CN110806722A - On-machine detection method for machining part of numerical control machine tool - Google Patents
On-machine detection method for machining part of numerical control machine tool Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 73
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- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/401—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by control arrangements for measuring, e.g. calibration and initialisation, measuring workpiece for machining purposes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/406—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by monitoring or safety
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/4155—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by programme execution, i.e. part programme or machine function execution, e.g. selection of a programme
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/37—Measurements
- G05B2219/37345—Dimension of workpiece, diameter
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/45—Nc applications
- G05B2219/45136—Turning, lathe
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Abstract
The invention discloses an on-machine detection method for a machined part of a numerical control machine tool. The invention is characterized in that a detection device taking a length measurement sensor as a core is arranged on a main shaft of a numerical control machine tool, so that the detection device is in normal contact measurement with the measured side surface of a measured part, and the detection device can transmit a measurement result back to an upper computer in real time to realize online continuous measurement. The detection device is arranged on the main shaft and is similar to a tool for machining, continuous sampling detection can be carried out on a part machining surface according to a track given by an NC program of a machined part, and the sampling result is a detection result.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of part measurement, in particular to a method for continuously and accurately measuring the profile form and position errors of a machined part on machine.
Background
The numerical control machine tool is widely applied to the field of machining, and how to efficiently, conveniently and accurately detect the form and position tolerance of parts is the key for acquiring the machining quality condition of products.
The existing method for detecting the profile form and position errors of numerical control machining parts comprises the following steps:
the first type is three-coordinate measuring machine measurement, which is a measurement method off the machine tool. The three-coordinate measuring machine uses the 3D measuring head to measure the measured object. And (3) acquiring points one by one on the measured entity by using the 3D measuring head, acquiring coordinate values of the measured points, and evaluating the error of the measured target according to the difference between the actual measured point and the theoretical value.
The molded surface of the part is measured point by using a 3D measuring head, the point collecting efficiency is very low, and if the number of point positions on the measured molded surface is more, the measuring efficiency is lower; meanwhile, the measurement method inevitably brings errors of secondary clamping and is easy to damage workpieces, such as scratching surfaces, process deformation and the like; and the requirement on the measurement environment is high, the measurement cost is high, and the application range is limited to a certain extent.
The second type is visual measurement. The vision measurement technology is a new measurement technology combining optical, electrical and mechanical applications based on computer vision. In the measuring process, a laser beam emitted by a laser diode forms a bright light spot on a measured profile entity, the light spot is imaged on a photosensitive surface of a photoelectric receiver through an imaging objective lens, a light intensity signal is converted into an electric signal, and then the electric signal is acquired through a digital/analog mode and sequentially output, so that one-dimensional image information with position information and light intensity information of a colleague is obtained, and the position of a computer light spot image point can be accurately calculated through image data analysis of the image information. The method has the advantages of non-contact, good flexibility and the like, but has the defects of larger influence on the measurement result by the optical imaging component, lower measurement efficiency, low precision and the like.
The prior art mainly has the following defects:
three-coordinate measuring machine measurement:
1. in the measuring method, as the measured part is measured on the three-coordinate measuring machine after leaving the machine tool for processing the measured part, errors of secondary clamping are inevitably caused, and the part is easily damaged, such as surface scratching, process deformation and the like;
2. meanwhile, because the three-coordinate measuring machine is used for detecting parts and measuring the molded surfaces of the parts point by point, the measurement precision is greatly influenced by the number and the positions of the measured points, the measurement precision and the measurement efficiency cannot be well coordinated, and the measurement cost is high;
3. the requirement on the measurement environment is high, and the application range is limited to a certain extent;
4. since the trigger probe is a sensing element and the measured point is the position of the center of the sphere of the probe, the radius of the ball head needs to be compensated to obtain the true shape of the workpiece, which may cause a problem of error correction. The calculation is complicated and is one of the sources of measurement errors.
Visual measurement method: the method has the defects that the measurement result is greatly influenced by an optical imaging component, the measurement efficiency is low, the precision is not high and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of low point collecting efficiency, error of secondary clamping, low measuring efficiency, low precision and the like in the prior art, the invention provides a continuous and accurate measuring method for the solid molded surface of a machined part on machine.
The method is that a detection device which takes a length measurement sensor as a core is arranged on a main shaft of a machine tool, so that the detection device is in normal contact measurement with a measured surface of a measured part and moves along with the machine tool to realize on-line continuous measurement. The detection device is arranged on a main shaft of a machine tool and is similar to a cutter for processing, continuous sampling detection can be carried out on a part processing surface according to a track given by an NC program of a processing part, and a sampling result is a detection result, so that the function of efficiently, conveniently and accurately detecting the form and position tolerance of the part is realized, no recognized technology and standard for detecting the profile error of the processing part of a numerical control machine tool in the aspect of machine detection exist at present, and the invention refers to a product geometric technical specification (GPS) GB/T16857.1-200X and a geometric technical specification length measuring device which are related to three-coordinate measurement: the design and measurement technical requirements of the indicating sheet GB/T1219-2000, the acceptance detection and recheck detection eqv ISO 10360-1: 2000 of the coordinate measuring machine, the precision judgment standard (JJF 1064-.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: an on-machine detection method for a numerical control machine tool machining part comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing a length measuring sensor with higher precision as a reference for measuring the size, wherein the measuring precision of the length measuring sensor determines the measuring precision of the method;
step two, rigidly fixing the length measuring sensor on a coarse needle with one spherical end to form a probe of the detection device for detection, wherein the coarse needle is called a probe;
after the part is machined, errors exist between point positions on the surface of the machined part and theoretical point positions due to various reasons, the value of the errors is the distance between the point positions on the surface of the machined part and the theoretical point positions, and the direction is along the normal direction of the point, so that the probe of the detection device points to the surface to be tested in a touch mode, the probe of the detection device moves in the vertical direction along the normal direction of the point positions on the touch surface, the length of the movement is the error between the point and the theoretical point, and the length value is read to obtain a measurement result without extra calculation;
and step four, reading the value of the length measuring sensor on the probe of the detection device, namely the error of the point position on the detected surface.
In order to better realize the invention, a main body of measuring head length measurement and reading is further formed by the capacitance grid ruler and related circuits, and the capacitance grid movable ruler is connected with the probe part.
In order to better implement the invention, when the detection device is used for measuring the part profile, an NC program is required to be produced and measured according to the part profile, and the feed path of the NC program is the feed track of the current processing.
In order to better implement the invention, further, the detection device is installed on the tool shank, the length of the detection device is measured, the process is the same as that of the general tool length measurement, the tool shank provided with the detection device probe is installed on a main shaft of a machine tool, and relevant tool parameters (namely the detected detection device length and other parameters) are input into a machine tool system.
In order to better realize the invention, the swing angle of the main shaft of the machine tool needs to return to zero during measurement, the main shaft of the machine tool is moved to the original point of the part to be measured, the probe of the detection device is contacted with the original point of the part, the probe is pressed into the original point of the part by about 1mm along the Z direction, and the reading of the probe of the detection device is cleared.
In order to better realize the invention, further, after the measurement NC program is executed for measurement, the measurement result is transmitted back to the upper computer in real time through the communication module of the detection device.
In order to better implement the invention, further, the feed speed of the machine tool is kept constant during the measurement.
In order to better realize the invention, further, the multi-axis linkage function of the machine tool with the swing angle is opened.
In order to better implement the invention, further, the interference between the detection device and the parts is avoided during the measurement process.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) the invention can greatly improve the measurement efficiency of the part, and the part can be monitored on-machine by utilizing the processing machine tool and the detection device without off-line or adding other redundant equipment;
(2) the invention can effectively solve the problem of low precision of online measurement of the molded surface of the part processed by the machine tool, the device used for detection is the machine tool, the used NC program feed path is also the feed path of the part processing, and compared with the prior art, unnecessary errors caused by detection operation are reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a probe of a measuring device connected to a length measuring sensor;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the detection device;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the detection apparatus;
FIG. 4 is a left side sectional view of the capacitance grid ruler of the detecting device;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a radial measurement path of a probe of the detection device during measurement;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of an axial measurement path of a probe of the detection device during measurement;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the connection of the detection device to the spindle of the machine tool;
FIG. 8 shows the probe of the detecting device touching the moving direction of the measured point.
Wherein: 1-detection device probe, 2-cavity I, 3-device upper cover plate, 4-grid-containing one polar plate, 5-cavity II, 6-device rear cover, 7-battery box, 8-limiting snap ring, 9-grid-containing one polar plate B, 10-measuring rod, 11-spring, 12-device body, 13-upper cover plate fixing screw, 14-communication module, 15-spring fixing rod, 16-grid-containing one polar plate B balancing rod, 17-detection device, 18-length measurement sensor and 19-main shaft.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Example 1:
the on-machine detection method of the numerically-controlled machine tool machining part in the embodiment is realized by using a detection device 17 consisting of a detection device probe 1 and a length measurement sensor 18, which is shown in fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3, fig. 4 and fig. 8. The length measuring sensor 18 is rigidly fixed at one end to a thick needle, spherical at one end, forming the detecting means 17, as shown in fig. 1, wherein the thick needle is the detecting means probe 1 of the detecting means 17. The length measuring sensor 18 comprises a first cavity 2, a device upper cover plate 3, a first capacitive grid polar plate A4, a second cavity 5, a device rear cover 6, a battery box 7, a limiting clamp ring 8, a first capacitive grid polar plate B9, a measuring rod 10, a spring 11, a device body 12, an upper cover plate fixing screw 13, a communication module 14, a spring fixing rod 15 and a first capacitive grid polar plate B balance rod 16, wherein:
the capacitive grid first polar plate A4, the capacitive grid first polar plate B9, the measuring rod 10 and the spring 11 are located in the cavity I2 and jointly form a capacitive grid movable ruler, the probe 1 of the detection device is connected with the outward end of the measuring rod 10, and the inward end of the measuring rod 10 is fixed in a fixed end between the cavity I2 and the cavity II 5;
the battery box 7 is positioned in the cavity II 5 and is attached to the device body 12 at the lower part of the space of the cavity II 5;
the communication module 14 is positioned between the first cavity 2 and the second cavity 5 like the fixed end and is attached to the lower device body 12 in the inner space of the length measuring sensor 18;
the device upper cover plate 3 is positioned above the first cavity 2 and the second cavity 5 and covers the inner space of the length measuring sensor 18, and an upper cover plate fixing screw 13 is arranged outside the device upper cover plate 3 and used for fixing the device upper cover plate 3 and the device body 12;
a balance plate 16 of a grid-electrode plate B is arranged on the grid movable ruler, and a spring fixing rod 15 is arranged at the joint of the balance plate and the spring 11;
the device back cover 6 is located outside the end of the length measuring sensor 18 remote from the sensing device probe 1.
The working principle is as follows: the detection device 17 needs to use a highly accurate length measuring sensor 18 as a reference for measuring the dimensions, and the measurement accuracy of the length measuring sensor 18 will determine the measurement accuracy of the method of the invention. As shown in fig. 8, the detecting device probe 1 of the detecting device 17 points to the measured surface in the normal direction and moves along the tangential direction of the measured surface, after the parts are machined, there is an error between the point location on the surface of the machined part and the theoretical point location due to various reasons, the value of the error is the distance between the point location on the surface of the machined part and the theoretical point location, and the direction is along the normal direction of the point, therefore, the detecting device probe 1 points to the measured surface in the normal direction for touch measurement, the detecting device probe 1 will move in the vertical direction along the point location on the touch measurement surface, the length of the movement is the error between the point and the theoretical point, and the measurement result can be obtained by reading the length value without additional calculation. And finally, reading the value of the length measuring sensor 18 on the detection device 17, namely the error of the point position of the measured surface.
Example 2:
the present embodiment is further optimized based on embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 7, when the detecting device 17 described in embodiment 1 is used to measure the part profile, the detecting device 17 needs to be mounted on the tool holder, and then an NC program is designed according to the part profile, a cutting path of the NC program is consistent with a cutting path of the part machined by the machine tool at this time, it needs to be noted that the lengths of the detecting device probe 1 and the detecting device 17 need to be measured before measurement, and a specific measuring method is the same as a general tool measuring method, and measurement is started after specific parameters are input into the machine tool system.
The working principle is as follows: the detection device 17 is installed and connected on a main shaft 19 of a machine tool, an NC program which is the same as a feed track during part machining is used, the machined machine tool is used for detection, the part does not need to be taken down, errors caused by part transfer can be avoided, meanwhile, because the measured machine tool is the same, errors generated when a system compares the errors can be effectively reduced, and the length of the probe 1 of the measurement detection device and the length of the detection device 17 are conventional operation for determining each parameter before measurement, and redundant description is not needed.
Other parts of this embodiment are the same as embodiment 1, and thus are not described again.
Example 3:
in this embodiment, a further optimization is performed on the basis of any one of the embodiments 1-2, as shown in fig. 7, before measurement, the swing angle of the spindle 19 of the machine tool needs to be reset to zero, the spindle 19 of the machine tool needs to be moved to the original point of the part to be measured, the probe of the probe 1 of the detection device is made to contact the original point of the part, the probe is pressed into the original point of the part by about 1mm along the Z direction, and the reading of the probe 1 of the detection device is reset.
The working principle is as follows: the operation is used for determining a zero position point for measurement, and when the measurement is carried out, a zero position point is firstly determined, and then the measurement is carried out by taking the zero position point as a reference, so that unnecessary complicated steps for measurement can be simplified, and the measurement efficiency is increased.
Other parts of this embodiment are the same as any of embodiments 1-2 described above, and thus are not described again.
Example 4:
the present embodiment is further optimized on the basis of any one of the above embodiments 1 to 3, as shown in fig. 3, the communication module 14 is installed in the detection device 17, and after the measurement NC program is executed to perform measurement, the measurement result is transmitted back to the upper computer through the communication module 14 of the detection device 17 in real time.
The working principle is as follows: real-time transmission data returns the host computer after detection device 17 detects, can let the staff in time acquire the testing result, if there is the maloperation in the testing process, can in time discover and modify, and through automatic information transmission, avoided the error influence that manual operation caused to detecting.
Other parts of this embodiment are the same as any of embodiments 1 to 3, and thus are not described again.
Example 5:
this embodiment is further optimized on the basis of any of the above embodiments 1 to 4, in the measuring process, the feeding speed of the machine tool is kept constant, the multi-axis linkage function of the swing angle machine tool is opened, and the interference of the detecting device 17 with the parts is avoided.
The working principle is as follows: the feeding speed of the machine tool is constant, so that the accuracy and consistency of everywhere measurement can be guaranteed, the result is subjected to error due to the fact that the speeds are inconsistent, the multi-axis linkage can improve the measurement accuracy and efficiency, and the purpose of avoiding more errors due to the fact that the detection device 17 interferes with parts is avoided.
Other parts of this embodiment are the same as any of embodiments 1 to 4, and thus are not described again.
Example 6:
this embodiment is further optimized based on any of the above embodiments 1-5, and as shown in fig. 5 and fig. 6, when measuring on a machine tool, there are two contact directions of the probe 1 of the detection device according to the surface and the periphery of the measured part: the probe 1 of the detection device measures axially and the probe 1 of the detection device measures radially.
The working principle is as follows: through the difference of the part surface and the peripheral condition of being surveyed, some places are fit for axial measurement, and some places are fit for radial measurement, select suitable measuring method according to the difference of demand, can improve measurement accuracy.
Other parts of this embodiment are the same as any of embodiments 1 to 5, and thus are not described again.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and all simple modifications and equivalent variations of the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An on-machine detection method for a numerical control machine tool machining part is characterized by comprising the following steps: realized through a detection device (17), detection device (17) can be connected with main shaft (19) of lathe, realizes the on-machine detection to the processing part, detection device (17) include detection device probe (1) and length measurement sensor (18), length measurement sensor (18) include cavity one (2), device upper cover plate (3), appearance bars polar plate A (4), cavity two (5), device back cover (6), battery case (7), spacing snap ring (8), appearance bars polar plate B (9), measuring stick (10), spring (11), the device body (12), upper cover plate set screw (13), communication module (14), spring fixing pole (15), appearance bars polar plate B balancing pole (16), wherein:
the capacitive grid first polar plate A (4), the capacitive grid first polar plate B (9), the measuring rod (10) and the spring (11) are positioned in the cavity I (2) and jointly form a capacitive grid movable ruler, the probe (1) of the detection device is connected with the outward end of the measuring rod (10), and the inward end of the measuring rod (10) is fixed in a fixed end between the cavity I (2) and the cavity II (5);
the battery box (7) is positioned in the second cavity (5) and is attached to the device body (12) at the lower part of the space of the second cavity (5);
the communication module (14) is positioned between the first cavity (2) and the second cavity (5) like the fixed end and is attached to the lower device body (12) of the inner space of the length measuring sensor (18);
the device upper cover plate (3) is positioned above the first cavity (2) and the second cavity (5) and covers the inner space of the length measuring sensor (18), and an upper cover plate fixing screw (13) is arranged outside the device upper cover plate (3) and used for fixing the device upper cover plate (3) and the device body (12);
a balance plate (16) of a grid-electrode plate B is arranged on the grid movable ruler, and a spring fixing rod (15) is arranged at the joint of the balance plate and the spring (11);
the device rear cover (6) is positioned outside the end of the length measuring sensor (18) far away from the probe (1) of the detection device.
2. The on-machine detection method of the numerically-controlled machine tool machining part as claimed in claim 1, wherein: when the detection device (17) is used for measuring the part profile, an NC program is required to be designed according to the part profile, and the feed path of the NC program is the feed track of the current processing.
3. The on-machine detection method of the numerically-controlled machine tool machining part as claimed in claim 2, wherein: when the detection device (17) is arranged on the tool handle before measurement, the probe (1) of the detection device and the detected length need to be measured, the specific measurement method is the same as that of a common tool, and specific parameters are input into a machine tool system.
4. The on-machine detection method of the numerically-controlled machine tool machining part as claimed in claim 3, wherein: before measurement, the swing angle of the spindle (19) of the machine tool needs to be reset to zero, the spindle (19) of the machine tool is moved to the original point of a part to be measured, the probe (1) of the detection device is made to contact the original point of the part, the part is pressed into the original point of the part by about 1mm along the Z direction, and the reading of the detection device (17) is reset.
5. The on-machine detection method of the numerically controlled machine tool machining part as claimed in claim 4, wherein: and executing a measuring NC program to measure, and transmitting a measuring result back to the upper computer through a communication module (14) of the detection device (17) in real time.
6. The on-machine detection method of the numerically-controlled machine tool machining part as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the machine tool feed speed is kept constant at the time of measurement.
7. The on-machine detection method of the numerically controlled machine tool machining part as claimed in claim 6, wherein: when the machine tool is a machine tool with a swing angle, the multi-axis linkage function needs to be opened.
8. The on-machine detection method of the numerically controlled machine tool machining part as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the interference of the detecting device (17) with the parts is avoided during measurement.
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