WO2020232996A1

WO2020232996A1 - Pretreatment process and apparatus for sorting organic matter of kitchen waste

Info

Publication number: WO2020232996A1
Application number: PCT/CN2019/117047
Authority: WO
Inventors: 杜港; 甄胜利; 陈君; 陈雨; 凌锦明; 齐长青; 杨庆彬; 赵丽
Original assignee: 北京高能时代环境技术股份有限公司
Priority date: 2019-05-21
Filing date: 2019-11-11
Publication date: 2020-11-26
Also published as: CN110142124B; CN110142124A

Abstract

A pretreatment process and apparatus for sorting the organic matter of kitchen waste. The pretreatment process comprises the following steps: storing material in a storage tank (1) and filtering liquid; transporting the material to a crusher (3) by a grab crane (2); crushing the material by the crusher (3); conveying the crushed material to a drum screen (5); and sorting out oversize material such as waste paper, woven fabric, and plastic in the material by the drum screen (5) for outbound incineration or landfill, conveying the screened undersize material to a magnetic separator (8), and sorting and recovering the magnetic metal in the material by the magnetic separator (8), the material subjected to magnetic separation being organic matter and being conveyed to an organic matter storage tank (10) for subsequent fermentation in a dry anaerobic system. The process has the advantages of high material separation rate and simple system, and can satisfy the requirements of subsequent dry anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste.

Description

Pretreatment process and device for sorting organic matter of kitchen waste

Technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of food waste treatment, and specifically relates to a pretreatment process and device for sorting organic matter of urban kitchen waste, which has good sorting effect, wide feed range, simple system, low energy consumption, safe and reliable operation, The maintenance and operation are simple and convenient.

Background technique

With the economic and social development and the substantial increase in material consumption, the amount of domestic waste generated in my country is increasing rapidly, and environmental hazards have become increasingly prominent, which has become a constraint on the development of new urbanization. Following the principles of reduction, recycling, and harmlessness, the implementation of household waste classification can effectively improve the urban and rural environment, promote resource recycling, accelerate the construction of a "two-oriented society", and improve the quality of new urbanization and the level of ecological civilization.

Food waste (organic solid waste) mainly includes: organic waste generated by related units canteens, hotels, restaurants, living quarters, etc., vegetable and fruit waste, rotten meat, meat fragments, eggshells, and livestock Poultry product offal, etc.

Kitchen waste is not suitable for direct landfill and incineration due to its perishable, smelly, and biodegradable characteristics. At present, the treatment of kitchen waste (organic solid waste) is mainly based on anaerobic fermentation. However, because the waste contains a certain amount of impurities and cannot directly enter the anaerobic system, pretreatment is required to sort the organic matter in the kitchen waste come out.

Summary of the invention

In view of the problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a pretreatment process and device for sorting kitchen waste organic matter. The materials are divided into woven fabrics, waste paper and plastics by coarse crushing, screening, and magnetic separation. Other impurities, magnetic metals and organic matter, among which impurities such as woven fabrics, waste paper, plastics are transported and incinerated or landfilled, magnetic metals are recovered, and organic matter enters the subsequent dry anaerobic system for fermentation.

The present invention provides a pretreatment process for sorting organic matter of kitchen waste, including the following processes:

Step 1: Grab the garbage carried in the material storage tank by the grab crane and put it into the crusher;

Step 2: The material is crushed in the crusher;

Step 3: After the crushed material is discharged from the crusher, it is conveyed to the drum screen by a belt conveyor;

Step 4: The material is sieved in the trommel screen, where the sieved material is conveyed to the subsequent transportation vehicle by the over-sieve belt conveyor; the under-sieve is conveyed to the suspension magnetic by the under-sieve belt conveyor Processing under the selected machine;

Step 5: The magnetic separator performs magnetic separation on the under-sieve, separates and recovers ferrous metals, and transports the magnetically separated organic matter to the organic matter storage tank.

Preferably, in the first step, the garbage in the material storage tank is filtered to remove the liquid in the garbage through a water filter grid provided at the bottom, wherein the water filter grid is provided at the bottom of one side wall of the material storage tank, and the material The bottom of the storage tank is inclined and arranged toward the water filter grid.

Preferably, the bottom of the material storage pool has a slope rate of 2°, the filter grid hole size is 4mm×38mm, and the filter grid is welded by trapezoidal flat steel, and the thickness after welding is 20mm. The size of the water filter grid is 400mmx400mm. A number of water filter grids are arranged along the bottom of the side wall of the material storage tank, and the center distance between two adjacent water filter grids is 1m.

Preferably, the top of the crusher has a receiving hopper, the hydraulic grab of the grab crane puts the grabbed materials into the receiving hopper, and the angle between the wall of the receiving hopper and the vertical direction is less than 45°, and the bottom of the crusher has an outlet For the material port, the crusher adopts a double-shaft counter-shear crusher. It uses double-sector cutters. Each cutter has four teeth, which are located on both sides. Each shaft is equipped with multiple cutters. The surface of the cutter is perpendicular to the axial direction. The tools on the shaft overlap each other.

Preferably, the trommel screen has a cylindrical screen arranged obliquely along the transverse direction, the height of the feed inlet is higher than the height of the material outlet, the screen has a plurality of sieve holes, and the inside of the screen is provided with knives and The inner wall of the screen is vertical. Correspondingly, when the knives are set, a plurality of knives are evenly arranged on a certain inner wall circumference of the knives, and a plurality of sets of knives are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the screen, and toward the material outlet direction of the screen, The larger the distance between the adjacent two sets of cutters; during the rolling process of the trommel screen, the plastic and fiber impurities on the screen are continuously rolled out in the direction of the material outlet and fall onto the top of the screen on the belt conveyor. The conveyor is transported to the subsequent transportation vehicles, and the under-sieve belt conveyor installed under the trommel can receive the under-sieve dropped by the trommel, and transfer it to the suspension magnetic separation by the under-sieve belt conveyor Follow-up processing in the machine.

The invention provides a pretreatment device for sorting kitchen waste organic matter, which includes a material storage tank, a grab crane, a crusher, a belt conveyor, a drum screen, a drum screen, a belt conveyor, and a drum Belt conveyor, magnetic separator, storage tank feed belt conveyor and organic material storage tank;

The material storage tank is used to carry garbage and filter out the liquid in the garbage. The grab crane is erected above the material storage pool and includes a crane and a hydraulic grab. The hydraulic grab moves the slide set on the crane beam Above the rail, the material is grabbed from the material storage tank by a hydraulic grab and put into the crusher. A belt conveyor is arranged below the crusher, and the material is transferred to the roller screen through the belt conveyor. The outlet side is connected to a belt conveyor for the over-screen material, and an under-screen material belt conveyor is arranged under the trommel. The under-screen material belt conveyor transmits the under-screen material to the magnetic separator, and the organic matter after magnetic separation passes through the storage The feeding tank is conveyed by a belt conveyor to the organic material storage tank for storage.

The invention has the following advantages:

The process of the invention has good separation effect, low energy consumption and low raw material requirements.

The process of the present invention preferentially selects a grab crane for feeding, and the feeding efficiency is high, and large garbage and interference objects (mattresses, cabinets, chairs, etc.) can be selected during the process of manually operating the grab.

The process of the invention preferentially selects a hydraulically driven double-shaft crusher, which has large torque, stable performance and high processing capacity.

The process of the invention preferentially selects a roller screen to sort materials, and has high sorting efficiency and good sorting effect.

The process of the present invention preferentially selects a suspension magnetic separator to separate materials. The magnetic separator has high magnetic field strength, strong adsorption force, and good separation effect for ferrous metals.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pretreatment device provided by the present invention;

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the storage tank in the present invention;

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the water filter grid in the present invention;

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the crusher in the present invention;

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cutter of the crusher of the present invention;

Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the drum screen in the present invention;

Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the trommel cutter in the present invention;

Figure 8 is a flow chart of the pretreatment process provided by the present invention.

Detailed ways

In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments It is a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that the terms "installation", "connection", and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited. For example, they may be fixed connections or alternatively. Detachable connection, or integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication between two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meaning of the above-mentioned terms in the present invention can be understood in specific situations.

The present invention provides a pretreatment process and device for sorting organic matter of kitchen waste. The structure of the device as shown in Figure 1 includes: material storage tank 1, grab crane 2, crusher 3, belt conveyor Machine 4, trommel 5, over-screen material belt conveyor 6, under-screen material belt conveyor 7, magnetic separator 8, storage tank feed belt conveyor 9, organic material storage tank 10.

As shown in Figure 2, the material storage tank 1 is a pool body recessed below the ground 12, which is made of concrete and is used to carry garbage. Its bottom has a slope of 2° and is located at a relatively low bottom. Corresponding to the bottom of the side wall of the material storage tank 1, there is a water filter grid 11 (several at intervals), as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, with a large number of filter grid holes, the size of the filter grid hole is 4mm×38mm, The water grid 11 is welded by trapezoidal flat steel 13, the thickness after welding is generally 20mm, the size of each water filter grid 11 is generally 400mmx400mm, the center spacing between the water filter grids is 1m, and the garbage contained in the pool The liquid is filtered through the bottom with a slope rate and the water filter grid 11, and the green leaves can be sent to the sewage treatment system for treatment. The grab crane 2 is erected directly above the material storage tank 1. It includes a crane and a hydraulic grab. The hydraulic grab is set above the crane beam, and above the beam is provided with a slide rail for the hydraulic grab East China. After the bucket is moved to a suitable position, a hydraulic grab is used to grab the material from the material storage tank 1.

The structure of the crusher 3 is shown in Fig. 4, which is set on one side of the material storage tank 1, and has a receiving hopper on the top. The receiving hopper has a certain volume, and the angle between the wall of the receiving hopper and the vertical direction is less than 45° to prevent food waste from sticking to the wall panel. The bottom has a discharge port. The crusher adopts a double-shaft counter-shear crusher and a double-sector cutter. As shown in Figure 5, each cutter has four teeth. They are on both sides, the thickness of the tool is 80mm, and each axis is equipped with 8 tools. The plane of the tool is perpendicular to the axis. The tools on the two axes overlap each other, so that the material is broken by the tools on the two axes. The diameter is less than 250mm. The distance between the receiving hopper and the material storage tank 1 meets the requirement that the material grabbed by the grab crane 2 can be put into the receiving hopper. A belt conveyor 4 is arranged below the receiving hopper, and below the receiving hopper The discharging port is directly above one end of the belt conveyor 4, so that the crushed material from the discharging port falls to one end of the belt conveyor 4 and is continuously transferred to the other end through the rolling of the conveyor belt.

A drum screen 5 is provided below the other end of the belt conveyor 4, and the drum screen 5 is erected above the bracket. The structure of the drum screen 5 is shown in FIG. ) The cylindrical screen 15 is provided with a large number of screen holes. The diameter of the screen holes is generally 80mm, and the opening rate is more than 60%, which can improve the screening efficiency and prevent the screen holes from being blocked. A cutter 14 is arranged inside the screen 15 of the trommel. The cutter 14 is perpendicular to the inner wall of the screen 15. The structure of the cutter 14 is shown in FIG. 7. The structure includes a rectangular part and a triangular part formed as an integral structure. The end of the rectangular part Fixed with the inner wall of the screen 15, the triangular part faces the cavity of the screen 15, and the cutters 14 are evenly distributed in the screen 15. Generally, when the cutters are arranged correspondingly, they are evenly arranged on a certain inner wall circumference of the cutter 14 A tool, the tool set on the circle is called a group of tools, and multiple groups of tools are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the screen. For example, three tools are arranged in a circle, and the distance between each other is 120°. Multiple sets of cutters are arranged at the axial interval of the screen. The closer to the material outlet direction of the screen, the larger the distance between the adjacent two sets of cutters. 870mm, 1800mm and 3250mm (the overall length of the screen is 8000mm), the plastic bags in the material can be further torn by the above knife settings, and the screens are mainly woven fabrics, waste paper, plastics and other impurities. The feeding port on one side of the screen 15 which is buttted with the belt conveyor 4 (the end of the belt conveyor 4 can be probed into the screen 15 for a certain length to realize the automatic fall of the material in the screen, or through Manual feeding), which can make the material enter the screen for sieving, and the other side is the material outlet. As shown in Figure 6, the screen 5 is set along a certain inclination angle, generally the inclination angle is 5- 10°, where the height of the feed inlet is higher than the height of the material outlet, so that the oversize belt conveyor 6 makes the oversize material plastic, fiber and other impurities continuously roll out toward the material outlet direction during the rolling process It enters above the over-screen material belt conveyor 6 below the material outlet, and then is transported to the subsequent transportation vehicle by the over-screen material belt conveyor 6, and the under-screen material belt conveyor is arranged at certain intervals under the screen The machine 7 makes the under-screen material sifted through the drum screen 5 fall on one end of the under-screen material belt conveyor 7, and is transferred to the suspension magnetic separator 8 through the under-screen material belt conveyor 7 for subsequent processing The impurity through the sieve belt conveyor 6 and under the sieve belt conveyor 7 are two conveyors in different directions, such as 90 degrees to each other. The magnetic separator 8 can separate and recover ferrous metals, and send the magnetically separated materials (organic matter) to the organic matter storage tank 10 for temporary storage, and then be transported to the dry type. The anaerobic reactor performs anaerobic fermentation. The organic matter storage tank 10 is made of concrete and is set below the ground for storing organic matter.

The present invention provides a pretreatment process for sorting organic matter of kitchen waste, as shown in Fig. 8, which specifically includes the following process steps:

Step 1: The food waste collection truck unloads the food waste into the material storage tank 1. The waste infiltrates the liquid in the material storage tank 1. The material storage tank 1 is made of concrete and set below the ground , The bottom of the side wall on one side is provided with a water filter grid to filter out the liquid in the material. The grab crane 2 is installed directly above the material storage tank 1. The grab crane 2 includes a crane and a hydraulic grab. The crane 2 is equipped with rails on both sides, and the grab can move along the rail. After moving to a suitable position, the hydraulic grab is used to grab the material from the material storage tank 1 and put it into the receiving hopper of the crusher 3;

Step 2: The top of the crusher 3 has a receiving hopper with a certain volume. After the grab crane 1 sends the picked up materials into the receiving hopper, the materials are crushed inside the crusher 3, and the particle size of the material is crushed by the crusher 3. Less than 250mm;

Step 3: The bottom of the crusher 3 has a discharging port, and the bottom of the discharging port is opposite to one end of the belt conveyor 4. The belt conveyor 4 can transfer the caught crushed materials to the belt conveyor by rolling transmission 4 In the drum screen 5 at the other end;

Step 4. The trommel 5 has a sieve hole of 80mm, and the trommel 5 sieving the materials sent by the belt conveyor 4, wherein the sieved plastic, fiber and other impurities are passed through the sieve belt. The conveyor 6 is transported to the subsequent transportation vehicle; the under-screen material is conveyed under the under-screen material belt conveyor 7 to the suspension magnetic separator 8 for processing;

Step 5: The magnetic separator 8 performs magnetic separation on the under-sieve conveyed by the under-sieve belt conveyor 7, and separates and recovers the ferrous metals. ) Is sent to an organic material storage tank 10, which is made of concrete and is set below the ground for storage of organic material.

The raw material (garbage) components in the material storage tank 1:

The control parameters designed in the process of the present invention:

序号Serial number	指标名称Indicator name	单位unit	数值Value
11	处理后厨余垃圾粒径(90％物料)Food waste particle size after treatment (90% material)	mmmm	≤80≤80
22	颗粒直径大于250mm长条物质去除率Removal rate of long strips with particle diameter greater than 250mm	％%	≥90≥90
33	滚筒筛分筛工序有机质损失Organic matter loss in drum screening process	％%	≤10≤10

4

Iron metal removal rate

%

≥90

The material components in the organic matter storage tank 10 after being processed by the process of the present invention:

序号Serial number	指标名称Indicator name	单位unit	数值Value
11	有机物含量Organic content	％%	60-8060-80
22	大于2毫米的易沉积物含量Easy deposit content greater than 2 mm	％%	0-100-10
33	物料的平均尺寸(直径)Average size of material (diameter)	mmmm	0-800-80
44	不超过10％的长条型成分No more than 10% of long strip ingredients	mmmm	0-2500-250

The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc., made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

A pretreatment process for sorting kitchen waste organic matter, which is characterized in that it includes the following processes:

Step 1: Grab the garbage carried in the material storage tank by the grab crane and put it into the crusher;

Step 2: The material is crushed in the crusher;

Step 3: After the crushed material is discharged from the crusher, it is conveyed to the drum screen by a belt conveyor;

Step 4: The material is sieved in the trommel screen, where the sieved material is conveyed to the subsequent transportation vehicle by the over-sieve belt conveyor; the under-sieve is conveyed to the suspension magnetic by the under-sieve belt conveyor Processing under the selected machine;

Step 5: The magnetic separator performs magnetic separation on the under-sieve, separates and recovers ferrous metals, and transports the magnetically separated organic matter to the organic matter storage tank.
The pretreatment process for sorting kitchen waste organic matter according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the first step, the waste is filtered out of the waste in the material storage tank through a water filter grid provided at the bottom. , Wherein the water filter grid is arranged at the bottom of one side wall of the material storage tank, and the bottom of the material storage tank is inclined to the direction of the water filter grid.
The pretreatment process for sorting kitchen waste organic matter according to claim 2, wherein the bottom of the material storage tank has a slope rate of 2°, and the filter grid hole size is 4mm×38mm, And the filter grid is welded by trapezoidal flat steel, the thickness after welding is 20mm, the size of each water filter grid is 400mmx400mm, and a plurality of water filter grids are arranged along the bottom of the side wall of the material storage tank, two adjacent to each other. The center spacing between the two water filter grids is 1m.
The pretreatment process for sorting kitchen waste organic matter according to claim 1, wherein the crusher has a receiving hopper on the top, and the hydraulic grab of the grab crane puts the grabbed materials into the receiving hopper , The angle between the wall of the receiving hopper and the vertical direction is less than 45°. The bottom of the crusher has a discharge port. The crusher adopts a double-shaft counter-shear crusher. It adopts double-sector cutters. Each cutter has four teeth. On both sides, multiple tools are arranged on each axis, the surface of the tool is perpendicular to the axis, and the tools on the two axes overlap each other.
The pretreatment process for sorting kitchen waste organic matter according to claim 1, wherein the trommel has a cylindrical screen arranged obliquely along the transverse direction, and the height of the inlet is higher than that of the material. The height of the outlet, the screen has multiple sieve holes, the inside of the screen is provided with knives, and the knives are perpendicular to the inner wall of the sieve. Multiple sets of knives are arranged at the axial interval of the screen, and the closer to the material outlet direction of the screen, the larger the distance between the adjacent two sets of knives; during the rolling process of the trommel screen, the plastic and fiber impurities on the screen continue to the direction of the material outlet The over-screen material that rolls out and falls above the belt conveyor is conveyed to the subsequent transportation vehicle by the over-screen material belt conveyor, while the under-screen material belt conveyor set under the trommel can take the sieve through the trommel The dropped sieve is conveyed to the suspension magnetic separator through the sieve belt conveyor for subsequent processing.
A pretreatment device for sorting kitchen waste organic matter, which is characterized in that it includes a material storage tank, a grab crane, a crusher, a belt conveyor, a roller screen, a drum screen and a belt conveyor, Belt conveyor, magnetic separator, storage tank feed belt conveyor and organic material storage tank;

The material storage tank is used to carry garbage and filter out the liquid in the garbage. The grab crane is erected above the material storage pool and includes a crane and a hydraulic grab. The hydraulic grab moves the slide set on the crane beam Above the rail, the material is grabbed from the material storage tank by a hydraulic grab and put into the crusher. A belt conveyor is arranged below the crusher, and the material is transferred to the roller screen through the belt conveyor. The outlet side is connected to a belt conveyor for the over-screen material, and an under-screen material belt conveyor is arranged under the trommel. The under-screen material belt conveyor transmits the under-screen material to the magnetic separator, and the organic matter after magnetic separation passes through the storage The feeding tank is conveyed by a belt conveyor to the organic material storage tank for storage.
The pretreatment device for sorting kitchen waste organic matter according to claim 6, characterized in that, in the first step, the waste is filtered out of the waste in the material storage tank through a water filter grid provided at the bottom. , Wherein the water filter grid is arranged at the bottom of one side wall of the material storage tank, and the bottom of the material storage tank is inclined to the direction of the water filter grid.
The pretreatment device for sorting kitchen waste organic matter according to claim 7, wherein the bottom of the material storage tank has a slope rate of 2°, and the filter grid hole size is 4mm×38mm, And the filter grid is welded by trapezoidal flat steel, the thickness after welding is 20mm, the size of each water filter grid is 400mmx400mm, and a plurality of water filter grids are arranged along the bottom of the side wall of the material storage tank, two adjacent to each other. The center spacing between the two water filter grids is 1m.
The pretreatment device for sorting kitchen waste organic matter according to claim 6, wherein the crusher has a receiving hopper on the top, and the hydraulic grab of the grab crane puts the grabbed materials into the receiving hopper. , The angle between the wall of the receiving hopper and the vertical direction is less than 45°. The bottom of the crusher has a discharge port. The crusher adopts a double-shaft counter-shear crusher. It adopts double-sector cutters. Each cutter has four teeth. On both sides, multiple tools are arranged on each axis, the surface of the tool is perpendicular to the axis, and the tools on the two axes overlap each other.
The pretreatment device for sorting kitchen waste organic matter according to claim 6, wherein the trommel has a cylindrical screen arranged obliquely along the transverse direction, and the height of the inlet is higher than that of the material. The height of the outlet, the screen has multiple sieve holes, the inside of the screen is provided with knives, and the knives are perpendicular to the inner wall of the sieve. Multiple sets of knives are arranged at the axial interval of the screen, and the closer to the material outlet direction of the screen, the larger the distance between the adjacent two sets of knives; during the rolling process of the trommel screen, the plastic and fiber impurities on the screen continue to the direction of the material outlet The over-screen material that rolls out and falls above the belt conveyor is conveyed to the subsequent transportation vehicle by the over-screen material belt conveyor, while the under-screen material belt conveyor set under the trommel can take the sieve through the trommel The dropped sieve is conveyed to the suspension magnetic separator through the sieve belt conveyor for subsequent processing.