correction value t1 when moving from negative to positive and run-out modification value e1; Obtain the X of lathe gauge head to correction value t2 when moving from positive to negative and run-out modification value e2, and write out in machine tool error compensation, compensate when machine tool motion.
Above-mentioned steps 3) in the method for measuring route of planning basic body part and curved surface part as follows, part due to lathe in machining is revolving body, as long as measuring route is planned on two dimensional surface, the principle measured is triggered by normal direction, according to the position of pattern detection point obtained, measured surface at the direction of normal of measured place, automatically generate measuring route;
31) for standard primitives, the detection of straight cylinder hole internal diameter, measurement key element is diameter of bore, obtains parts measurement initial with terminating point coordinate, and input diameter of bore, needs sampled point number and velocity variations point height, automatically generates and measures numerical control code;
32) for the part with free curve profile, on profile, each point curvature is different, detect sampled point direction of normal also different, when generating detection of code, utilize AutoCAD instrument to obtain the vertical line detecting sampled point, wherein measure vertical line end points, measuring point coordinate obtains by capturing or automatically travels through acquisition, what gauge head velocity transformation point coordinates was set by operator calculates, if velocity transformation point coordinates is (Z apart from absorption surface point height L
t, X
t), in acquisition pattern detection point process, obtain gauge head rectilinear motion peak (11) and minimum point (12) is respectively (Z simultaneously
n, X
n) and (Z
n-1, X
n-1), simultaneous equations
with
, wherein,
, calculate velocity transformation point coordinates (Z
t, X
t), generate and detect path 11 → 12 → 13 →... ... → 21 → 22.
Above-mentioned steps 4) in method that Part Thermal Deformation temperature error is compensated as follows:
Because the Part temperature of on-line checkingi is higher, can cause DATA REASONING deviation, therefore need to carry out precomputation to the heat distortion amount of part, compensate measurement result, concrete grammar is as follows:
Calculation expression for processing column axial workpiece heat distortion amount has:
, wherein, D
0, h
0for cylinder axial workpiece diameter, highly, α is material thermal expansion coefficient,
for the temperature difference before and after processing,
, ρ is density of material, E
0initial elastic modulus, α
efor the temperature coefficient of elastic modelling quantity, if the volume of cylinder axis is V before variations in temperature
0, after temperature changes, the physical dimension of axle changes, and its diameter, length are respectively D
1and h
1, and
, the volume of variations in temperature rear axle is V
1, due to the coefficient of cubical expansion
, therefore have
, in measured value analytical calculation process, this thermal deformation errors value complement is repaid in measured processing parts diameter, obtains part actual value at the working temperature.
Above-mentioned steps 3) in, for the point occurring interfering or colliding, adopt when test point is set and increase the method that transition point crosses interference point.
Above-mentioned steps 4) in, as part also exists flatness, circularity, the multinomial mismachining tolerance of axiality, the measured value of controller by returning from RS232 interface acquisition lathe gauge head of detection system, then flatness or axiality data processing are carried out to measured value, determine the flatness of measurand, circularity, coaxiality error.
The controller of said detecting system is computer.
Compared with prior art, tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
1) the present invention is easy and simple to handle, automatically can generate gauge head detection numerical control code, can improve the precision measurement and detection efficiency that numerically controlled lathe batch workpiece is produced.
2) the present invention can solve the problem that free curve Profile Parts machining accuracy is difficult to detect, and realizes automatic detection and the error assessment of contour machining precision.
3) the present invention solves the delayed and problem affecting Product Precision and production efficiency in process of production brought of detection technique, improves the flexibility of production line processing.
The present invention is that a kind of design is ingenious, function admirable, the part processing precision on-line detecting system of convenient and practical NC Machine lathe and detection method thereof.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 be lathe gauge head of the present invention at x to scheme of installation.
Fig. 2 be lathe gauge head of the present invention at z to scheme of installation.
Fig. 3 is the measurement path planning method of the present invention for straight cylinder hole and the schematic diagram of detection of code generation.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram that the present invention generates for free curve Profile Parts measurement path planning method and detection of code.
Fig. 5 is on-line checkingi schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is on-line checkingi flow chart of the present invention.
In the drawings: 1, chuck, 2 ~ 5, workpiece, 6, lathe gauge head, 7, probe location.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment:
Structural representation of the present invention as shown in Figure 1,2,3, 4, technical scheme of the present invention is: the part processing precision on-line detecting system of NC Machine lathe of the present invention, include chuck 1, workpiece, lathe gauge head 6, wherein workpiece is installed on chuck 1, lathe gauge head 6 is installed in the side of workpiece, and the signal output part of lathe gauge head 6 is connected with the controller of detection system.Workpiece of the present invention is respectively the workpiece 2 ~ 5 marked in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, and workpiece 2 ~ 5 is respectively difform part.
Above-mentioned lathe gauge head 6 adopts touch trigger probe.
The detection method of the part processing precision on-line detecting system of NC Machine lathe of the present invention, comprises the steps:
1) at the side of workpiece, lathe gauge head 6 is installed;
2) demarcation of lathe gauge head 6;
3) measuring route and the code building of basic body part and curved surface part is planned;
4) controller of detection system compensates Part Thermal Deformation temperature error and carries out Error analysis of machining.
Above-mentioned steps 1) lathe gauge head 6 is installed method as follows: the probe location 7 of lathe gauge head 6 is arranged on X axis and Z is radial, X axis be tool axis to, Z radial direction is knife rest radial direction.
Above-mentioned steps 2) scaling method of lathe gauge head 6 is as follows:
21) first go out a size with lathe tool finish turning and can accurately measure the annulus of concentric inner circle or concentric cylindrical as demarcation annulus;
22) demarcate the internal diameter of annulus and external diameter and initial precise measurements and compare to measuring and draw error;
23) X of lathe gauge head 6 is obtained to correction value t1 when moving from negative to positive and run-out modification value e1; Obtain the X of lathe gauge head 6 to correction value t2 when moving from positive to negative and run-out modification value e2, and write out in machine tool error compensation, compensate when machine tool motion.
Above-mentioned steps 3) in the method for measuring route of planning basic body part and curved surface part as follows, part due to lathe in machining is revolving body, as long as measuring route is planned on two dimensional surface, the principle measured is triggered by normal direction, according to the position of pattern detection point obtained, measured surface at the direction of normal of measured place, automatically generate measuring route;
31) for standard primitives, the detection of straight cylinder hole internal diameter, measurement key element is diameter of bore, obtains parts measurement initial with terminating point coordinate, and input diameter of bore, needs sampled point number and velocity variations point height, automatically generates and measures numerical control code;
32) for the part with free curve profile, on profile, each point curvature is different, detect sampled point direction of normal also different, when generating detection of code, utilize AutoCAD instrument to obtain the vertical line detecting sampled point, wherein measure vertical line end points, measuring point coordinate obtains by capturing or automatically travels through acquisition, what gauge head velocity transformation point coordinates was set by operator calculates, if velocity transformation point coordinates is (Z apart from absorption surface point height L
t, X
t), in acquisition pattern detection point process, obtain gauge head rectilinear motion peak (11) and minimum point (12) is respectively (Z simultaneously
n, X
n) and (Z
n-1, X
n-1), simultaneous equations
with
, wherein,
, calculate velocity transformation point coordinates (Z
t, X
t), generate and detect path 11 → 12 → 13 →... ... → 21 → 22.
Above-mentioned steps 4) in method that Part Thermal Deformation temperature error is compensated as follows:
Because the Part temperature of on-line checkingi is higher, can cause DATA REASONING deviation, therefore need to carry out precomputation to the heat distortion amount of part, compensate measurement result, concrete grammar is as follows:
Calculation expression for processing column axial workpiece heat distortion amount has:
, wherein, D
0, h
0for cylinder axial workpiece diameter, highly, α is material thermal expansion coefficient,
for the temperature difference before and after processing,
, ρ is density of material, E
0initial elastic modulus, α
efor the temperature coefficient of elastic modelling quantity, if the volume of cylinder axis is V before variations in temperature
0, after temperature changes, the physical dimension of axle changes, and its diameter, length are respectively D
1and h
1, and
, the volume of variations in temperature rear axle is V
1, due to the coefficient of cubical expansion
, therefore have
, in measured value analytical calculation process, this thermal deformation errors value complement is repaid in measured processing parts diameter, obtains part actual value at the working temperature;
Above-mentioned steps 3) in, for the point occurring interfering or colliding, adopt when test point is set and increase the method that transition point crosses interference point.
Above-mentioned steps 4) in, as part also exists flatness, circularity, the multinomial mismachining tolerance of axiality, the measured value of controller by returning from RS232 interface acquisition lathe gauge head of detection system, then flatness or axiality data processing are carried out to measured value, determine the flatness of measurand, circularity, coaxiality error.
In this example, the controller of said detecting system is computer.
Operation principle of the present invention is as follows: the object of the invention is numerically controlled lathe and contact-type detection to combine, have developed the on-line automatic monitoring system towards lathe process part, solve the rapid automatized test problems of part to be processed on numerically controlled lathe.This system is after part manufacturing procedure completes, directly lathe tool is replaced by contact measuring head, according to geometric profile and the test item of work piece, the detection path of automatic planning gauge head, generate detection of code, by the communication interface with numerically controlled lathe, drive detection of code, realize the automatic measurement of part to be processed size and the accuracy of form and position, thus improve accuracy of detection and the efficiency of processing work.
Concrete function of the present invention comprises:
1. the measurement code building mode be applicable to is selected according to the geometric properties of part: towards the basic macroprogram detection of geometric properties and the detection coordinates measurement towards Free-form Surface Parts.
2. according to project and the required precision of piece test, the parameter of setting measurement system.
3. system plans that gauge head detects path automatically, generates detection numerical control code.
4. detection path and detection of code are by RS232 communication interface, realize the communication of detection system and CNC system for lathe.
5. error calculation and evaluation are carried out to the measured value returned, obtain the machining accuracy of geometric properties and curved profile part, export measurement report.
6. precomputation is carried out to the heat distortion amount of part to be processed, and measurement result is compensated
In addition, also there is multinomial mismachining tolerance in part.The measured value that the present invention is returned by obtaining lathe gauge head from RS232 interface by computer, then carries out flatness or axiality data processing to measured value, can determine the flatness of measurand, circularity, axiality equal error.
The present invention is towards different part and feature, realize automatically generating towards the detection of code of geometric properties test item different from free curve profile, the function such as the generation of measurement point data feedback, error analysis report and thermal distortion compensation, its concrete testing process is as shown in Figure 6.
Claims (7)
1. the detection method of the part processing precision on-line detecting system of a NC Machine lathe, wherein the part processing precision on-line detecting system of NC Machine lathe includes chuck (1), workpiece (2 ~ 5), lathe gauge head (6), wherein workpiece (2 ~ 5) is installed on chuck (1), lathe gauge head (6) is installed in the side of workpiece (2 ~ 5), the signal output part of lathe gauge head (6) is connected with the controller of detection system, it is characterized in that the detection method of the part processing precision on-line detecting system of NC Machine lathe comprises the steps:
1) at the side of workpiece (2 ~ 5), lathe gauge head (6) is installed;
2) demarcation of lathe gauge head (6);
3) measuring route and the code building of basic body part and curved surface part is planned;
4) controller of detection system compensates Part Thermal Deformation temperature error and carries out Error analysis of machining;
Above-mentioned steps 3) in the method for measuring route of planning basic body part and curved surface part as follows, part due to lathe in machining is revolving body, as long as measuring route is planned on two dimensional surface, the principle measured is triggered by normal direction, according to the position of pattern detection point obtained, measured surface at the direction of normal of measured place, automatically generate measuring route;
3.1) for standard primitives, the detection of straight cylinder hole internal diameter, measurement key element is diameter of bore, obtains parts measurement initial with terminating point coordinate, and input diameter of bore, needs sampled point number and velocity variations point height, automatically generates and measures numerical control code;
3.2) for the part with free curve profile, on profile, each point curvature is different, detect sampled point direction of normal also different, when generating detection of code, utilize AutoCAD instrument to obtain the vertical line detecting sampled point, wherein measure vertical line end points, measuring point coordinate obtains by capturing or automatically travels through acquisition, what gauge head velocity transformation point coordinates was set by operator calculates, if velocity transformation point coordinates is (Z apart from absorption surface point height L
t, X
t), in acquisition pattern detection point process, obtain gauge head rectilinear motion peak (11) and minimum point (12) is respectively (Z simultaneously
n, X
n) and (Z
n-1, X
n-1), simultaneous equations
with
, wherein,
, calculate velocity transformation point coordinates (Z
t, X
t), generate and detect path;
Above-mentioned steps 4) in method that Part Thermal Deformation temperature error is compensated as follows:
Because the Part temperature of on-line checkingi is higher, can cause DATA REASONING deviation, therefore need to carry out precomputation to the heat distortion amount of part, compensate measurement result, concrete grammar is as follows:
Calculation expression for processing column axial workpiece heat distortion amount has:
, wherein, D
0, h
0for cylinder axial workpiece diameter, highly, α is material thermal expansion coefficient,
for the temperature difference before and after processing,
, ρ is density of material, E
0initial elastic modulus, α
efor the temperature coefficient of elastic modelling quantity, g is acceleration of gravity, if the volume of cylinder axis is V before variations in temperature
0, after temperature changes, the physical dimension of axle changes, and its diameter, length are respectively D
1and h
1, and
, the volume of variations in temperature rear axle is V
1, due to the coefficient of cubical expansion
, therefore have
, in measured value analytical calculation process, this thermal deformation errors value complement is repaid in measured processing parts diameter, obtains part actual value at the working temperature.
2. the detection method of the part processing precision on-line detecting system of NC Machine lathe according to claim 1, is characterized in that the lathe gauge head (6) in the part processing precision on-line detecting system of NC Machine lathe adopts touch trigger probe.
3. the detection method of the part processing precision on-line detecting system of NC Machine lathe according to claim 1, it is characterized in that above-mentioned steps 1) method of installing lathe gauge head (6) is as follows: the probe location (7) of lathe gauge head (6) is arranged on X axis and Z is radial, X axis be tool axis to, Z radial direction is knife rest radial direction.
4. the detection method of the part processing precision on-line detecting system of NC Machine lathe according to claim 1, is characterized in that above-mentioned steps 2) scaling method of lathe gauge head (6) is as follows:
2.1) first go out a size with lathe tool finish turning and can accurately measure the annulus of concentric inner circle or concentric cylindrical as demarcation annulus;
2.2) demarcate the internal diameter of annulus and external diameter and initial precise measurements and compare to measuring and draw error;
2.3) X of lathe gauge head (6) is obtained to correction value t1 when moving from negative to positive and run-out modification value e1; Obtain the X of lathe gauge head (6) to correction value t2 when moving from positive to negative and run-out modification value e2, and write out in machine tool error compensation, compensate when machine tool motion.
5. the detection method of the part processing precision on-line detecting system of NC Machine lathe according to claim 1, it is characterized in that above-mentioned steps 3) in, for the point occurring interfering or colliding, adopt when test point is set and increase the method that transition point crosses interference point.
6. the detection method of the part processing precision on-line detecting system of NC Machine lathe according to claim 1, it is characterized in that above-mentioned steps 4) in, the one or more mismachining tolerance in flatness, circularity, axiality is also there is as part, the measured value of controller by returning from RS232 interface acquisition lathe gauge head of detection system, then flatness or axiality data processing are carried out to measured value, determine the flatness of measurand, circularity, coaxiality error.
7. the detection method of the part processing precision on-line detecting system of NC Machine lathe according to claim 1, is characterized in that the controller in the part processing precision on-line detecting system of above-mentioned NC Machine lathe is computer.
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