CN111399444A - Intelligent control system for machining process - Google Patents

Intelligent control system for machining process Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111399444A
CN111399444A CN202010159705.3A CN202010159705A CN111399444A CN 111399444 A CN111399444 A CN 111399444A CN 202010159705 A CN202010159705 A CN 202010159705A CN 111399444 A CN111399444 A CN 111399444A
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measuring
detection
machine tool
numerical control
program
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邓冠华
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Linga Intelligent Technology Shanghai Co ltd
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Linga Intelligent Technology Shanghai Co ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/18Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
    • G05B19/414Structure of the control system, e.g. common controller or multiprocessor systems, interface to servo, programmable interface controller
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30Nc systems
    • G05B2219/45Nc applications
    • G05B2219/45002To application field of control

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Numerical Control (AREA)

Abstract

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is to provide an intelligent control system for the machining process, wherein the monitoring system for the machining process of the machine tool is used for acquiring and processing data of certain working state data in the machining process of the machine tool, comparing actual characteristic parameters with normal values, so that the actual working state of the numerical control machine tool is mastered, whether the equipment works normally and reasonably is known, and meanwhile, a basis is provided for fault diagnosis and prediction.

Description

Intelligent control system for machining process
Technical Field
The invention relates to a monitoring method of a machine tool equipment machining state, and particularly relates to an intelligent control system of a machining process, which aims at the technical field of on-line monitoring of a machine tool equipment grinding machining process.
Background
With the progress of technology, the complexity and intelligence of manufacturing equipment are increasing, however, due to the complexity of the structure, the complex equipment brings a series of difficulties in the aspects of reliability, safety, availability, economy and the like of a system when improving the function or performance, and the potential possibility of system failure or failure is also increasing. The main purpose of monitoring the state of the automatic processing process of the equipment is to ensure the safe operation of a processing system, reasonably and optimally use automatic equipment, avoid equipment faults, ensure the quality of processed workpieces, reduce extra auxiliary working time and improve the production efficiency and the equipment utilization rate. Meanwhile, the state monitoring of the equipment is also the basis for fault diagnosis of the equipment. The machine tool is a product of modern high-tech development, and when a batch of parts begin to be processed, a large amount of detection needs to be completed, including clamping and alignment of the clamp and the parts, measurement of a part programming original point, detection of a first part, detection between processes, detection of processing completion and the like. In order to perform the machining process of the machine tool safely, reliably, efficiently and with high quality, it is very important to monitor the state of the machining equipment. The scheme of the application provides an intelligent control system for a machining process.
The PC-P L C network is a main research direction of data acquisition and monitoring of the numerical control machine tool, but on one hand, due to the sealing property of the machine tool, various information of the machine tool is difficult to read directly from P L C in practical application, on the other hand, some numerical control machine tool manufacturers such as SIEMENS, FANUC and the like develop software aiming at data acquisition and monitoring of the machine tool, but most of the numerical control machine tool manufacturers are expensive.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is to provide an intelligent control system for the machining process, wherein the monitoring system for the machining process of the machine tool is used for acquiring and processing data of certain working state data in the machining process of the machine tool, comparing actual characteristic parameters with normal values, so that the actual working state of the numerical control machine tool is mastered, whether the equipment works normally and reasonably is known, and meanwhile, a basis is provided for fault diagnosis and prediction.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
firstly, an intelligent control system for a machining process is composed of software and hardware.
The hardware part consists of the following parts:
(1) machining equipment body
The body is the basis for realizing processing and detection, the working part is the part for realizing the required basic movement, and the precision of the transmission part directly influences the processing and detection precision.
(2) Numerical control system
The CNC numerical control system is mainly characterized in that input storage, numerical control machining, interpolation operation and various control functions of a machine tool are realized through programs. The computer, the controller, the acquisition system and the CNC system can be connected through interface equipment, and when a control object or a function is changed, only software and an interface are required to be changed. The CNC system consists of a central processing memory and an input/output interface, and the central processing unit consists of a memory, an arithmetic unit, a controller and a bus.
(3) Servo system
The servo system is an important component of numerical control and is used for realizing the servo control of the feeding position and the main shaft rotating speed (or position) of a numerical control machine tool. The performance of the servo system is a major factor in determining the machining accuracy, measurement accuracy, surface quality and production efficiency of the machine tool.
(4) Measuring system
The measuring system consists of a contact triggering type measuring head, a signal transmission system and a data acquisition system, is a key part of the online detection system of the numerical control machine tool, and directly influences the accuracy of online detection. The key part is a measuring head, the measuring head can be used for measuring the size in the machining process, the machining program is automatically modified according to the measuring result, and the machining precision is improved, so that the numerical control machine tool is not only machining equipment, but also has certain function of a measuring machine. The measuring head can be divided into a workpiece detecting measuring head and a cutter measuring head according to functions; the signal transmission modes can be divided into a hard wire connection type, an induction type, an optical type and a wireless type; the contact type can be divided into contact measurement and non-contact measurement, and a user can select a proper configuration according to the specific model of the machine tool.
The measuring head is arranged on the main shaft, the workbench and the workpiece, signals of the measuring head are collected to the acquisition system, the acquisition system feeds back to the controller, the controller calculates and transmits the signals to the servo system through the CNC, and the servo system controls the execution part;
the software is formed as follows:
the computer is used for collecting and processing the measured data, generating a detection numerical control program, simulating the detection process, communicating with the numerical control machine and the like.
The method specifically comprises an acquisition technology, a model library, parameter optimization management and an expert library system; the acquisition technology is responsible for data acquisition, the model base stores data models, parameter optimization management optimizes parameter design, and the expert base system stores expert data.
Second, the working principle of the intelligent control system in the machining process
When monitoring is realized, firstly, a detection main program is automatically generated on a computer aided programming system, the detection main program is transmitted to a numerical control machine tool through a communication interface, a measuring head moves according to a specified path of the program through a G31 step jump instruction, a trigger signal is sent out when the measuring ball contacts a workpiece, the trigger signal is transmitted to a converter through a special interface of the measuring head and the numerical control system, the trigger signal is transmitted to a control system of the machine tool after being converted, and the coordinate of the point is recorded. After the signal is received, the machine tool stops moving, the coordinates of the measuring point are transmitted back to the computer through the communication interface, and then the next measuring action is carried out. The upper computer can perform various data processing works such as calculation compensation and visualization on the system measurement result by monitoring the measurement value returned by the CNC system.
Third, programming of intelligent control system in machining process
The monitoring system is embodied on the compilation of a detection program, and the quality of the compilation quality of the detection program directly influences the detection effect. The programming mode of the self-development software comprises the following steps: the online detection programming method comprises online detection programming based on C, C + +, VC + +, VB and Delphi development platforms and online detection programming based on CAD development platforms.
The functions of the main modules of the detection part are as follows:
(1) the automatic generation module of the measurement main program comprises: the method mainly completes the input of the information to be detected of the part and generates a detection main program.
(2) An error compensation module: and the error generated in the measuring process is compensated, and the measuring precision is improved.
(3) A communication module: and finishing the transmission of the main program and the called macro program and the reception of the coordinate information of the measuring point.
(4) A measurement macro program module: and realizing management and internal calling of the macro program. The main module is to implement operations such as searching, adding, modifying and deleting macro programs.
(5) A data processing module: and (4) compensating the coordinates of the measuring points to finish the calculation of various sizes and precisions. And (4) obtaining coordinate information of the measuring point by opening a measuring result data file, and finally obtaining a measured value through a corresponding operation process.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the research of the mechanical processing process monitoring system is the demand of the current manufacturing market, and is a powerful guarantee for ensuring the smooth proceeding of automatic processing, reducing the production cost, improving the product quality and preventing the fault of the processing process. According to the scheme, the precision of the machining process can be guaranteed, the detection technology is integrated into the machining content, an online measurement mode is adopted, an operator can find the problems of the workpiece in time and feed the problems back to the numerical control system. The online measurement technology is applied to a numerical control system, and the most direct economic benefit lies in not only saving working hours but also improving measurement precision. And because the function of the machining process is utilized, the numerical control system can obtain the information fed back by the detection system in time, and the system error and the random error can be corrected in time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an intelligent control system for a machining process.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and examples.
Firstly, an intelligent control system for a machining process is composed of software and hardware.
The hardware part consists of the following parts:
(1) machining equipment body
The body is the basis for realizing processing and detection, the working part is the part for realizing the required basic movement, and the precision of the transmission part directly influences the processing and detection precision.
(2) Numerical control system
The CNC numerical control system is mainly characterized in that input storage, numerical control machining, interpolation operation and various control functions of a machine tool are realized through programs. The computer, the controller, the acquisition system and the CNC system can be connected through interface equipment, and when a control object or a function is changed, only software and an interface are required to be changed. The CNC system consists of a central processing memory and an input/output interface, and the central processing unit consists of a memory, an arithmetic unit, a controller and a bus.
(3) Servo system
The servo system is an important component of numerical control and is used for realizing the servo control of the feeding position and the main shaft rotating speed (or position) of a numerical control machine tool. The performance of the servo system is a major factor in determining the machining accuracy, measurement accuracy, surface quality and production efficiency of the machine tool.
(4) Measuring system
The measuring system consists of a contact triggering type measuring head, a signal transmission system and a data acquisition system, is a key part of the online detection system of the numerical control machine tool, and directly influences the accuracy of online detection. The key part is a measuring head, the measuring head can be used for measuring the size in the machining process, the machining program is automatically modified according to the measuring result, and the machining precision is improved, so that the numerical control machine tool is not only machining equipment, but also has certain function of a measuring machine. The measuring head can be divided into a workpiece detecting measuring head and a cutter measuring head according to functions; the signal transmission modes can be divided into a hard wire connection type, an induction type, an optical type and a wireless type; the contact type can be divided into contact measurement and non-contact measurement, and a user can select a proper configuration according to the specific model of the machine tool.
The measuring head is arranged on the main shaft, the workbench and the workpiece, signals of the measuring head are collected to the acquisition system, the acquisition system feeds back to the controller, the controller calculates and transmits the signals to the servo system through the CNC, and the servo system controls the execution part;
the software is formed as follows:
the computer is used for collecting and processing the measured data, generating a detection numerical control program, simulating the detection process, communicating with the numerical control machine and the like.
The method specifically comprises an acquisition technology, a model library, parameter optimization management and an expert library system; the acquisition technology is responsible for data acquisition, the model base stores data models, parameter optimization management optimizes parameter design, and the expert base system stores expert data.
Second, the working principle of the intelligent control system in the machining process
When monitoring is realized, firstly, a detection main program is automatically generated on a computer aided programming system, the detection main program is transmitted to a numerical control machine tool through a communication interface, a measuring head moves according to a specified path of the program through a G31 step jump instruction, a trigger signal is sent out when the measuring ball contacts a workpiece, the trigger signal is transmitted to a converter through a special interface of the measuring head and the numerical control system, the trigger signal is transmitted to a control system of the machine tool after being converted, and the coordinate of the point is recorded. After the signal is received, the machine tool stops moving, the coordinates of the measuring point are transmitted back to the computer through the communication interface, and then the next measuring action is carried out. The upper computer can perform various data processing works such as calculation compensation and visualization on the system measurement result by monitoring the measurement value returned by the CNC system.
Third, programming of intelligent control system in machining process
The monitoring system is embodied on the compilation of a detection program, and the quality of the compilation quality of the detection program directly influences the detection effect. The programming mode of the self-development software comprises the following steps: the online detection programming method comprises online detection programming based on C, C + +, VC + +, VB and Delphi development platforms and online detection programming based on CAD development platforms.
The functions of the main modules of the detection part are as follows:
(1) the automatic generation module of the measurement main program comprises: the method mainly completes the input of the information to be detected of the part and generates a detection main program.
(2) An error compensation module: and the error generated in the measuring process is compensated, and the measuring precision is improved.
(3) A communication module: and finishing the transmission of the main program and the called macro program and the reception of the coordinate information of the measuring point.
(4) A measurement macro program module: and realizing management and internal calling of the macro program. The main module is to implement operations such as searching, adding, modifying and deleting macro programs.
(5) A data processing module: and (4) compensating the coordinates of the measuring points to finish the calculation of various sizes and precisions. And (4) obtaining coordinate information of the measuring point by opening a measuring result data file, and finally obtaining a measured value through a corresponding operation process.
Although the present invention has been described with respect to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (5)

1. The utility model provides a machining process intelligence control system which characterized in that: the intelligent control system for the machining process consists of software and hardware;
the hardware part consists of the following parts:
(1) machining equipment body
The body is the basis for realizing processing and detection, the working part is the part for realizing the required basic movement, and the precision of the transmission part directly influences the processing and detection precision;
(2) numerical control system
The CNC numerical control system is mainly characterized in that input storage, numerical control machining, interpolation operation and various control functions of a machine tool are realized through programs. The computer, the controller, the acquisition system and the CNC system can be connected through interface equipment, and when a control object or a function is changed, only software and an interface are required to be changed. The CNC system consists of a central processing memory and an input/output interface, and the central processing unit consists of a memory, an arithmetic unit, a controller and a bus;
(3) servo system
The servo system is an important component of numerical control and is used for realizing the servo control of the feeding position and the main shaft rotating speed (or position) of a numerical control machine tool. The performance of the servo system is a main factor for determining the machining precision, the measurement precision, the surface quality and the production efficiency of the machine tool;
(4) measuring system
The measuring system consists of a contact triggering type measuring head, a signal transmission system and a data acquisition system, is a key part of the online detection system of the numerical control machine tool, and directly influences the accuracy of online detection. The key part is a measuring head, the measuring head can be used for measuring the size in the machining process, the machining program is automatically modified according to the measuring result, and the machining precision is improved, so that the numerical control machine tool is not only machining equipment, but also has certain function of a measuring machine. The measuring head can be divided into a workpiece detecting measuring head and a cutter measuring head according to functions; the signal transmission modes can be divided into a hard wire connection type, an induction type, an optical type and a wireless type; the contact type can be divided into contact measurement and non-contact measurement, and a user can select a proper configuration according to the specific model of the machine tool.
2. The intelligent machining process control system of claim 1, wherein: the measuring head is arranged on the main shaft, the workbench and the workpiece, signals of the measuring head are collected to the acquisition system, the acquisition system feeds back to the controller, the controller calculates and transmits the signals to the servo system through the CNC, and the servo system controls the execution part.
3. The intelligent machining process control system of claim 2, wherein: the software is formed as follows: the functions of collecting and processing measured data, generating a detection numerical control program, simulating a detection process, communicating with a numerical control machine tool and the like are performed through a computer; the method specifically comprises an acquisition technology, a model library, parameter optimization management and an expert library system; the acquisition technology is responsible for data acquisition, the model base stores data models, parameter optimization management optimizes parameter design, and the expert base system stores expert data.
4. The intelligent machining process control system of claim 3, wherein: when monitoring is realized, firstly, a detection main program is automatically generated on a computer aided programming system, the detection main program is transmitted to a numerical control machine tool through a communication interface, a measuring head moves according to a specified path of the program through a G31 step jump instruction, a trigger signal is sent out when the measuring ball contacts a workpiece, the trigger signal is transmitted to a converter through a special interface of the measuring head and the numerical control system, the trigger signal is transmitted to a control system of the machine tool after being converted, and the coordinate of the point is recorded. After the signal is received, the machine tool stops moving, the coordinates of the measuring point are transmitted back to the computer through the communication interface, and then the next measuring action is carried out. The upper computer can perform various data processing works such as calculation compensation and visualization on the system measurement result by monitoring the measurement value returned by the CNC system.
5. The intelligent machining process control system of claim 4, wherein: the monitoring system is embodied on the compilation of a detection program, and the quality of the compilation quality of the detection program directly influences the detection effect. The programming mode of the self-development software comprises the following steps: on-line detection programming based on C, C + +, VC + +, VB and Delphi development platforms and on-line detection programming based on CAD development platforms;
the functions of the main modules of the detection part are as follows:
(1) the automatic generation module of the measurement main program comprises: the method mainly comprises the steps of inputting information to be detected of a part and generating a detection main program;
(2) an error compensation module: the error generated in the measuring process is compensated, and the measuring precision is improved;
(3) a communication module: finishing the sending of the main program and the called macro program and the receiving of the coordinate information of the measuring point;
(4) a measurement macro program module: and realizing management and internal calling of the macro program. The main module is used for realizing operations such as searching, adding, modifying and deleting macro programs;
(5) a data processing module: and (4) compensating the coordinates of the measuring points to finish the calculation of various sizes and precisions. And (4) obtaining coordinate information of the measuring point by opening a measuring result data file, and finally obtaining a measured value through a corresponding operation process.
CN202010159705.3A 2020-03-10 2020-03-10 Intelligent control system for machining process Pending CN111399444A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113485244A (en) * 2021-07-27 2021-10-08 同济大学 Numerical control machine tool control system and method based on cutter wear prediction

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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CN106873524A (en) * 2015-12-13 2017-06-20 申久祝 A kind of Digit Control Machine Tool closed-loop control system based on PC

Patent Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1740932A (en) * 2005-09-14 2006-03-01 山东大学 Intelligent control system for digital control machine tool and control method thereof
CN102501136A (en) * 2011-10-10 2012-06-20 华中科技大学 On-machine detection measuring head and detection system for numerical control machine tool
CN106873524A (en) * 2015-12-13 2017-06-20 申久祝 A kind of Digit Control Machine Tool closed-loop control system based on PC

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Title
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113485244A (en) * 2021-07-27 2021-10-08 同济大学 Numerical control machine tool control system and method based on cutter wear prediction

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