CN112845198B - Method for recycling and sorting waste and old sundry plastics - Google Patents

Method for recycling and sorting waste and old sundry plastics Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112845198B
CN112845198B CN202110230892.4A CN202110230892A CN112845198B CN 112845198 B CN112845198 B CN 112845198B CN 202110230892 A CN202110230892 A CN 202110230892A CN 112845198 B CN112845198 B CN 112845198B
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Prior art keywords
plastics
sorting
plastic
baffle
storage bin
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CN202110230892.4A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN112845198A (en
Inventor
吴泽兵
熊维
朱宽
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Shanghai Ruiju Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
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Shanghai Ruiju Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
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Publication of CN112845198A publication Critical patent/CN112845198A/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07CPOSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C7/00Sorting by hand only e.g. of mail
    • B07C7/04Apparatus or accessories for hand picking
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/02Separating plastics from other materials
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/04Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/02Separating plastics from other materials
    • B29B2017/0213Specific separating techniques
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/02Separating plastics from other materials
    • B29B2017/0213Specific separating techniques
    • B29B2017/0268Separation of metals
    • B29B2017/0272Magnetic separation
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/52Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/62Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a method for recovering and sorting waste and old sundry plastics, which comprises the following steps: the first step is as follows: feeding, and pouring plastic into a pit; the second step is that: screening, wherein plastics enter a screening device through a primary conveyor belt; the third step: manually sorting, wherein plastics passing through a screening device enter a manual sorting platform through a conveying belt; the fourth step: warehousing, wherein plastics which are manually sorted enter a storage bin through a delivery opening; the fifth step: crushing, wherein the plastic in the bin is transferred to a crusher through a secondary conveyor belt to be crushed; and a sixth step: removing metals, namely removing the metals from the crushed plastic through a magnetic roller belt conveyor and an eddy current separator; then, a packing process is performed. According to the invention, the manual sorting platform adopts a double-layer structure, wherein the baffle is controlled by the controller, and the baffle moves after a period of time, so that plastics uniformly enter the storage bin, the space of the storage bin is reasonably utilized, and meanwhile, the attractiveness and tidiness of a sorting site are improved.

Description

Method for recycling and sorting waste and old sundry plastics
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of resource recycling, in particular to a method for recycling and sorting waste and old daily miscellaneous plastics.
Background
Plastics, as a material widely used in the present life, have been closely related to the human life, but the influence on the environment, especially on the sea and the living beings, is very large due to the stable structure and the characteristic of difficult degradation. Recycling of plastics is also one of the important solutions to the problem of plastics contamination. However, at present, since the number of workers is large for each individual household, and a large amount of manpower is needed to disassemble and recycle the plastic in the recycling process.
Chinese patent discloses a plastic bottle recycling and processing method and a recycling and processing production line (CN 104647637A) thereof, aiming at providing a plastic bottle recycling and processing production line with higher production efficiency and higher recycling quality. The recycling and processing production line of the plastic bottles comprises a sorting platform, a shear type crusher, a cooking box, a saline-alkali water flotation washer, a black spot removing washer, a label removing pre-air dryer and a hot air dryer; sorting platform with connect through first screw conveyer between the shear type breaker, the shear type breaker with boil and connect through second screw conveyer between the case, the case of cooking with connect through third screw conveyer between the saltwater floating washer, saltwater floating washer with it connects through fourth screw conveyer to go between the black spot cleaning machine, go black spot cleaning machine with it connects through fifth screw conveyer to go between the label air dryer in advance, go the label air dryer in advance with connect through sixth screw conveyer between the hot air drier. The plastic bottle recycling and processing method disclosed by the patent is complex in process and inconvenient to popularize. Therefore, in order to improve the sorting efficiency and reduce the labor, a set of sorting method is urgently needed to be designed to realize the recycling and sorting of the miscellaneous plastics.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problem, the invention provides a method for recovering and sorting waste and old sundry plastics, which comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: feeding, and pouring plastic into a pit;
the second step is that: screening, wherein the plastic enters a screening device through a primary conveyor belt;
the third step: manually sorting, wherein the plastics passing through the screening device enter a manual sorting platform through a conveying belt;
the fourth step: warehousing, wherein the plastics after manual sorting enter a storage bin through a delivery opening;
the fifth step: crushing, wherein the plastic in the bin is transferred to a crusher through a secondary conveyor belt to be crushed;
and a sixth step: removing metal, wherein the metal is removed from the crushed plastic through a magnetic roller belt conveyor and an eddy current separator; then, a packing process is performed.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, a percolate protective layer and a percolate collecting system are arranged in the pit; the pit is trapezoidal, and its bottom is provided with the conveyer belt.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the length of the sieving size of the sieving device ranges from 8cm to 40cm.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the manual sorting platform comprises an upper layer platform and a lower layer platform.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the upper-layer platform comprises a chain plate type conveyor, a sorting station and a guardrail, and the delivery port is arranged in the sorting station; the lower-layer platform comprises a storage bin, and the storage bin is arranged below the delivery opening.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, a baffle is arranged below the delivery port; the baffle is provided with a controller.
As a preferable technical solution of the present invention, the shape of the bin is a bucket shape.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, a position alarm is arranged at the position of 50-90% of the height of the storage bin.
As a preferred aspect of the present invention, the crusher includes a twin-shaft shredder.
As a preferable technical solution of the present invention, in the sixth step, the magnetic roller belt conveyor is used to remove iron, and then the magnetic roller belt conveyor is used to remove copper and aluminum.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the manual sorting platform adopts a double-layer structure, wherein the baffle is controlled by the controller, and the baffle moves after a period of time, so that plastics uniformly enter the storage bin, the space of the storage bin is reasonably utilized, and meanwhile, the attractiveness and tidiness of a sorting site are improved.
2. The position alarm in the invention automatically controls the output of the plastic in the storage bin, thereby improving the working efficiency.
3. According to the invention, the delivery port is arranged in each sorting station, so that the sorting efficiency is improved.
4. The guardrail is arranged in the upper-layer platform, so that the safety of workers is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for recovering and sorting waste and old miscellaneous plastics.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a manual sorting platform.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the structure with the baffle on the left.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure in which the baffle is located on the right.
Wherein: 1. a manual sorting platform; 11. an upper stage; 111. a guardrail; 12. a lower stage; 121. a storage bin; 13. a delivery port; 131. a baffle plate; 2. a crusher.
Detailed Description
The technical features of the technical solutions provided by the present invention will be further clearly and completely described below with reference to the specific embodiments, and it should be apparent that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The words "preferred", "preferably", "further" and the like in the present disclosure mean embodiments of the invention that may provide certain benefits, under certain circumstances. However, other embodiments may be preferred, under the same or other circumstances. Furthermore, the recitation of one or more preferred embodiments does not imply that other embodiments are not useful, nor is it intended to exclude other embodiments from the scope of the invention.
A method for recovering and sorting waste and old plastic, which comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: feeding, and pouring plastic into a pit;
the second step is that: screening, wherein the plastics enter a screening device through a primary conveyor belt;
the third step: manually sorting, wherein the plastics passing through the screening device enter a manual sorting platform through a conveying belt;
the fourth step: warehousing, wherein the plastics after manual sorting enter a storage bin through a delivery opening;
the fifth step: crushing, wherein the plastic in the bin is transferred to a crusher through a secondary conveyor belt to be crushed;
and a sixth step: removing metal, wherein the metal is removed from the crushed plastic through a magnetic roller belt conveyor and an eddy current separator; then, a packing process is performed.
A leachate protective layer and a leachate collecting system are arranged in the pit, so that residual liquid in the plastic is prevented from causing pollution; the pit is trapezoidal, and its bottom is provided with the conveyer belt, and plastics fall into the top of conveyer belt, and plastics rise through the conveyer belt, reentrant screening ware. The length range of the sieving size of the sieving device is 8cm to 40cm, and the plastic falling into the sieving device is sent out by another conveying belt; the plastic which does not fall into the sieving device enters a manual sorting platform. The manual sorting platform comprises an upper platform and a lower platform, the upper platform comprises a chain plate conveyor, sorting stations are arranged at the same time, a delivery port is arranged at each sorting station, the lower platform comprises a storage bin, and the storage bin is arranged below the delivery port; the upper platform further comprises guardrails for protecting the safety of workers.
A baffle is arranged below the delivery opening; be provided with the controller on the baffle, shown controller includes relay switch, removes about through relay switch control baffle, and shown relay switch is interval one end time after-switch baffle, delivery port's design is two smooth types, can realize the switching that both sides slided, guarantees that plastics even distribution is in the feed bin. The storage bin is in a bucket shape; be provided with the position alarm in the feed bin, be provided with the position alarm in 50% to 90% of feed bin height, pile up highly reaching the position alarm when plastics, position alarm signals opens the door to control the output of second grade conveyer belt plastics pile up highly being less than the position alarm when plastics, the output is stopped to the second grade conveyer belt. And only the conveyor belt output in one bin can be started simultaneously. The number of the bins is designed according to actual conditions. The crusher comprises a twin-shaft shredder; and removing metal iron from the crushed plastic by a magnetic roller belt conveyor, and then removing copper and aluminum from the crushed plastic in an eddy current separator.
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1-4, a method for recovering and sorting waste and old plastic, which comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: feeding, and pouring plastic into a pit;
the second step is that: screening, wherein the plastics enter a screening device through a primary conveyor belt;
the third step: manually sorting, wherein the plastics passing through the screening device enter a manual sorting platform through a conveying belt;
the fourth step: warehousing, wherein the plastics after manual sorting enter a storage bin through a delivery opening;
the fifth step: crushing, wherein the plastic in the bin is transferred to a crusher through a secondary conveyor belt to be crushed;
and a sixth step: removing metal, wherein the metal is removed from the crushed plastic through a magnetic roller belt conveyor and an eddy current separator; then, a packing process is performed.
A percolate protective layer and a percolate collecting system are arranged in the pit, so that residual liquid in the plastic is prevented from polluting; the pit is trapezoidal, and its bottom is provided with the conveyer belt, and plastics fall into the top of conveyer belt, and plastics rise through the conveyer belt, reentrant screening ware. The screening size of the screening device is 25cm multiplied by 8cm, and the plastic falling into the screening device is sent out through another conveyor belt; the plastic which does not fall into the sieving device enters a manual sorting platform.
The manual sorting platform 1 comprises an upper platform 11 and a lower platform 12, wherein the upper platform 11 comprises a chain plate conveyor, sorting stations are arranged at the same time, a delivery opening 13 is arranged at each sorting station, the lower platform 12 comprises a storage bin 121, and the storage bin 121 is arranged below the delivery opening; the upper deck 11 further includes a guardrail 111 for protecting safety of workers. The below of delivery port 13 is provided with baffle 131, be provided with the controller on the baffle 131, shown controller includes relay switch, controls through relay switch that baffle 131 removes about, as shown in fig. 3 baffle 131 is located the left side, as shown in fig. 4 baffle 131 is located the right, shown relay switch is switching baffle 131 after interval one end time, the design of delivery port 13 is two side gliding types, can realize the switching that the baffle 131 both sides slided, guarantees that plastics are even distributes in feed bin 121.
The shape of the bin 121 is a hopper shape; the position of 90% of height is provided with the position alarm in the feed bin 121, piles up the height when plastics and reaches the position alarm, the position alarm signals and opens the door to control the output of second grade conveyer belt plastics, pile up the height when plastics and be less than the position alarm, the output is stopped to the second grade conveyer belt. And can only simultaneously initiate the belt outfeed within one magazine 121. The crusher comprises a twin-shaft shredder; and removing metal iron from the crushed plastic by a magnetic roller belt conveyor, and then removing copper and aluminum from the crushed plastic in an eddy current separator.
Example two
Referring to fig. 1-4, a method for recovering and sorting waste and old plastic, which comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: feeding, and pouring plastic into a pit;
the second step is that: screening, wherein the plastic enters a screening device through a primary conveyor belt;
the third step: manually sorting, wherein the plastics passing through the screening device enter a manual sorting platform through a conveying belt;
the fourth step: warehousing, wherein the plastics after manual sorting enter a storage bin through a delivery opening;
the fifth step: crushing, wherein the plastic in the bin is transferred to a crusher through a secondary conveyor belt to be crushed;
and a sixth step: removing metals, namely removing the metals from the crushed plastic through a magnetic roller belt conveyor and an eddy current separator; then, a packing process is performed.
A leachate protective layer and a leachate collecting system are arranged in the pit, so that residual liquid in the plastic is prevented from causing pollution; the pit is trapezoidal, and its bottom is provided with the conveyer belt, and plastics fall into the top of conveyer belt, and plastics rise through the conveyer belt, reentrant screening ware. The screening size of the screening device is 25cm multiplied by 8cm, and the plastic falling into the screening device is sent out through another conveyor belt; the plastic which does not fall into the sieving device enters a manual sorting platform.
The manual sorting platform 1 comprises an upper platform 11 and a lower platform 12, wherein the upper platform 11 comprises a chain plate conveyor, sorting stations are arranged at the same time, a delivery port 13 is arranged at each sorting station, the lower platform 12 comprises a bin 121, and the bin 121 is arranged below the delivery port; the upper deck 11 further includes a guardrail 111 for protecting safety of workers. The below of delivery port 13 is provided with baffle 131, be provided with the controller on the baffle 131, shown controller includes relay switch, controls through relay switch that baffle 131 removes about, as shown in fig. 3 baffle 131 is located the left side, as shown in fig. 4 baffle 131 is located the right, shown relay switch is switching baffle 131 after interval one end time, the design of delivery port 13 is two side gliding types, can realize the switching that the baffle 131 both sides slided, guarantees that plastics are even distributes in feed bin 121.
The shape of the bin 121 is a hopper shape; the position of 80% of height is provided with the position alarm in the feed bin 121, piles up the height when plastics and reaches the position alarm, the position alarm signals and opens the door to control the output of second grade conveyer belt plastics, pile up the height when plastics and be less than the position alarm, the output is stopped to the second grade conveyer belt. And can only simultaneously initiate the belt outfeed within one magazine 121. The crusher comprises a twin-shaft shredder; and removing metal iron from the crushed plastic by a magnetic roller belt conveyor, and then removing copper and aluminum from the crushed plastic in an eddy current separator.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in other forms, and any person skilled in the art may modify or change the technical content disclosed above into an equivalent embodiment with equivalent changes, but all those simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made on the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention still belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. A method for recovering and sorting waste and old plastic, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: feeding, and pouring plastic into a pit;
the second step is that: screening, wherein the plastics enter a screening device through a primary conveyor belt;
the third step: manually sorting, wherein the plastics passing through the screening device enter a manual sorting platform through a conveying belt;
the fourth step: warehousing, wherein the plastics after manual sorting enter a storage bin through a delivery opening;
the fifth step: crushing, wherein the plastic in the bin is transferred to a crusher through a secondary conveyor belt to be crushed;
and a sixth step: removing metal, wherein the metal is removed from the crushed plastic through a magnetic roller belt conveyor and an eddy current separator; then, carrying out packaging treatment;
a leachate protective layer and a leachate collecting system are arranged in the pit; the pit is trapezoidal, and a conveying belt is arranged at the bottom of the pit;
the screening size of the screening device is 25cm multiplied by 8cm;
the manual sorting platform comprises an upper layer platform and a lower layer platform;
the upper-layer platform comprises a chain plate type conveyor, a sorting station and a guardrail, and the sorting station is internally provided with the delivery port; the lower-layer platform comprises a storage bin, and the storage bin is arranged below the delivery port;
a baffle is arranged below the delivery opening; the baffle is provided with a controller; the controller comprises a relay switch, the baffle is controlled to move left and right through the relay switch, and the relay switch is a switching baffle after a period of time;
a position alarm is arranged at a position 80-90% of the height of the storage bin;
the shape of the bin is a bucket shape.
2. The method for recycling and sorting the waste and old miscellaneous plastics as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the crusher comprises a twin-shaft shredder.
3. The method for recycling and sorting the waste and old miscellaneous plastics as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and in the sixth step, removing iron through the magnetic roller belt conveyor, and then removing copper and aluminum in the eddy current separator.
CN202110230892.4A 2021-03-02 2021-03-02 Method for recycling and sorting waste and old sundry plastics Active CN112845198B (en)

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