CN103777570B - Mismachining tolerance quick detection compensation method based on nurbs surface - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of mismachining tolerance quick detection compensation method based on nurbs surface, including：1）The nurbs surface of design is analyzed, chooses series of features point as sequence P to be measured；2）According to the nurbs surface machine tooling curved surface of design, the tested point then treated in sequencing row P measures, and obtains surveying sequence Q '；3）Calculate actual measurement sequence Q ' deviation and sequence P to be measured between, if deviation is less than or equal to machining accuracy, do not need to adjust；If there being deviation to be more than machining accuracy, sequencing row P being treated according to deviation and is adjusted, being compensated sequence W；4）According to compensating sequence W, control point C is adjusted, is compensated curved surface, according to compensating Machining of Curved Surface, obtain the less processing curve of nurbs surface error with design.The inventive method can improve on-machine measurement method and compensate processing to the detection efficiency of Free-Form Surface Machining precision and to free form surface.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to machine tooling field is and in particular to a kind of mismachining tolerance quick detection based on nurbs surface is mended
Compensation method.
Background technology
With the development of the industries such as aviation, automobile and mould, application in Element Design for the free form surface is more and more extensive,
The processing of free form surface there has also been higher requirement to precision and efficiency.In order to improve the machining accuracy of free form surface, typically need
Mismachining tolerance is measured, assess and to compensate, the non-rotational symmetric of free form surface, in irregular shape, construction irregular
Feature makes to become extremely complex to the measurement of free form surface.Rapidly the mismachining tolerance of free form surface is carried out accurate measurement and
Assessment has highly important meaning for the free form surface of machining high-precision.
The measurement of free form surface can be divided mainly into off-line measurement and on-machine measurement two ways.Based on three coordinate measuring machine
Offline inspection technology can be used to measure the accuracy detection of free form surface, but this measurement needs workpiece to be carried out carry, again
New clamping and positioning, this process can bring certain reorientation error, the precision of impact measurement.On-machine measurement technology be then
Directly the part after digital control processing is measured in CNC milling machine, the reorientation error that this avoids in off-line measurement method is asked
Topic.On-machine measurement has contact type measurement and two kinds of non-contact measurement, has had multiple measuring principles can realize to song at present
On face, the position of any measures.
By the assessment to surface machining accuracy can be realized to the measurement of series of points on curved surface, obtain processing curve
Error is distributed, so that it is determined that the strategy of error compensation.At present the measurement scheme of Free-Form Surface Machining error is mainly had following
Several：1st, tested curved surface is carried out detect path planning, then the point on measurement curved surface one by one, and by testing result and part
Preferable CAD model is analyzed, and finds the deviation of each measuring point, thus obtaining the mismachining tolerance of curved surface, it represents patent
For " online test method of the surface machining accuracy of complex parts " CN201210266355.6；2nd, designed according to machining path and survey
Amount path, the point on point-to-point measurement curved surface, the face shape error data of Real-time Collection measuring point, realize the face shape of whole surface of the work by mistake
The acquisition of difference data, it represents patent is " the free form surface in-situ measuring method based on machining tool "
CN201010530776.6；3rd, measure curved surface features section molded line, obtain each characteristic cross-section of curved surface measurement molded line point with
The error of its corresponding true molded line point, for detecting the precision of curved surface, it represents patent is a kind of " inspection of complex-curved blade
Survey method " CN201310021045.2.
Method 1 passes through the point on big measurement curved surface, is then compared with preferable CAD model and can obtain adding of curved surface
Work error, but because the points of measurement are a lot, the measurement efficiency of whole curved surface can be than relatively low.Method 2 is similar with method 1, only
It is to directly obtain in each measurement is face shape error data, it is to avoid the later data of magnanimity measurement data is processed and error
Analysis, certain measurement efficiency can be improved, but the drawbacks of still there is method 1, substantial amounts of measurement point make measure effect
Rate is not high.Method 3 have selected the feature molded line to curved surface and measures, and the measure dot number that this method requires is few, but this
Whether requirement can only be reached it is impossible to measure the concrete mismachining tolerance of curved surface by testing accuracy.
Nurbs surface can accurately represent complicated free form surface, and the shape of curved surface is by control point, weight factor and node
Vector determines, former curved surface can be adjusted by concept transfer vector, control point and weight factor.
Content of the invention
Compensate to the detection efficiency of Free-Form Surface Machining precision and to free form surface to improve on-machine measurement method
Processing, the invention provides a kind of mismachining tolerance quick detection compensation method based on nurbs surface.
A kind of mismachining tolerance quick detection compensation method based on nurbs surface, comprises the following steps：
1) the knot vector UV and control point C information of the nurbs surface of design is analyzed, bent in the NURBS of design
Series of features point is chosen on face as sequence P to be measured；
2) the knot vector UV and control point C machine tooling curved surface of the nurbs surface according to design, then uses measurement head
The tested point treated in sequencing row P measures, and obtains surveying sequence Q '；
3) calculate actual measurement sequence Q ' deviation and sequence P to be measured between, if deviation is less than or equal to machining accuracy, do not need
Adjustment；
If there being deviation to be more than machining accuracy, sequencing row P being treated according to deviation and is adjusted, being compensated sequence W；
4) according to compensate sequence W control point C is adjusted, be compensated curved surface, according to compensate Machining of Curved Surface, obtain with
The less processing curve of nurbs surface error of design.
Step 1) in, preferably, described sequence P to be measured is included on knot vector UV curved surface corresponding at node
Basic feature point on point and curved surface, described basic feature point is curved surface extreme point and maximum curvature smallest point.Above-mentioned point
Control to nurbs surface is larger, and that is, the impact to nurbs surface is larger, from above-mentioned point as sequence P to be measured, finally leads to
Cross and adjust sequence P to be measured and be compensated sequence W, more accurately compensation curved surface can be compensated, finally obtain error more
Little processing curve.
Step 2) in, treat the tested point in sequencing row P with measurement head and measure, including：Unload process tool, will connect
Touch measurement head is arranged on machine tool chief axis, and during measurement, X-axis is consistent with tested point in sequence P to be measured with Y-axis coordinate, obtains Z axis
Coordinate figure, Z axis coordinate figure needs to eliminate deviation x,Wherein R is to survey ball half in contact type measurement head
Footpath, θ is measuring point principal direction slope, and that is, θ is curved surface tangent line and the horizontal direction surveyed in contact type measurement head at ball and surface intersection
Angulation.
Step 3) in, calculate actual measurement sequence Q ' deviation and sequence P to be measured between, sequencing row P is treated according to deviation and carries out
Adjustment, is compensated sequence W, specifically includes：Calculate actual measurement sequence Q ' in eyeball tested point corresponding with sequence P to be measured
Error between Z axis coordinate, deducts this error in sequence P to be measured and is compensated sequence W.
Step 4) in, according to compensating sequence W, control point C is adjusted, is compensated curved surface, specifically includes：Set and add
Work precision eps, calculates biased sequence D' according to compensating sequence W with sequence P to be measured, if each Error Absolute Value in biased sequence D'
It is respectively less than and is equal to eps, then curved surface is not required to adjust；If at least one error d' absolute value is more than eps, curved surface in biased sequence D'
Need to adjust；Then corresponding with d' in biased sequence D' control point C on curved surface is adjusted, the corresponding control point C of d' adjusts
Whole amount passes through-Calculate, whereinwi,jIt is the weight factor being associated with control point C, Ni,k(u) and Nj,l(v) point
Not Wei u to k time and v to the specification B-spline base of l time, εi,jFor d' corresponding control point C adjustment vector, q be curved surface on
The three-dimensional coordinate of the corresponding tested point of d', q is the three-dimensional coordinate of corresponding with d' eyeball on curved surface.Control point C passes through
After adjustment, remeasured according to the new measurement sequence of curved surface and biased sequence, calculate deviation again, then adjust again, until
Curved surface adjustment completes.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that：
Can be rapidly to free song using the mismachining tolerance quick detection compensation method based on nurbs surface for the present invention
Face machining accuracy carries out measurement, assessment and the compensation in machine, and maximum feature is can be by the survey to characteristic point on curved surface
Amount is quickly obtained compensation curved surface, completes detection, assessment and compensation to Free-Form Surface Machining precision.Efficient measurement is significantly
Improve the suitability in reality processing for the on-machine measurement.Method proposed by the present invention is not limited only to contact measuring head, for big
The on-machine measurement equipment of most other forms is equally applicable, has broad application prospects.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the step schematic diagram based on the mismachining tolerance quick detection compensation method of nurbs surface for the present invention；
Fig. 2 is a nurbs surface and its structural representation of the tested point selected after curved surface is analyzed；
Fig. 3 is the structural representation to measured deviation x that measuring point curvature on mean camber of the present invention causes；
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of design curved surface and processing curve；
Fig. 5 is the mismachining tolerance scattergram between design curved surface and processing curve；
Fig. 6 is design curved surface and the structural representation compensating curved surface.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
The present invention is further illustrated with example below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figure 1, being the mismachining tolerance quick detection compensation method based on nurbs surface for the present invention, walk including following
Suddenly：
1) the knot vector UV and control point C information of the nurbs surface of design is analyzed, bent in the NURBS of design
Series of features point is chosen on face as sequence P to be measured；
Sequence P to be measured includes the basic feature point on point and curved surface on knot vector UV curved surface corresponding at node,
Basic feature point is curved surface extreme point and maximum curvature smallest point；
2) the knot vector UV and control point C area of computer aided lathe processing curve of the nurbs surface according to design, so
Treat the tested point in sequencing row P with measurement head afterwards to measure, obtain surveying sequence Q '；
Treat the tested point in sequencing row P with measurement head to measure, including：Unload process tool, by contact type measurement
Head is arranged on machine tool chief axis, and during measurement, X-axis is consistent with tested point in sequence P to be measured with Y-axis coordinate, obtains Z axis coordinate figure, Z
Axial coordinate value needs to eliminate deviation x,Wherein R is to survey the radius of a ball in contact type measurement head, and θ is measuring point
Principal direction slope, that is, θ is for surveying curved surface tangent line and the horizontal direction institute of ball 2 and actual contact point 4 intersection in contact type measurement head
The angle becoming；
3) calculate actual measurement sequence Q ' in eyeball tested point corresponding with sequence P to be measured Z axis coordinate between error,
Sequence P to be measured deducts this error and is compensated sequence W, if deviation is less than or equal to machining accuracy, does not need to adjust；
If there being deviation to be more than machining accuracy, sequencing row P being treated according to deviation and is adjusted, being compensated sequence W；
4) according to compensate sequence W control point C is adjusted, be compensated curved surface, according to compensate Machining of Curved Surface, obtain with
The less processing curve of nurbs surface error of design；
According to compensating sequence W, control point C is adjusted, is compensated curved surface, specifically includes：Set machining accuracy eps,
Calculate biased sequence D' according to compensating sequence W with sequence P to be measured, if each Error Absolute Value is respectively less than equal in biased sequence D'
Eps, then curved surface be not required to adjust；If at least one error d' absolute value is more than eps in biased sequence D', curved surface needs to adjust；Then
The control point C of corresponding with d' tested point p on curved surface is adjusted, the amount of control point C adjustment is passed throughCalculate, whereinwi,jIt is and control
The weight factor that point C is associated, Ni,k(u) and Nj,lV () is respectively the specification B-spline base that u is to k time and v to l time, εi,jFor control point
The vector of C adjustment, q is the three-dimensional coordinate of corresponding with d' tested point on curved surface, and q is corresponding with d' eyeball on curved surface
Three-dimensional coordinate.
As shown in Fig. 2 for one 3 × 3 times, size is 100mm × 100mm, the control point C nurbs surface of totally 49, its
Knot vector u={ 0,0,0,0,0.2674,0.5,0.7401,1,1,1,1 }, v=0,0,0,0,0.2753,0.5,0.7536,
1,1,1,1 }, control point C={ (0,0,20), (0,17,20) ..., (100,100,20) }.Require machining accuracy be
0.02mm.
121 points on curved surface are selected sequence P to be measured, P=(2.0084,3.5678,20.0063), (1.9917,
15.3949,20.0812) ..., (95.4523,97.3105,18.0836) }, its corresponding uv parameter is as follows：U=v=
{0.02,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6,0.7,0.8,0.9,0.98}.
The knot vector UV and control point C area of computer aided lathe processing curve of the nurbs surface according to design, lathe
Processing curve, after the completion of Free-Form Surface Machining, unloads process tool, and contact type measurement head (RenishawRMP600) is installed
On machine tool chief axis, as shown in figure 3, contact type measurement head includes surveying ball 2 and connects the chaining pin 1 surveying ball 2, activation contact is surveyed
Amount head, first demarcates to chaining pin 1 length and survey ball 2 radius, then treating sequencing row P and measuring, obtaining surveying sequence Q, Q
=(2.0084,3.5678,20.0227), (1.9917,15.3949,20.0947) ..., (95.4523,97.3105,
18.6855) }, the measured data in actual measurement sequence Q is processed, eliminate the measured deviation causing due to measuring point curved surface 3 curvature
X, obtains revised actual measurement sequence Q ', deviation is passed throughCalculate, wherein R is to survey in contact type measurement head
The radius of ball 2, θ is measuring point principal direction slope, and the curved surface surveying ball 2 in contact type measurement head with actual contact point 4 intersection is cut
Line and horizontal direction angulation 6.5 is the theoretical position of tested point, and Z axis coordinate figure needs to deduct deviation x, that is,
Q'=(2.0084,3.5678,20.0226), (1.9917,15.3949,20.0914) ..., (95.4523,
97.3105,18.1205)}.
As shown in figure 4, for designing curved surface 7, the control point 8 of design curved surface, processing curve 9 and processing curve control point 10
Structural representation.
Remember h (h=1,2,3 ...) secondary tested point is adjusted operate after control point C be Ch={ ch1,ch2,…,
chM, M is the quantity at control point, and in the present embodiment, M is 49, corresponding measurement sequence P on the curved surface obtainingh={ ph1,ph2,…,
phN, N is the number in sequence P to be measured, and in the present embodiment, N is 121, biased sequence D at measuring pointh={ dh1,dh2,…,dhN}、
D'h={ d'h1,d'h2,…,d'hNIn maximum be dkmax、d'kmax.
Surface information, sequence P to be measured and actual measurement sequence Q will be designed ' input to computer, set machining accuracy eps=
0.003mm, program according to actual measurement sequence Q ' and sequence P to be measured calculate biased sequence D, its mismachining tolerance be distributed as shown in figure 5,
From figure 5 it can be seen that curved portion region machining accuracy undesirable 0.003mm machining accuracy, need to carry out error
Compensate.D={ d1,d2,…,d121}={ 0.0163,0.0102 ..., 0.0369 }, dmax=d121=0.0369 ＞ eps, compares D
Middle every size with machining accuracy eps, in such as D, every being respectively less than is equal to machining accuracy eps, then the design being input to lathe is bent
Surface information need not adjust, you can reaches desired machining accuracy.When a certain item d in items in D is more than eps, i.e. above-mentioned feelings
Condition, dmax=d121=0.0369 ＞ eps=0.003, then need first on curved surface with d121In corresponding sequence P to be measured relatively
The tested point p answering121Control point C be adjusted.
Calculate actual measurement sequence Q ' in eyeball tested point corresponding with sequence P to be measured Z axis coordinate between error, obtain
Biased sequence D', D'={ 0.0162,0.0102 ..., 0.0369 }, deduct this error in sequence P to be measured and are compensated sequence W,
Compensate sequence W as follows：
W=(2.0084,3.5678,19.990), (1.9917,15.3949,20.071) ..., (95.4523,
97.3105,18.0467)}.
Surface information, sequence P to be measured and actual measurement sequence W will be designed input to computer, and set machining accuracy and remain as
Eps'=0.003mm, calculates biased sequence D' according to compensating sequence W and sequence P to be measured, D'=0.0162,0.0102 ...,
0.0369 }, d'max=d'121=0.0369 ＞ eps', compares every in D' and machining accuracy eps ' size, when item a certain in D'
When d' is more than eps ', then the control point C of tested point p corresponding with d' on curved surface is adjusted, the amount of control point C adjustment is passed throughCalculate, whereinwi,jIt is and control
The weight factor that point is associated, Ni,k(u) and Nj,lV () is respectively the specification B-spline base that u is to k time and v to l time, εi,jFor this control
The vector of point C adjustment, q is the three-dimensional coordinate of this tested point, and q is the three-dimensional coordinate of the corresponding actual measuring point of this tested point.
Calculate measurement sequence P' on curved surfacehWith biased sequence D'hIf, d'kmaxLess than eps ', then curved surface adjustment completes,
The curved surface obtaining as compensates curved surface.Due to d'max=d'121=0.0369 ＞ eps', therefore, first will on curved surface with d'121Phase
Corresponding tested point p121Control point C be adjusted, this control point C adjustment amount pass throughCalculate, whereinwi,jIt is and control
The weight factor that system point is associated, Ni,k(u) and Nj,lV () is respectively the specification B-spline base that u is to k time and v to l time, εi,jFor this control
The vector of system point C adjustment, q is this tested point p121Three-dimensional coordinate, q be this tested point p121Corresponding actual measuring point q121Three
Dimension coordinate.Each adjustment measurement sequence and biased sequence are as follows：
1st time：
C'1=(0,0,19.9867), (0,17,19.9907) ..., (100,100,19.9306) }；
P'1=(2.0084,3.5678,20.0028), (1.9917,15.3949,20.0727) ..., (95.4523,
97.3105,18.0637)}；
D'1={ 0.0127,0.0053 ..., 0.0176 }, d'1max=d'1,71=0.0231 ＞ eps'；
2nd time：
C'2=(0,0,19.9822), (0,17,19.9903) ..., (100,100,19.9069) }；
P'2=(2.0084,3.5678,19.9992), (1.9917,15.3949,20.0731) ..., (95.4523,
97.3105,18.0568)}；
D'2={ 0.0093,0.0054 ..., 0.0101 }, d'2max=d'2,46=0.0171 ＞ eps'；
…………
…………
…………
15th time：
C'15=(0,0,19.9763), (0,17,19.9874) ..., (100,100,19.9355) }；
P'15=(2.0084,3.5678,19.9927), (1.9917,15.3949,20.0744) ..., (95.4523,
97.3105,18.0496)}；
D'15={ 0.0026,0.0034 ..., 0.0029 }, d'15max=d'15,15=0.0074 ＞ eps'；
16th time：
C'16=(0,0,19.9759), (0,17,19.9857) ..., (100,100,19.9338) }；
P'16=(2.0084,3.5678,19.9925), (1.9917,15.3949,20.0735) ..., (95.4523,
97.3105,18.0482)}；
D'16={ 0.0024,0.0025 ..., 0.0015 }, d'16max=d'16,11=0.0027 ＜ eps'；
It is compensated curved surface 11, as shown in fig. 6, for design curved surface 12 and compensating curved surface 11, wherein, designing curved surface 7 and setting
Meter curved surface 12 is same curved surface, is the curved surface just starting to design, and compensates processing according to compensating curved surface 11 to workpiece, obtains
Processing curve and design curved surface 12 between mismachining tolerance be less than or equal to machining accuracy eps=0.003mm, meet processing will
Ask, improve the machining accuracy of design curved surface.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of mismachining tolerance quick detection compensation method based on nurbs surface is it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1) the knot vector UV and control point C information of the nurbs surface of design is analyzed, on the nurbs surface of design
Choose series of features point as sequence P to be measured；
2) the knot vector UV and control point C machine tooling curved surface of the nurbs surface according to design, is then treated with measurement head
Tested point in sequencing row P measures, and obtains surveying sequence Q '；
3) calculate actual measurement sequence Q ' deviation and sequence P to be measured between, if deviation is less than or equal to machining accuracy, do not need to adjust
Whole；
If there being deviation to be more than machining accuracy, sequencing row P being treated according to deviation and is adjusted, being compensated sequence W；
4) according to compensation sequence W, control point C is adjusted, is compensated curved surface, according to compensating Machining of Curved Surface, obtain and design
The less processing curve of nurbs surface error；
According to compensating sequence W, control point C is adjusted, is compensated curved surface, specifically includes：Set machining accuracy eps, according to
Compensate sequence W and calculate biased sequence D' with sequence P to be measured, if each Error Absolute Value is respectively less than equal to eps in biased sequence D',
Then curved surface is not required to adjust；If at least one error d' absolute value is more than eps in biased sequence D', curved surface needs to adjust；Then to song
On face, the control point C corresponding with d' in biased sequence D' is adjusted, and the amount of the corresponding control point C adjustment of d' is passed throughCalculate, whereinwi,jIt is and control
The weight factor that point C is associated, Ni,k(u) and Nj,lV () is respectively the specification B-spline base that u is to k time and v to l time, εi,jFor d' relatively
The vector of the control point C adjustment answered, p is the three-dimensional coordinate of corresponding with d' tested point on curved surface, and q is relative with d' on curved surface
The three-dimensional coordinate of the eyeball answered.
2. the mismachining tolerance quick detection compensation method based on nurbs surface according to claim 1 it is characterised in that
Step 1) in, described sequence P to be measured includes basic on point and curved surface on knot vector UV curved surface corresponding at node
Characteristic point.
3. the mismachining tolerance quick detection compensation method based on nurbs surface according to claim 2 it is characterised in that
Described basic feature point is curved surface extreme point and maximum curvature smallest point.
4. the mismachining tolerance quick detection compensation method based on nurbs surface according to claim 1 it is characterised in that
Step 2) in, treat the tested point in sequencing row P with measurement head and measure, including：Unload process tool, by contact type measurement
Head is arranged on machine tool chief axis, and during measurement, X-axis is consistent with tested point in sequence P to be measured with Y-axis coordinate, obtains Z axis coordinate figure, Z
Axial coordinate value needs to eliminate deviation x,Wherein R is to survey the radius of a ball in contact type measurement head, and θ is measuring point
Principal direction slope.
5. the mismachining tolerance quick detection compensation method based on nurbs surface according to claim 4 it is characterised in that
Described θ is curved surface tangent line and the horizontal direction angulation surveyed in contact type measurement head at ball and surface intersection.
6. the mismachining tolerance quick detection compensation method based on nurbs surface according to claim 1 it is characterised in that
Step 3) in, calculate actual measurement sequence Q ' deviation and sequence P to be measured between, sequencing row P is treated according to deviation and is adjusted, obtaining
Compensate sequence W, specifically include：Calculate actual measurement sequence Q ' in eyeball tested point corresponding with sequence P to be measured Z axis coordinate it
Between error, deduct this error in sequence P to be measured and be compensated sequence W.
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