CN110142124B - Pretreatment process and device for sorting organic matters in kitchen waste - Google Patents
Pretreatment process and device for sorting organic matters in kitchen waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN110142124B CN110142124B CN201910423996.XA CN201910423996A CN110142124B CN 110142124 B CN110142124 B CN 110142124B CN 201910423996 A CN201910423996 A CN 201910423996A CN 110142124 B CN110142124 B CN 110142124B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/0084—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments specially adapted for disintegrating garbage, waste or sewage
- B02C18/0092—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments specially adapted for disintegrating garbage, waste or sewage for waste water or for garbage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
- B02C18/14—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers
- B02C18/142—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers with two or more inter-engaging rotatable cutter assemblies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
- B02C18/16—Details
- B02C18/18—Knives; Mountings thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C21/00—Disintegrating plant with or without drying of the material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
- B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
- B02C23/14—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with more than one separator
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
- B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
- B02C23/16—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with separator defining termination of crushing or disintegrating zone, e.g. screen denying egress of oversize material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
- B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
- B03C1/30—Combinations with other devices, not otherwise provided for
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
- B07B1/18—Drum screens
- B07B1/22—Revolving drums
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
- B07B1/46—Constructional details of screens in general; Cleaning or heating of screens
- B07B1/4609—Constructional details of screens in general; Cleaning or heating of screens constructional details of screening surfaces or meshes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C2201/00—Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials
- B02C2201/06—Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials for garbage, waste or sewage
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a pretreatment process and a device for sorting organic matters in kitchen waste, wherein the process comprises the following steps: the material storage tank stores materials and filters liquid; the grab crane transports the material into the crusher; crushing the material by a crusher; conveying the crushed materials into a drum screen; the rotary screen separates oversize materials such as waste paper sheets, braided fabrics and plastics in the materials for external transportation and incineration or landfill, the undersize materials after separation are sent to the lower part of a magnetic separator, and the magnetic separator separates and recovers magnetic metals in the materials; the magnetically-separated materials are organic matters and are sent to an organic matter storage tank so as to enter a subsequent dry anaerobic system for fermentation at a later stage. The process flow provided by the invention has the advantages of high material separation rate, simple system and the like, and can meet the requirements of subsequent dry anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of kitchen waste treatment, and particularly relates to a pretreatment process and a pretreatment device for sorting organic matters in town kitchen waste.
Background
With the development of economy and society and the great improvement of the material consumption level, the production amount of domestic garbage in China is rapidly increased, the hidden environmental danger is increasingly prominent, and the new type of urban development is a restriction factor. The household garbage classification is implemented according to the principles of reduction, resource utilization and harmlessness, so that the urban and rural environment can be effectively improved, the resource recycling is promoted, the construction of a two-type society is accelerated, and the novel urbanization quality and the ecological civilization construction level are improved.
The kitchen garbage (organic solid waste) mainly comprises: organic garbage generated in relevant units such as dining halls, hotels, restaurants, living quarters and the like, vegetable, fruit and fruit garbage, rotten meat, broken meat and bones, eggshells, livestock and poultry product viscera and the like generated in farmer markets and agricultural product wholesale markets.
The kitchen waste is not suitable for direct landfill and incineration due to the characteristics of easy decay, odor generation, easy biodegradation and the like. At present, the treatment of kitchen garbage (organic solid waste) is mainly anaerobic fermentation, but because the garbage contains a certain amount of impurities and can not directly enter an anaerobic system, organic matters in the kitchen garbage are sorted out by pretreatment.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a pretreatment process and a pretreatment device for sorting organic matters in kitchen waste, which adopt the methods of coarse crushing, screening and magnetic separation to divide materials into impurities such as braided fabrics, waste paper and plastics, magnetic metals and organic matters, wherein the impurities such as the braided fabrics, the waste paper and the plastics are transported externally for incineration or landfill, the magnetic metals are recycled, and the organic matters enter a subsequent dry anaerobic system for fermentation.
The invention provides a pretreatment process for sorting organic matters in kitchen waste, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: grabbing the garbage loaded in the material storage pool by a grab crane and throwing the garbage into a crusher;
step two: crushing the materials in a crusher;
step three: the crushed materials are discharged from the crusher and then are conveyed to a drum screen through a belt conveyor;
step four: screening the materials in a drum screen, wherein oversize materials after screening are conveyed to a subsequent transport vehicle through an oversize material belt conveyor; conveying the undersize products to a suspension type magnetic separator for treatment through an undersize product belt conveyor;
step five: and the magnetic separator magnetically separates the undersize matters, separates and recovers the iron metals, and conveys the magnetically separated organic matters to an organic matter storage pool.
Preferably, in the first step, the garbage is filtered from the garbage in the material storage tank through a water filtering grid arranged at the bottom, wherein the water filtering grid is arranged at the bottom of one side wall of the material storage tank, and the bottom of the material storage tank is inclined towards the water filtering grid.
Preferably, the bottom of the material storage tank is provided with a slope rate of 2 degrees, the size of the water filtering grids is 4mm multiplied by 38mm, the water filtering grids are formed by welding trapezoidal flat steel, the welded thickness is 20mm, the size of each water filtering grid is 400mm multiplied by 400mm, a plurality of water filtering grids are arranged along the bottom of the side wall of the material storage tank, and the center distance between every two adjacent water filtering grids is 1 m.
Preferably, the top of the crusher is provided with a receiving hopper, a hydraulic grab of the grab crane puts the grabbed materials into the receiving hopper, an included angle between a wall plate of the receiving hopper and the vertical direction is less than 45 degrees, the bottom of the crusher is provided with a discharge hole, the crusher adopts a double-shaft type opposite shearing crusher, double fan-shaped cutters are adopted, each cutter is provided with four teeth and is respectively positioned on two sides, a plurality of cutters are arranged on each shaft, the surfaces of the cutters are vertical to the axial direction, and the cutters on the two shafts are mutually overlapped.
Preferably, the drum screen is provided with a cylindrical screen arranged along the transverse direction in an inclined manner, the height of a feed inlet of the drum screen is higher than that of a material outlet, the screen is provided with a plurality of screen holes, cutters are arranged inside the screen and are vertical to the inner wall of the screen, when the cutters are correspondingly arranged, a plurality of cutters are uniformly arranged on the circumference of a certain inner wall provided with the cutters, a plurality of groups of cutters are arranged along the axial direction of the screen at intervals, and the distance between two adjacent groups of cutters is larger towards the material outlet of the screen; during the rolling process, plastic and fiber impurities on the oversize materials are continuously rolled out towards the material outlet direction by the drum screen and fall into the upper part of the oversize material belt conveyor, and are conveyed to a subsequent transport vehicle by the oversize material belt conveyor, and undersize material belt conveyors arranged below the drum screen can receive undersize materials screened by the drum screen and convey the undersize materials to a suspended magnetic separator for subsequent treatment by the undersize material belt conveyor.
The invention provides a pretreatment device for sorting organic matters in kitchen waste, which comprises a material storage tank, a grab bucket crane, a crusher, a belt conveyor, a rotary screen, a drum screen oversize belt conveyor, a drum screen undersize belt conveyor, a magnetic separator, a storage tank feeding belt conveyor and an organic matter storage tank, wherein the material storage tank is arranged on the top of the material storage tank;
the material storage tank is used for bearing garbage and filtering liquid in the garbage, the grab bucket crane is erected above the material storage tank and comprises a crane and a hydraulic grab bucket, the hydraulic grab bucket is movably arranged above a slide rail on a crane beam and used for grabbing materials from the material storage tank and putting the materials into a crusher, a belt conveyor is arranged below the crusher and used for conveying the materials to a drum screen, the material outlet side of the drum screen is connected with an oversize material belt conveyor, an undersize material belt conveyor is arranged below the drum screen and used for conveying undersize materials to a magnetic separator, and organic matters after magnetic separation are conveyed to the organic matter storage tank through the storage tank feeding belt conveyor and stored.
Preferably, in the first step, the garbage is filtered from the garbage in the material storage tank through a water filtering grid arranged at the bottom, wherein the water filtering grid is arranged at the bottom of one side wall of the material storage tank, and the bottom of the material storage tank is inclined towards the water filtering grid.
Preferably, the bottom of the material storage tank is provided with a slope rate of 2 degrees, the size of the water filtering grids is 4mm multiplied by 38mm, the water filtering grids are formed by welding trapezoidal flat steel, the welded thickness is 20mm, the size of each water filtering grid is 400mm multiplied by 400mm, a plurality of water filtering grids are arranged along the bottom of the side wall of the material storage tank, and the center distance between every two adjacent water filtering grids is 1 m.
Preferably, the top of the crusher is provided with a receiving hopper, a hydraulic grab of the grab crane puts the grabbed materials into the receiving hopper, an included angle between a wall plate of the receiving hopper and the vertical direction is less than 45 degrees, the bottom of the crusher is provided with a discharge hole, the crusher adopts a double-shaft type opposite shearing crusher, double fan-shaped cutters are adopted, each cutter is provided with four teeth and is respectively positioned on two sides, a plurality of cutters are arranged on each shaft, the surfaces of the cutters are vertical to the axial direction, and the cutters on the two shafts are mutually overlapped.
Preferably, the drum screen is provided with a cylindrical screen arranged along the transverse direction in an inclined manner, the height of a feed inlet of the drum screen is higher than that of a material outlet, the screen is provided with a plurality of screen holes, cutters are arranged inside the screen and are vertical to the inner wall of the screen, when the cutters are correspondingly arranged, a plurality of cutters are uniformly arranged on the circumference of a certain inner wall provided with the cutters, a plurality of groups of cutters are arranged along the axial direction of the screen at intervals, and the distance between two adjacent groups of cutters is larger towards the material outlet of the screen; during the rolling process, plastic and fiber impurities on the oversize materials are continuously rolled out towards the material outlet direction by the drum screen and fall into the upper part of the oversize material belt conveyor, and are conveyed to a subsequent transport vehicle by the oversize material belt conveyor, and undersize material belt conveyors arranged below the drum screen can receive undersize materials screened by the drum screen and convey the undersize materials to a suspended magnetic separator for subsequent treatment by the undersize material belt conveyor.
The invention has the following advantages:
the invention has good separation effect and low energy consumption and meets the requirements of raw materials.
According to the process, the grab bucket crane is preferably used for feeding, the feeding efficiency is high, and large garbage and interferents (mattresses, cabinets, chairs and the like) can be selected in the process of manually operating the grab bucket.
The process of the invention preferably adopts a hydraulic drive double-shaft crusher, and the crusher has large torque, stable performance and high treatment capacity.
The process of the invention preferentially selects the drum screen to sort the materials, and has high sorting efficiency and good sorting effect.
The process of the invention preferentially selects a suspension type magnetic separator to separate the materials, and the magnetic separator has high magnetic field intensity, strong adsorption force and good separation effect on ferrous metals.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a pretreatment apparatus provided in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a storage tank according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the construction of a water filtration grid according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the crusher of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the crusher tool of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a trommel according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the installation of a trommel cutter according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a flow chart of a pretreatment process provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
The invention provides a pretreatment process and a device for sorting organic matters in kitchen waste, wherein the structure of the device comprises the following components as shown in figure 1: the device comprises a material storage tank 1, a grab bucket crane 2, a crusher 3, a belt conveyor 4, a drum screen 5, an oversize belt conveyor 6, an undersize belt conveyor 7, a magnetic separator 8, a storage tank feeding belt conveyor 9 and an organic matter storage tank 10.
As shown in fig. 2, the material storage tank 1 is a tank body recessed below a ground 12, and is made of concrete and used for bearing garbage, the bottom of the tank body has a slope rate of 2 degrees, and a plurality of water filtering grids 11 (arranged at intervals) are arranged at the bottom of the side wall of the material storage tank 1 corresponding to the relatively lower bottom, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, a large number of water filtering grid holes are formed, the size of each water filtering grid hole is 4mm × 38mm, the water filtering grids 11 are formed by welding trapezoidal flat steel 13, the thickness after welding is generally 20mm, the size of each water filtering grid 11 is generally 400mm × 400mm, the center distance between the water filtering grids is 1m, liquid contained in garbage in the tank is filtered by the bottom with the slope rate and the water filtering grids 11, and green leaves can be sent to a sewage treatment system for treatment. The grab crane 2 is erected right above the material storage tank 1 and comprises a crane and a hydraulic grab, the hydraulic grab is arranged above a crane beam, a sliding rail for the hydraulic grab to east China is arranged above the beam, and when the grab moves to a proper position, the hydraulic grab is used for grabbing materials from the material storage tank 1.
The structure of breaker 3 is shown in fig. 4, set up in one side of material storage tank 1, its top has the hopper that connects, it has certain volume to connect the hopper, it is less than 45 with vertical direction contained angle to connect the hopper wallboard, to prevent that kitchen garbage from gluing on the wallboard, the bottom has the discharge gate, the breaker adopts biax formula to cutting the breaker, adopt two fan-shaped cutters, as shown in fig. 5, every cutter takes four teeth, be in both sides respectively, the cutter thickness is 80mm, every epaxial 8 cutters that set up, the plane of cutter is perpendicular with the axle, two epaxial cutters overlap each other, make the particle size of material after two epaxial cutters are broken be less than 250 mm. Its connect the hopper apart from the material storage tank 1 apart from satisfy the material that grab bucket crane 2 snatched and can put in to it connects the hopper, the below that connects the hopper is provided with belt conveyor 4, just connect the discharge gate of the below of hopper just to belt conveyor 4's one end top, make the material after the discharge gate goes out the bits of broken glass just in time fall to belt conveyor 4's one end, roll constantly to the other end transmission through the transmission band.
The drum screen 5 is arranged below the other end of the belt conveyor 4, the drum screen 5 is erected above the support, the drum screen 5 is provided with a cylindrical screen 15 which is inclined along the transverse direction (inclined angle is 2 degrees) and is provided with a large number of screen holes as shown in fig. 6, the diameter of each screen hole is generally 80mm, and the opening rate is larger than 60%, so that the screening efficiency can be improved, and the screen holes can be prevented from being blocked. The cutter 14 is arranged in the screen 15 of the rotary screen, the cutter 14 is perpendicular to the inner wall of the screen 15, the cutter 14 structurally comprises a rectangular part and a triangular part which are mutually formed into an integral structure, wherein the end part of the rectangular part is fixed with the inner wall of the screen 15, the triangular part faces to the inner cavity of the screen 15, the cutters 14 are uniformly distributed in the screen 15, generally, when the cutters are correspondingly arranged, a plurality of cutters are uniformly arranged on the circumference of a certain inner wall provided with the cutters 14, the cutters arranged on the circumference are called as a group of cutters, a plurality of groups of cutters are arranged along the axial direction of the screen, for example, 3 cutters are arranged on the circumference, the interval between each other is 120 degrees, generally, a plurality of groups of cutters are arranged along the axial direction of the screen, the interval between two adjacent groups of cutters is larger in the material outlet direction of the screen, for example, 5 groups of cutters are arranged, and the interval between the, 870mm, 1800mm and 3250mm (the whole length of the screen is 8000mm), plastic bags in the materials can be further torn by the arrangement of the cutters, and the oversize materials are mainly impurities such as braided fabrics, waste paper plastics and the like. A feed port at one side of the screen 15, which is butted with the belt conveyor 4 (the end of the belt conveyor 4 can be inserted into the screen 15 for a certain length to automatically drop the materials into the screen or manually feed the materials), can enable the materials to enter the screen for screening, and a material outlet is arranged at the other side, wherein, as shown in figure 6, the screen 5 is arranged along a certain inclination angle, generally the inclination angle is 5-10 degrees, wherein the height of the feed port is higher than that of the material outlet, so that the oversize material belt conveyor 6 enables the impurities such as plastics, fibers and the like on the screen to continuously roll out towards the material outlet in the rolling process to fall above the oversize material belt conveyor 6 below the material outlet, and then the oversize material belt conveyor 6 is conveyed to a subsequent transportation vehicle, and the undersize material belt conveyor 7 is arranged below the screen at a certain interval, enabling undersize materials screened by the drum screen 5 to fall at one end of an undersize material belt conveyor 7, and conveying the undersize material belt conveyor 7 to a suspended magnetic separator 8 for subsequent treatment; the oversize belt conveyor 6 and undersize belt conveyor 7 are two conveyors in different directions, for example, at 90 degrees to each other. The magnetic separator 8 can separate and recover ferrous metals, and send the materials (organic matters) subjected to magnetic separation to the organic matter storage tank 10 for temporary storage, and then the materials are conveyed to the dry anaerobic reactor for anaerobic fermentation. The organic matter storage tank 10 is made of concrete and arranged below the ground to store organic matters.
The invention provides a pretreatment process for sorting organic matters in kitchen waste, which specifically comprises the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: the kitchen waste collection and transportation vehicle discharges kitchen waste into a material storage tank 1, the waste percolates liquid in the material storage tank 1, the material storage tank 1 is made of concrete and is arranged below the ground, a water filtering grid is arranged at the bottom of one side wall and is used for filtering the liquid in the material, a grab crane 2 is arranged right above the material storage tank 1, the grab crane 2 comprises a crane and a hydraulic grab, rails are arranged on two sides of the grab crane 2, the grab can move along the rails, and after the grab moves to a proper position, the hydraulic grab is used for grabbing the material from the material storage tank 1 and throwing the material into a receiving hopper of a crusher 3;
step two: the top of the crusher 3 is provided with a receiving hopper with a certain volume, the grab bucket crane 1 sends the grabbed materials into the receiving hopper, the materials are crushed in the crusher 3, and the particle size of the materials after being crushed by the crusher 3 is less than 250 mm;
step three: the bottom of the crusher 3 is provided with a discharge port, one end of the belt conveyor 4 is arranged below the discharge port, and the belt conveyor 4 can convey the received crushed materials into a drum screen 5 at the other end of the belt conveyor 4 through rolling transmission;
step four, the screen holes of the drum screen 5 are 80mm, the drum screen 5 screens the materials sent by the belt conveyor 4, and screened impurities such as plastics, fibers and the like are conveyed to a subsequent transport vehicle through the screen-top belt conveyor 6; undersize is conveyed to the lower part of a suspended magnetic separator 8 by an undersize belt conveyor 7 for processing;
step five: the magnetic separator 8 magnetically separates undersize materials conveyed by the undersize material belt conveyor 7, separates and recovers ferrous metals, and conveys materials (organic matters) subjected to the magnetic separation in addition to the iron metals into the organic matter storage tank 10, wherein the organic matter storage tank 10 is made of concrete and arranged below the ground for storing the organic matters.
The raw material (garbage) in the material storage tank 1 comprises the following components:
the invention designs the following control parameters in the process of the process method:
the organic matter storage tank 10 treated by the process comprises the following components:
| serial number | Index name | Unit of | |
| 1 | Organic matter content | ％ | 60-80 |
| 2 | Content of easy deposit greater than 2 mm | ％ | 0-10 |
| 3 | Average size (diameter) of materials | mm | 0-80 |
| 4 | No more than 10% of long strip-shaped component | mm | 0-250 |
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A pretreatment process for sorting organic matters in kitchen waste is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: grabbing the garbage loaded in the material storage pool by a grab crane and throwing the garbage into a crusher;
step two: crushing the materials in a crusher;
step three: the crushed materials are discharged from the crusher and then are conveyed to a drum screen through a belt conveyor;
step four: screening the materials in a drum screen, wherein oversize materials after screening are conveyed to a subsequent transport vehicle through an oversize material belt conveyor; conveying the undersize products to a suspension type magnetic separator for treatment through an undersize product belt conveyor;
step five: the magnetic separator magnetically separates the undersize materials, iron metals are separated and recovered, and the magnetically separated organic matters are conveyed to an organic matter storage pool;
the rotary screen is provided with a cylindrical screen mesh which is obliquely arranged along the transverse direction, the height of a feeding hole of the rotary screen mesh is higher than that of a material outlet, the screen mesh is provided with a plurality of screen holes, the opening rate is more than 60%, a cutter is arranged in the screen mesh, the cutter structure comprises a rectangular part and a triangular part which are mutually formed into an integral structure, the end part of the rectangular part is fixed with the inner wall of the screen mesh, and the triangular part faces to the inner part of a cavity of the screen mesh;
the cutters are perpendicular to the inner wall of the screen, when the cutters are correspondingly arranged, a plurality of cutters are uniformly arranged on the circumference of one inner wall provided with the cutters, a plurality of groups of cutters are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the screen, and the more the cutter is towards the material outlet direction of the screen, the larger the distance between two adjacent groups of cutters is;
during the rolling process of the drum screen, plastic and fiber impurities on the oversize materials are continuously rolled out towards the material outlet direction and fall onto the oversize material belt conveyor and are conveyed to a subsequent transport vehicle through the oversize material belt conveyor, and undersize material belt conveyors arranged below the drum screen can receive undersize materials screened by the drum screen and convey the undersize materials to a suspended magnetic separator for subsequent treatment through the undersize material belt conveyor;
in the first step, the garbage is filtered to remove liquid in the garbage in the material storage tank through a water filtering grid arranged at the bottom, wherein the water filtering grid is arranged at the bottom of the side wall of one side of the material storage tank, and the bottom of the material storage tank is obliquely arranged towards the direction of the water filtering grid;
the bottom of material storage pond has 2 slope rates, drainage grid pore size is 4mm x 38mm, and the drainage grid adopts trapezoidal band steel welding to form, and welded thickness is 20mm, and the size of every drainage grid is 400mm x 400mm, sets up a plurality of drainage grids along material storage pond lateral wall bottom, and the interaxial distance between two adjacent drainage grids is 1 m.
2. The pretreatment process for organic matter separation of kitchen waste according to claim 1, wherein a receiving hopper is arranged at the top of the crusher, a hydraulic grab bucket of a grab crane is used for placing the grabbed materials into the receiving hopper, an included angle between a wall plate of the receiving hopper and the vertical direction is less than 45 degrees, a discharge hole is formed in the bottom of the crusher, the crusher adopts a double-shaft type double-shear crusher, double fan-shaped cutters are adopted, each cutter is provided with four teeth and are respectively arranged on two sides, a plurality of cutters are arranged on each shaft, the surfaces of the cutters are perpendicular to the axial direction, and the cutters on the two shafts are mutually overlapped.
3. A pretreatment device for sorting organic matters in kitchen waste is characterized by comprising a material storage tank, a grab bucket crane, a crusher, a belt conveyor, a rotary screen, a drum screen oversize belt conveyor, a drum screen undersize belt conveyor, a magnetic separator, a storage tank feeding belt conveyor and an organic matter storage tank;
the material storage tank is used for bearing garbage and filtering liquid in the garbage, the grab bucket crane is arranged above the material storage tank and comprises a crane and a hydraulic grab bucket, the hydraulic grab bucket is movably arranged above a slide rail on a crane beam and grabs the material from the material storage tank through the hydraulic grab bucket and puts the material into a crusher, a belt conveyor is arranged below the crusher and transmits the material to a drum screen through the belt conveyor, the material outlet side of the drum screen is connected with an oversize material belt conveyor, an undersize material belt conveyor is arranged below the drum screen and transmits the undersize material to a magnetic separator, and the magnetically-separated organic matter is transmitted to the organic matter storage tank through the storage tank feeding belt conveyor and stored;
the rotary screen is provided with a cylindrical screen mesh which is obliquely arranged along the transverse direction, the height of a feeding hole of the rotary screen mesh is higher than that of a material outlet, the screen mesh is provided with a plurality of screen holes, the opening rate is more than 60%, a cutter is arranged in the screen mesh, the cutter structure comprises a rectangular part and a triangular part which are mutually formed into an integral structure, the end part of the rectangular part is fixed with the inner wall of the screen mesh, and the triangular part faces to the inner part of a cavity of the screen mesh;
the cutters are perpendicular to the inner wall of the screen, when the cutters are correspondingly arranged, a plurality of cutters are uniformly arranged on the circumference of one inner wall provided with the cutters, a plurality of groups of cutters are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the screen, and the more the cutter is towards the material outlet direction of the screen, the larger the distance between two adjacent groups of cutters is;
during the rolling process of the drum screen, plastic and fiber impurities on the oversize materials are continuously rolled out towards the material outlet direction and fall onto the oversize material belt conveyor and are conveyed to a subsequent transport vehicle through the oversize material belt conveyor, and undersize material belt conveyors arranged below the drum screen can receive undersize materials screened by the drum screen and convey the undersize materials to a suspended magnetic separator for subsequent treatment through the undersize material belt conveyor;
the garbage is filtered to remove liquid in the garbage in the material storage tank through a water filtering grid arranged at the bottom of the material storage tank, wherein the water filtering grid is arranged at the bottom of the side wall of one side of the material storage tank, and the bottom of the material storage tank is obliquely arranged towards the direction of the water filtering grid;
the bottom of material storage pond has 2 slope rates, drainage grid pore size is 4mm x 38mm, and the drainage grid adopts trapezoidal band steel welding to form, and welded thickness is 20mm, and the size of every drainage grid is 400mm x 400mm, sets up a plurality of drainage grids along material storage pond lateral wall bottom, and the interaxial distance between two adjacent drainage grids is 1 m.
4. The pretreatment device for organic matter separation of kitchen waste according to claim 3, wherein a receiving hopper is arranged at the top of the crusher, a hydraulic grab bucket of a grab crane is used for placing the grabbed materials into the receiving hopper, an included angle between a wall plate of the receiving hopper and the vertical direction is less than 45 degrees, a discharge hole is formed in the bottom of the crusher, the crusher adopts a double-shaft type double-shear crusher, double fan-shaped cutters are adopted, each cutter is provided with four teeth and are respectively arranged on two sides, a plurality of cutters are arranged on each shaft, the surfaces of the cutters are perpendicular to the axial direction, and the cutters on the two shafts are mutually overlapped.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910423996.XA CN110142124B (en) | 2019-05-21 | 2019-05-21 | Pretreatment process and device for sorting organic matters in kitchen waste |
| PCT/CN2019/117047 WO2020232996A1 (en) | 2019-05-21 | 2019-11-11 | Pretreatment process and apparatus for sorting organic matter of kitchen waste |
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| CN201910423996.XA CN110142124B (en) | 2019-05-21 | 2019-05-21 | Pretreatment process and device for sorting organic matters in kitchen waste |
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| CN110142124B true CN110142124B (en) | 2020-12-22 |
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| CN110142124B (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2020-12-22 | 北京高能时代环境技术股份有限公司 | Pretreatment process and device for sorting organic matters in kitchen waste |
| CN111069245A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-04-28 | 浙江华力环境科技有限公司 | Kitchen waste treatment process |
| CN112845198B (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2023-02-21 | 上海睿聚环保科技有限公司 | Method for recycling and sorting waste and old sundry plastics |
| CN113458124B (en) * | 2021-07-26 | 2024-05-28 | 中国环境保护集团有限公司 | Kitchen waste treatment system and method |
| CN114918227B (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2023-08-04 | 湖南仁和环保科技有限公司 | Anaerobic fermentation pretreatment system for kitchen waste |
| CN115958038A (en) * | 2022-11-24 | 2023-04-14 | 中船重工环境工程有限公司 | Treatment system and treatment method for fruit and vegetable garbage |
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| ES8406235A1 (en) * | 1983-01-10 | 1984-08-01 | Enrique Carbonell Serra | Process for the treatment of municipal refuse and plant for its execution |
| CN102671854B (en) * | 2012-05-07 | 2014-12-24 | 四川川润环保能源科技有限公司 | Two-section drum screen for municipal domestic waste |
| CN106694509A (en) * | 2015-08-11 | 2017-05-24 | 李智路 | Rotary screen type municipal waste transfer station classifying, sorting and sealing system |
| CN105080937B (en) * | 2015-08-27 | 2017-07-14 | 浙江大学 | The homogeneous removal of impurities integrated apparatus of scale garbage and its processing method |
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