CN102501136B - On-machine detection measuring head and detection system for numerical control machine tool - Google Patents
On-machine detection measuring head and detection system for numerical control machine tool Download PDFInfo
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- CN102501136B CN102501136B CN 201110303424 CN201110303424A CN102501136B CN 102501136 B CN102501136 B CN 102501136B CN 201110303424 CN201110303424 CN 201110303424 CN 201110303424 A CN201110303424 A CN 201110303424A CN 102501136 B CN102501136 B CN 102501136B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an on-machine detection measuring head for a numerical control machine tool. The on-machine detection measuring head comprises a measuring bar and a guide mechanism for guiding the measuring bar to make the vertical linear motion. The top of the measuring bar is provided with an elastic reset mechanism. The on-machine detection measuring head is characterized in that a linear displacement sensor is arranged at the position close to the measuring bar. The invention also discloses a detection system applying the measuring head, and the detection system comprises the measuring head, a signal acquisition circuit and a control center which are sequentially electrically connected. A numerical control system executes a measuring program to control a servo system of the machine tool to drive the measuring head to carry out measurement; coordinates of a point which is measured each time are timely transmitted back to the detection system; after the model detection is completed, the detection system carries out error compensation on measurement data; a spatial position and shape information of a measured workpiece can be calculated by carrying out corresponding operation on the corrected data; and the positioning and processing correction of the workpiece are guided by utilizing an obtained result. Auxiliary processing time can be greatly saved and the rejection rate of the workpiece is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to advanced the measurement and the detection technique field, be specifically related to a kind of for gauge head and the detection system of Digit Control Machine Tool at machine testing.
Background technology
Along with the development of industrial automation, free form surface class workpiece is in an increasingly wide range of applications at industrial circles such as aviation, automobiles, and it also improves day by day to the machining accuracy of Digit Control Machine Tool and the requirement of quality testing precision.
The testing tool that uses in industrial process at present mostly is three coordinate measuring machine, involve great expense, complicated operation, and this traditional hand dipping and off-line measurement are owing to existing length consuming time, need the problem such as secondary location, processing and detection effectively can't be combined, can not satisfy growing detection demand.
Can well address the above problem in the machine testing system.So-called refer to the automatic location that integrated gauge head and dedicated software modules are realized workpiece on Digit Control Machine Tool in the machine testing system, the functions such as quality evaluation in the machine system.This system can save greatly and process non-cutting time, reduces the scrappage of workpiece, produces significant to enterprise.
At present at home, a lot of colleges and universities and some R﹠D institutions are being engaged in the research of related fields.Professor He Gaiyun of University Of Tianjin applies for a patent name and is called: " a kind of complex space type surface is at machine quality detecting system ", its number of patent application are CN101342664.The Ma Zi of the Maritime Affairs University Of Dalian etc. applies for a patent name and is called: " numerical control machining center is in machine three-dimensional profile detection system ", its number of patent application are 101968344A.The patent name of the Yang Guang of Hebei University of Science and Technology invention is: " a kind of intensive input integrated package for the numerical control on-machine measurement ", its number of patent application is CN101758425A.
Above-mentioned inventive principle is quite similar, all is by install gauge head additional at Digit Control Machine Tool workpiece to be carried out on-position measure.Obtain its measurement data by digital control system, then by some softwares and Algorithm Analysis measurement result, provide the processing instruction.
The lathe gauge head is whole key components in the machine testing system, and its precision affects the precision of whole measuring system to a great extent.In the world, take the Renishaw company of Britain as representative, the said firm put on display first item lathe gauge head in 1977 at Hanover's EMO, had produced far-reaching influence.The said firm applies for a patent name in China and is called " contact-sensing probe ", and its Chinese number of patent application is: CN86105617.Mitutoyo Mfg. Co., Ltd. of Amada Co., Ltd. has also applied for patent in China, and name is called: " contacting signal probe ", its Chinese number of patent application is: CN85107033.Other metering companies also have Related product to come out, such as the MIDA series gauge head of Italian Marposs company.Germany m﹠amp; H company, the relevant enterprises such as blum company also have like product to come out.At home, the dynamo-electric Co., Ltd of the Harbin pioneer patent that has been the said firm's gauge head application, patent name is: " triggering type three-dimensional measuring head ", its application number are 201020044796.8.
For the lathe gauge head, its Main Function is the time of contact of accurately judging chaining pin and workpiece for measurement surface, and the number of notifications controlled machine is in time deposited main shaft coordinate this moment.By the analysis to existing lathe contact measuring head product, its operation principle is as follows: the active circuit that a closure is arranged in gauge head inside, this circuit is connected with a trigger mechanism, as long as trigger mechanism produces trigger action, will cause the circuit state variation and send signal, the duty of indication gauge head; The unique conditional of trigger mechanism generation trigger action is that the chaining pin of gauge head produces small swing or inner mobile to gauge head, when gauge head is connected on the machine tool chief axis and during with main axle moving, as long as the contact on the chaining pin contacts with surface of the work in any direction, make chaining pin produce small swing or movement, will form triggering, its triggering signal is switching signal.
In actual use, this kind touch trigger probe exists certain drawback.
The first, it is not high that it measures efficient.In the machine testing process, send triggering signal when the gauge head top and pass to digital control system, digital control system with its as priority higher interruption process, suppose digital control system scan triggering signal to time of control machine tool chief axis complete stop motion be t, this moment, the axis feeding speed of lathe was v, its movement travel L=v*t.The error that need to compensate when L also is post-processed.For present touch trigger probe, for guaranteeing precision, the safety travel of reserving in the middle of it is often less, and when L reached certain value, gauge head can be damaged.So, in machine testing, use at present touch trigger probe feed speed in measuring process often lower, had a strong impact on measurement efficient.
The second, measure error is difficult to compensation.The pretravel error of contact measuring head is inevitable, displacement when this error is sent triggering signal for touching surface of the work from the survey ball to gauge head, also can be expressed as measuring staff is the summation that overcomes initial tension of spring and gauge head strain that each parts produces, and establishes it and is L
1Because different materials, different structures can cause the non-regularity of this error, so method commonly used is that the experiment of Application standard ball is demarcated it at present.This error can only be reduced but it can't be eliminated.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of Digit Control Machine Tool at the machine examination gauge head, improved measurement efficient and precision.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of Digit Control Machine Tool of using above-mentioned gauge head in the machine testing system, improved measurement efficient and precision.
Digit Control Machine Tool is at the machine testing gauge head, comprises measuring staff and be used for the guiding measuring staff making vertical straight-line guiding mechanism, and the measuring staff top is provided with flexible restoring organ, is provided with linear displacement transducer near the measuring staff place.
Use above-mentioned gauge head in the machine testing system, comprise the gauge head, signal acquisition circuit and the control centre that are electrically connected successively, after gauge head triggers, digital control system latchs the measurement point coordinate according to triggering signal, signal acquisition circuit is done to send control centre to after the Signal Pretreatment to the point coordinates that collects, it is characterized in that, described control centre comprises model explanation module, path planning module, data communication module, error compensation module, data processing module and experts database system module;
Described model explanation module is used for extracting the geometric properties of part model, receives in real time the test point coordinate from the error compensation module;
Described path planning module is used for detecting the path according to the geometric properties planning of part model, and is converted into the lathe trace routine;
Described data communication module is used for sending the lathe trace routine to digital control system, will feed back to the error compensation module from the test point coordinate of digital control system;
Described error compensation module is used for the test point coordinate is carried out error compensation;
Described data processing module obtains the machining state of workpiece for the history detection information of the test point coordinate after the compensation being analyzed or inquiring about the experts database system module;
Described experts database system module is used for log history and detects information.Technique effect of the present invention is embodied in:
The present invention has designed a novel gauge head based on linear displacement transducer control, original trigger mode of having upgraded, by improving metering system and the structure of existing gauge head, so that the lathe gauge head has had significant raising in measurement efficient and certainty of measurement, lay a good foundation at the machine testing system capabilities upgrade for whole.
The invention also discloses the detection system of using above-mentioned gauge head, digital control system is carried out process of measurement, the servo-drive system of control lathe drives gauge head and measures, the coordinate of the point that at every turn records in time transmits back detection system, after the model detection is complete, detection system is carried out error compensation to measurement data, can calculate spatial pose and the shape information of the workpiece of surveying through corresponding computing to revised data, utilize acquired results to instruct the location of workpiece and processing to revise, can save greatly the secondary process time, reduce the workpiece scrappage.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the gauge head sketch based on linear displacement transducer;
Fig. 2 connects sketch in the machine testing system architecture;
Fig. 3 divides figure in the machine testing system software module;
Fig. 4 is in machine testing systems soft ware operational flow diagram.
The specific embodiment
The present invention at first is optimized transformation to original lathe touch trigger probe, uses the multi-sensor fusion technology to solve precision and the efficiency of lathe gauge head in the actual measurement process.In Fig. 1, measuring staff 7 can be done the rectilinear motion of vertical direction under the constraint of guiding mechanism 6, and 4 for installing bearing.5 is linear displacement transducer, and fixedly a slice activity of a slice in installation process determines mounting distance between two according to measuring stroke.Spring 3 is wrapped on the double-screw bolt 2 as automatic reset mechanism.So that gauge head can automatically reply original position in the measuring process.Structure 1 is handle of a knife, is used for being installed in machine tool chief axis.
Install linear displacement transducer additional in lathe gauge head housing, this sensor PMAC direct and lathe links and connects, and triggering signal is associated with variable M in the PMAC card.The measured value of linear displacement transducer is as the value of trimming of measurement result.When the lathe gauge head at a high speed near surface of the work to Contact, linear displacement transducer sends control signal, called after signal 1.PLC scans the value that changes M behind this signal, and as the contact sign, record main shaft coordinate this moment is controlled simultaneously lathe and stopped descending with this.Digital control system scans variable state in the PMAC card, reads and store main shaft coordinate this moment, and the reverse high speed lifting of control main shaft moves to next measuring point and repeats said process.
Adopt linear displacement transducer to replace the flip flop equipment of original gauge head, so that the lathe gauge head can adopt high speed feed in measuring process, greatly improved measurement efficient.Utilize in the PMAC card PLC scanning triggering signal, its scan period at 10ms interiorly can finish sampling, to control, refresh the work such as variable.But for the control of typical cnc system software, from scan triggering signal to the kinetic control system typical case's time that feeds back to lathe more than 100ms.So adopt hardware directly control-mode of the auxiliary control of software is than utilizing being controlled on efficient and the precision of task scheduling management mode of digital control system all more to have superiority fully.
Although can reduce by the scan frequency that improves instrument the pretravel error in the measurement, but can't eliminate fully.This moment, the coordinate figure of linear displacement transducer record can trim final measurement, had effectively eliminated the pretravel error of lathe gauge head.For practical application in industry important value is arranged; Significant for high-precision, efficient on-machine measurement.
Fig. 2 is whole application schematic diagram in the machine testing system.The OMVS system is comprised of Digit Control Machine Tool, servo-drive system and measuring system.Take Digit Control Machine Tool as basic support, provide the measurement motor function by servo-drive system.
Measuring system comprises gauge head, signal acquisition circuit and control centre.Gauge head is the key component in the machine testing system, and directly impact is in the precision of machine testing.Wherein gauge head is crucial measurement component.Control module is the controlling organization of core.When connecting, the signal of lathe gauge head outputs in the PMAC card, and digital control system and PMAC stick into Serial Communication and contact, the measurement campaign of indirectly control lathe.
Fig. 3 is at machine testing System Control Center structural representation.Divide according to function, be subdivided into again model explanation module, measuring point distribution and path planning module, data communication module, error compensation module, data processing module and experts database system module below the control centre.
The cad model that the model explanation module mainly is responsible for different 3D sculpting softwares are generated imports measuring system, and interpretation obtains its geometric properties.Exploitation shows to have basic operating function such as the magnification transformable of model, rotation transformation etc. to threedimensional model based on the geometry engines of ACIS.Can realize the Real Time Monitoring of measuring process, the real-time demonstration of the position of gauge head, theoretical coordinate, measurement coordinate.
Path planning module is for different model geometric features, coordinate system is measured in definition, finish and measure coordinate system and the coordinate unification that designs coordinate system, adopt the Hammersley sequence algorithm on the basis of having extracted geometric properties, adopt self adaptation measuring point Distribution Algorithm based on curvature according to the curvature feature on surface to be measured, be that the large local measuring point distribution number of curvature is many, the local measuring point distribution number that curvature is little is few.Can guarantee like this under the prerequisite of certain precision, farthest to reduce the number of measuring point, improve greatly measurement efficient.In conjunction with the concrete shape of workpiece, adopt the minimum bounding box intersection algorithm to judge whether to exist interference point (test point that gauge head and workpiece bump), interference point is rejected from the planning measuring point, utilize remaining test point coordinate to generate the machine tool measuring program.
Data communication module is mainly used in finishing data transfer.Adopt the mode of RS232 serial communication that process of measurement is passed to digital control system, digital control system is responsible for carrying out measuring and is obtained the test point coordinate, constantly reads, stores simultaneously the coordinate in the PMAC card, and measurement data is passed to the error compensation module.
The error compensation module is the important guarantee of certainty of measurement, realizes error calibration, the error calibration of lathe, the error compensation of gauge head and the error compensation function of lathe of gauge head in this module.The error calibration of gauge head can adopt standard gauge block is carried out repeated measurement, sets up error compensation tables according to measurement result; Then measure rear Input Software system made compensation meter by laser measuring apparatus for machine tool error.For the measurement data of being come by the communication module transmission, the corresponding offset of inquiry is revised it in error compensation tables, and correction result mails to data processing module.
The various algorithms that data that data processing module is integrated are processed provide typical ICP algorithm, and the KH algorithm utilizes the data and the original CAD discrete points data that record to carry out registration, finally realizes automatic location and the error-detecting function of workpiece.
The experts database system adopts SQL database, is aimed at the storage of workpiece calibration information of the same type in the past and gathers, and its content comprises system fault diagnosis situation and processing mode, measuring route, gauge head compensated information, error correction situation etc.The experts database system of Erecting and improving can avoid similar gauge head repeat demarcate, conventional self diagnosis that can back-up system and the intelligent decision that identical jobs is measured and automatically process, with greatly improve measuring system can only degree and measure efficient.
Fig. 4 is whole workflow schematic diagram in the machine testing system.At first the lathe gauge head is installed in above the main shaft, carries out error calibration for gauge head and lathe, and file is demarcated in storage.Import the cad model of workpiece for measurement, geometric properties and the real-time simulation model state of extraction model after system explains, translates.Plan quantity and the distribution of measuring point according to the geological information of model, automatically plan the collisionless measuring route, generate process of measurement.Digital control system is carried out process of measurement, and the servo-drive system of control lathe drives gauge head and measures, and the coordinate of the point that at every turn records in time transmits back the digital control system storage.After the model detection was complete, detection system was carried out error compensation to measurement data, and revised data are passed to data processing module, can calculate spatial pose and the shape information of the workpiece of surveying through corresponding computing.Utilize acquired results to instruct the location of workpiece and processing to revise.Can save greatly the secondary process time, reduce the workpiece scrappage.
Claims (1)
1. a Digit Control Machine Tool is in the machine testing system, comprise the gauge head, signal acquisition circuit and the control centre that are electrically connected successively, after gauge head triggered, digital control system latched the measurement point coordinate according to triggering signal, and signal acquisition circuit is done to send control centre to after the Signal Pretreatment to the point coordinates that collects; Gauge head comprises measuring staff and is used for the guiding measuring staff makes vertical straight-line guiding mechanism, the measuring staff top is provided with flexible restoring organ, be provided with linear displacement transducer near the measuring staff place, it is characterized in that, described control centre comprises model explanation module, path planning module, data communication module, error compensation module, data processing module and experts database system module;
Described model explanation module is used for extracting the geometric properties of part model, receives in real time the test point coordinate from the error compensation module;
Described path planning module is used for detecting the path according to the geometric properties planning of part model, and be converted into the lathe trace routine, be specially: coordinate system is measured in definition, finish and measure coordinate system and the coordinate unification that designs coordinate system, adopt the Hammersley sequence algorithm on the basis of having extracted geometric properties, curvature feature according to surface to be measured adopts based on the definite measuring point of planning of the self adaptation measuring point Distribution Algorithm of curvature, be that the large local measuring point distribution number of curvature is many, the local measuring point distribution number that curvature is little is few; In conjunction with the concrete shape of workpiece, adopt the minimum bounding box intersection algorithm to judge whether to exist interference point, interference point is rejected from the planning measuring point, utilize remaining test point coordinate to generate the lathe trace routine;
Described data communication module is used for sending the lathe trace routine to digital control system, will feed back to the error compensation module from the test point coordinate of digital control system;
Described error compensation module is used for the test point coordinate is carried out error compensation, is specially: error calibration, the error calibration of lathe, the error compensation of gauge head and the error compensation function of lathe of realizing gauge head; The error calibration of gauge head carries out repeated measurement to adopt to standard gauge block, sets up error compensation tables according to measurement result; Then measure rear Input Software system made compensation meter by laser measuring apparatus for machine tool error; For the test point coordinate that is come by the communication module transmission, the corresponding offset of inquiry is revised it in error compensation tables;
Described data processing module obtains the machining state of workpiece for the history detection information of the test point coordinate after the compensation being analyzed or inquiring about the experts database system module;
Described experts database system module is used for log history and detects information, and historical detection information comprises system fault diagnosis situation and processing mode, measuring route, gauge head compensated information and error correction situation.
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