CN114211015A - Automatic alignment mechanism and method for high-precision machining lathe for rotary parts - Google Patents
Automatic alignment mechanism and method for high-precision machining lathe for rotary parts Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B25/00—Accessories or auxiliary equipment for turning-machines
- B23B25/06—Measuring, gauging, or adjusting equipment on turning-machines for setting-on, feeding, controlling, or monitoring the cutting tools or work
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Abstract
The invention provides an automatic alignment mechanism of a lathe, wherein a first alignment system of the automatic alignment mechanism is a zero point positioning system, so that a rotary part is positioned on a master disc of the lathe, and a first precision deviation is controlled to be 0.015-0.03 mm; the second alignment system comprises a numerical control positioning system and comprises a measuring unit, a calculating unit and an adjusting unit, wherein the measuring unit is used for measuring the first precision deviation, the calculating unit is used for calculating the offset of the rotary part in three circumferential directions according to the first precision deviation value and a numerical control program, and the adjusting unit is used for correcting and finely adjusting the three-jaw chuck arranged on the lathe by driving a pushing mechanism of the lathe through the numerical control program according to the offset so that the second precision deviation is controlled within 0.01 mm. The invention also provides a method for automatically aligning the lathe. The automatic alignment mechanism is suitable for high-precision machining of rotary parts, and is particularly suitable for automatic production of aerospace high-precision parts.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of high-precision machining of rotary parts, and particularly relates to a mechanism for automatically aligning rotary parts of a lathe.
Background
At present, certain lathe rotary parts have high alignment requirements, for example, turning machining of aerospace multi-variety small-batch part rotary parts has the technical problem that an automatic production line is difficult to form, and the lathe is a manual alignment standard and is machined after manual adjustment.
Based on the above, the present application provides a technical solution to solve the above technical problems. Is particularly suitable for the automatic production of aerospace high-precision parts.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to obtain an automatic lathe alignment mechanism which is suitable for high-precision machining of rotary parts, in particular to automatic production of aerospace high-precision parts.
The second purpose of the invention is to obtain an automatic lathe alignment method, which is suitable for high-precision machining of rotary parts, and is particularly suitable for automatic production of aerospace high-precision parts.
The invention provides a lathe automatic alignment mechanism, which is suitable for high-precision machining of rotary parts and comprises a first alignment system and a second alignment system,
the first alignment system is a zero point positioning system, the rotary part is positioned on a master disc of the lathe through the zero point positioning system, and the first precision deviation of the rotary part relative to the central line of the rotary body is controlled to be 0.015-0.03 mm;
the second alignment system comprises a numerical control positioning system, the numerical control positioning system comprises a measuring unit, a calculating unit and an adjusting unit,
the measurement unit is arranged to measure the first accuracy deviation,
the calculating unit is arranged to calculate the offset of the rotary part in three directions of the circumference by a preset numerical control program according to the measured first precision deviation value,
the adjusting unit is arranged to drive a pushing mechanism of the lathe to correct and finely adjust the positioning deviation of a three-jaw chuck arranged on the lathe through the numerical control program according to the calculated offset of the rotary part in three directions of the circumference, so that the second precision deviation of the rotary part relative to the center line of the rotary body of the rotary part is controlled within 0.01 mm.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the second accuracy deviation of the center line of the body of revolution of the revolving type part is controlled to be within 0.004 mm.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the rotating part is an aerospace rotating part, and the second accuracy deviation of the center line of the rotating body of the rotating part is controlled to be within 0.001 mm.
In an embodiment of the invention, the adjusting unit completes the adjustment at a time, so that the second accuracy deviation is controlled within the required accuracy range.
In one embodiment of the present invention, if the required accuracy is not reached, the adjusting unit performs fine adjustment of the repositioning error correction until the required accuracy is reached.
In one embodiment of the invention, the calculating unit calculates the offset of the first part center reference by using a preset numerical control program, and calculates the offset in three directions of 0 °/120 °/240 ° of the circumference of the part.
In an embodiment of the present invention, in the adjusting unit, the pushing mechanism of the lathe is a main shaft of the lathe, and the eccentric fine adjustment is performed on an adjustable three-jaw chuck arranged on the lathe, so that the positioning deviation is subjected to the required correction fine adjustment.
The second aspect of the invention provides a method for automatically aligning a lathe, which is suitable for high-precision machining of rotary parts, and the method adopts the automatic alignment system of the lathe,
positioning the rotary part on a master disc of the lathe through the zero point positioning system, and controlling the first precision deviation of the rotary part relative to the central line of the rotary body of the rotary part to be 0.015-0.03 mm;
the measurement unit measures the first accuracy deviation,
the calculating unit calculates the offset of the rotary part in three directions of the circumference according to the measured first precision deviation value and a preset numerical control program,
and the adjusting unit drives a pushing mechanism of the lathe to correct and finely adjust the positioning deviation of a three-jaw chuck arranged on the lathe through the numerical control program according to the calculated offset of the rotary part in three directions of the circumference, so that the second precision deviation of the rotary part relative to the central line of the rotary body is controlled within 0.01 mm.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the second accuracy deviation is controlled to be not higher than 0.004 mm.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the second accuracy deviation is controlled to be not higher than 0.001 mm.
The invention can bring at least one of the following beneficial effects:
(1) the method is suitable for high-precision machining of rotary parts, and is particularly suitable for automatic production of aerospace high-precision parts. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the precision deviation can be controlled even to be in a micron order, and the highest precision requirement of aerospace high-precision parts is met.
(2) By the rough positioning of the zero system and the fine positioning of the fine adjustment system, the invention can realize an unmanned automatic alignment system and realize an automatic production line.
Drawings
The foregoing features, technical features, advantages and embodiments are further described in the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments, which is to be read in connection with the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a machine tool automatic alignment and adjustment system;
fig. 2 is an adjustable three-jaw chuck.
The reference numbers illustrate:
the device comprises a machine tool main shaft 1, an internal hexagonal wrench 2, an adjustable chuck 3, a part 4, a digital display dial indicator 5 and an external 6-line mounting table; 7-adjustable internal hexagonal screw.
Detailed Description
In the invention, the inventor finds that an unmanned automatic alignment system can be realized by the coarse positioning of the zero system and the fine positioning of the fine adjustment system through extensive and deep experiments, and an automatic production line is realized.
Unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise, the term "or" as used herein includes the relationship of "and". The "sum" is equivalent to the boolean logic operator "AND", the "OR" is equivalent to the boolean logic operator "OR", AND "is a subset of" OR ".
The terms "connected," "communicating," and "connecting" are used broadly and encompass, for example, a fixed connection, a connection through an intervening medium, a connection between two elements, or an interaction between two elements, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.
Various aspects of the invention are described in detail below:
automatic alignment mechanism for lathe
The invention provides an automatic alignment mechanism of a lathe, which is suitable for high-precision machining of rotary parts and comprises a first alignment system and a second alignment system, wherein the first alignment system is a zero point positioning system, the rotary parts are positioned on a master disc of the lathe through the zero point positioning system, and the first precision deviation of the rotary parts relative to the central line of a rotary body of the rotary parts is controlled to be 0.015-0.03 mm; the second alignment system comprises a numerical control positioning system, the numerical control positioning system comprises a measuring unit, a calculating unit and an adjusting unit, the measuring unit is used for measuring the first precision deviation, the calculating unit is used for calculating the offset of the rotary part in three circumferential directions according to the measured first precision deviation value and a preset numerical control program, the adjusting unit is used for driving a pushing mechanism of the lathe to correct and finely adjust the positioning deviation of a three-jaw chuck arranged on the lathe according to the calculated offset of the rotary part in three circumferential directions, and the second precision deviation of the rotary part relative to the center line of the rotary part is controlled within 0.01 mm.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the second accuracy deviation of the center line of the body of revolution of the revolving type part is controlled to be within 0.004 mm.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the rotating part is an aerospace rotating part, and the second accuracy deviation of the center line of the rotating body of the rotating part is controlled to be within 0.001 mm.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the second precision deviation is controlled to be in a micrometer scale, that is, the precision of the automatic alignment is in a micrometer scale as a whole.
The inventor finds that the automatic lathe alignment system can carry out high-precision physical correction on the center line of the revolving body of the revolving part through the rough positioning of the zero point system and the fine positioning of the fine adjustment system, can realize an unmanned automatic alignment system, and achieves an automatic production line. The invention relates to high-precision machining of rotary parts, which can realize unmanned intervention machining. More specifically, the fine positioning is performed by measurement (for example, feedback is performed in an on-machine measurement system), calculation (for example, calculation is performed by a machine tool through a preset macro program), and adjustment is performed by the adjusting unit (for example, secondary correction of positioning error is performed by a pushing mechanism), so that the rotary part with high precision requirement can be automatically aligned.
First alignment system
The first alignment system may be adjusted to an accuracy deviation of 0.015-0.03mm according to methods conventional in the art. The method comprises the steps of firstly manually clamping parts and tools off line (in a preparation area of a production line), carrying and clamping the parts and the tools to a machine tool through a robot, and positioning the parts and the tools on a master disc of the machine tool through a zero positioning system.
The zero point positioning system is an automatic positioning clamp mode commonly used in the mechanical field. Specifically, for example, the master disc is a conversion tool provided with a zero point positioning system, and a sub-disc clamp is positioned on the master disc through an automatic clamp. The common mechanical automatic clamping method has a positioning error of usually 0.015-0.03 mm.
Second alignment system
In one embodiment of the invention, the measurement unit is an on-machine measurement system.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the preset numerical control program of the computing unit is a preset macro program.
In one embodiment of the invention, the pushing mechanism of the adjustment unit is a spindle.
In an embodiment of the invention, the adjusting unit completes the adjustment at a time, so that the second accuracy deviation is controlled within the required accuracy range.
In one embodiment of the present invention, if the required accuracy is not reached, the adjusting unit performs fine adjustment of the repositioning error correction until the required accuracy is reached.
In an embodiment of the invention, the calculating unit calculates the offset of the first part center reference by using a preset numerical control program, and calculates the offset in three directions of the circumference of the part. More specifically, the offset is calculated in three equally divided directions of the circumference of the part. Preferably, the offset is calculated in three directions, 0 °/120 °/240 ° for the circumference of the part.
In an embodiment of the present invention, in the adjusting unit, the pushing mechanism of the lathe is a main shaft of the lathe, and the eccentric fine adjustment is performed on an adjustable three-jaw chuck arranged on the lathe, so that the positioning deviation is subjected to the required correction fine adjustment.
One eccentric wheel fine adjustment mode is to screw a screw to perform eccentric wheel fine adjustment. More specifically, the top end of the screw pushes against the eccentric wheel to displace, the central line deviates, the step is completed, the program executes the next step, a measuring head of the machine tool is called to confirm the reference of the workpiece, if the reference is qualified, the part is pneumatically pressed, the program automatically starts to process, and if the reference is not qualified, fine adjustment is continued, and the adjustment is completed in one step in principle.
The numerical control system of the invention can be implemented by a macroprogram. And the macro program assigns values to the measured parts and the results of the probe measurement respectively, compares theoretical values with measured values, judges logically, runs a subprogram if the jitter is large, and finely adjusts the center of the three-jaw chuck until the requirements are met.
Automatic alignment method for lathe
The invention provides an automatic lathe alignment method, which is suitable for high-precision machining of rotary parts and adopts the automatic lathe alignment system,
positioning the rotary part on a master disc of the lathe through the zero point positioning system, and controlling the first precision deviation of the rotary part relative to the central line of the rotary body of the rotary part to be 0.015-0.03 mm;
the measurement unit measures the first accuracy deviation,
the calculating unit calculates the offset of the rotary part in three directions of the circumference according to the measured first precision deviation value and a preset numerical control program,
and the adjusting unit drives a pushing mechanism of the lathe to correct and finely adjust the positioning deviation of a three-jaw chuck arranged on the lathe through the numerical control program according to the calculated offset of the rotary part in three directions of the circumference, so that the second precision deviation of the rotary part relative to the central line of the rotary body is controlled within 0.01 mm.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the second accuracy deviation is controlled to be not higher than 0.004 mm.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the second accuracy deviation is controlled to be not higher than 0.001 mm.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, firstly, the manual clamping precision of a part in a preparation area of a production line is 0.01mm, the precision of a zero positioning system is 0.015-0.03mm, so that the error of a measuring pin on a machine tool during measurement is larger than 0.025mm, but most of rotating parts such as a bearing or a rotor blade disc of an actual aviation part are required to be within 0.01mm, so that after the measurement fine adjustment of the machine tool, the precision can reach 0.001mm, and the error of the machine tool is 0.003mm to the maximum, so that the theoretical alignment precision is within 0.004mm, and the stroke of the machine tool cannot be fully used, so that the actual maximum error cannot exceed 0.004mm, and the highest requirement of the aviation part is met.
Based on the present application, one skilled in the art should appreciate that one aspect described herein may be implemented independently of any other aspects and that two or more of these aspects may be combined in various ways. For example, an apparatus may be implemented and/or a method practiced using any number and aspects set forth herein. Additionally, such an apparatus may be implemented and/or such a method may be practiced using other structure and/or functionality in addition to one or more of the aspects set forth herein.
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following description will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some examples of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings and embodiments can be derived from them without inventive effort.
It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present application, and the drawings only show the components related to the present application rather than the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation, and the type, amount and ratio of the components in actual implementation may be changed arbitrarily, and the layout of the components may be more complicated.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, first, the part is mounted offline, and roughly positioned, as shown by an offline mounting table 6; the machine spindle 1 will be mounted on an adjustable chuck 3 (a three-jaw chuck).
Then, the part 4 and the tool can be automatically clamped on a machine tool through an automatic production line, the positioning can be carried out by using a zero positioning system, and the positioning and mounting accuracy is 0.02mm to the maximum.
After the installation is finished, the digital dial indicator 5 can be used for striking the dial again to check whether the positioning reference of the part 4 has larger dislocation, and if the positioning reference meets the process requirement, the part is machined, and if the positioning reference does not meet the process requirement, such as the jump of 0.02mm, but the requirement is 0.005mm, the automatic adjustment of the invention is carried out at this time. The digital display dial indicator 5 transmits the jumping range to a controller of the machine tool through signals, and at the moment, a macro program is used for calculation, and the maximum place and the minimum place are calculated to obtain a numerical value to be adjusted. And the calculating unit calculates the offset of the first part center reference through a preset numerical control program, and calculates the offset in three directions of 0 DEG/120 DEG/240 DEG of the circumference of the part.
The controller will drive the spindle 1 according to the value to be adjusted, by means of the allen wrench 2 to turn the screw 7 (see fig. 2) which screw 7 is an adjustable allen screw. Therefore, the reference of the part can be automatically adjusted, and the part can be aligned without human intervention.
The lathe of the invention carries out correction and precision control according to the following modes:
the correction method comprises the following steps: the part 4 and the tool are manually clamped on line (a preparation area of a production line), the part is transported and clamped on a machine tool through a robot and is positioned on a mother disc of the machine tool through a zero positioning system, so that the machine tool can start a numerical control program, the position of the part is confirmed before processing, the start of the numerical control program is measurement, the position deviation amount of the part is measured, a macro program in the numerical control program is calculated, the offset amount is calculated in three directions of 0 DEG/120 DEG/240 DEG of the circumference of the part, then the numerical control program drives a main shaft to carry out fine adjustment on a three-jaw chuck, the fine adjustment mode is that a screw 7 is screwed, the top end of the screw 7 pushes against the eccentric wheel to displace, the central line is offset, the step is completed, the program can execute the next step, a measuring head of the machine tool is called to confirm the reference of the workpiece, and if the workpiece is qualified, the processing is started, if the fine adjustment is not qualified, the fine adjustment is continued, and the fine adjustment is completed in one step in principle.
The precision control method comprises the following steps: firstly, the manual clamping precision of a part 4 in a preparation area of a production line is 0.01mm, the precision of a zero positioning system is 0.015-0.03mm, so that the error during measurement of a measuring pin on a machine tool is larger than 0.025mm, but most of rotating parts such as a bearing or a rotor blade disc of an actual aviation part are required to be within 0.01mm, so that the precision can reach 0.001mm after measurement fine adjustment of the machine tool, the measuring head based on an analog quantity principle is adopted in the scheme, the positioning error of the machine tool cannot be brought into measurement, the final precision is 0.001mm of the measuring head, the actual precision can be actually relaxed to 0.004mm, the condition of multiple adjustment is avoided, and the highest requirement of aviation parts is met.
The macro procedure of the present invention can be constructed in a conventional manner, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that the macro procedure is not limited in form, and can be implemented by calculating the offset in three directions of 0 °/120 °/240 ° of the circumference of the part. An exemplary macro procedure is shown below,
#1 = 100.10
#2 = [51006+20]
IF [#2 EQ #1 ]
IF [#2 GT #1]
M98 P111
IF [ #2 LT #1]
M98 P222
-----------
ENDIF
ENDIF
ENDIF
%P111
G92 X0Y0Z0
G01 Z300 F3000
G01 X[#2-#1] F100
G04 F2000
G01 X[#2+100]
M99
in the macro procedure:
the value of #1 is assigned 100.10, representing the radius, and the value of #2 represents the result of the probe measurement.
And comparing the theoretical value with the measured value, logically judging, if the jitter is large, running a subprogram, finely adjusting the center of the three-jaw chuck until the requirement is met, wherein P111 is the subprogram, and adjusting the center of the three-jaw chuck.
It should be noted that the above embodiments can be freely combined as necessary. The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An automatic alignment mechanism of a lathe is characterized by being suitable for high-precision machining of rotary parts and comprising a first alignment system and a second alignment system,
the first alignment system is a zero point positioning system, the rotary part is positioned on a master disc of the lathe through the zero point positioning system, and the first precision deviation of the rotary part relative to the central line of the rotary body is controlled to be 0.015-0.03 mm;
the second alignment system comprises a numerical control positioning system, the numerical control positioning system comprises a measuring unit, a calculating unit and an adjusting unit,
the measurement unit is arranged to measure the first accuracy deviation,
the calculating unit is arranged to calculate the offset of the rotary part in three directions of the circumference by a preset numerical control program according to the measured first precision deviation value,
the adjusting unit is arranged to drive a pushing mechanism of the lathe to correct and finely adjust the positioning deviation of a three-jaw chuck arranged on the lathe through the numerical control program according to the calculated offset of the rotary part in three directions of the circumference, so that the second precision deviation of the rotary part relative to the center line of the rotary body of the rotary part is controlled within 0.01 mm.
2. The automatic lathe alignment mechanism of claim 1, wherein the second accuracy deviation of the center line of the body of revolution of the revolving-type part is controlled to be within 0.004 mm.
3. The automatic lathe alignment mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rotating-type part is an aerospace rotating-type part, and the second accuracy deviation of the center line of the body of revolution of the rotating-type part is controlled to be within 0.001 mm.
4. The automatic lathe alignment mechanism of claim 1, wherein the adjustment unit performs the adjustment at a time such that the second accuracy deviation is controlled within a desired accuracy range.
5. The automatic lathe alignment mechanism according to claim 4, wherein if said required accuracy is not achieved, said adjusting unit performs fine adjustment of the repositioning error correction until said required accuracy is achieved.
6. The aligning apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the calculating unit calculates the offset amount of the first part center reference by using three directions of 0 °/120 °/240 ° of the circumference of the part in calculating the offset amount by a preset numerical control program.
7. The aligning mechanism of claim 1, wherein in the adjusting unit, the pushing mechanism of the lathe is a main shaft of the lathe, and the fine adjustment of the positioning deviation is achieved by performing eccentric fine adjustment on an adjustable three-jaw chuck provided on the lathe.
8. A method for automatically aligning a lathe, which is suitable for high-precision machining of rotary parts, and which adopts the automatic alignment system for lathe as claimed in any one of claims 1-7,
positioning the rotary part on a master disc of the lathe through the zero point positioning system, and controlling the first precision deviation of the rotary part relative to the central line of the rotary body of the rotary part to be 0.015-0.03 mm;
the measurement unit measures the first accuracy deviation,
the calculating unit calculates the offset of the rotary part in three directions of the circumference according to the measured first precision deviation value and a preset numerical control program,
and the adjusting unit drives a pushing mechanism of the lathe to correct and finely adjust the positioning deviation of a three-jaw chuck arranged on the lathe through the numerical control program according to the calculated offset of the rotary part in three directions of the circumference, so that the second precision deviation of the rotary part relative to the central line of the rotary body is controlled within 0.01 mm.
9. The automatic alignment method according to claim 1, wherein the second accuracy deviation is controlled to not higher than 0.004 mm.
10. The automatic alignment method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second accuracy deviation is controlled to be not higher than 0.001 mm.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115816188A (en) * | 2022-11-15 | 2023-03-21 | 重庆大学 | Co-reference eccentric hole rapid positioning system and control method thereof |
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| CN114888594A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-08-12 | 上海交大智邦科技有限公司 | Auxiliary intelligent alignment platform and method for thin-wall rotating member |
| CN114888594B (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2023-10-24 | 上海交大智邦科技有限公司 | Auxiliary intelligent alignment platform and method for thin-wall rotary part |
| CN115816188A (en) * | 2022-11-15 | 2023-03-21 | 重庆大学 | Co-reference eccentric hole rapid positioning system and control method thereof |
| CN115816188B (en) * | 2022-11-15 | 2024-03-29 | 重庆大学 | Co-reference eccentric hole rapid positioning system and control method thereof |
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