CN110841913B

CN110841913B - Domestic waste's pretreatment systems

Info

Publication number: CN110841913B
Application number: CN201810953528.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨健
Original assignee: Sichuan Hehai Environmental Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Yunnan Huabo Rongzhi Industry And Trade Group Co ltd
Priority date: 2018-08-21
Filing date: 2018-08-21
Publication date: 2021-12-10
Anticipated expiration: 2038-08-21
Also published as: CN110841913A

Abstract

The invention provides a pretreatment system for household garbage, which includes a multifunctional manual sorting belt conveyor for picking out large items, glass and metal objects, and the remaining garbage enters a household garbage breaking bag breaking device; The broken bag breaking device is used to take out the garbage from the packaging bag and break it up and send it to the domestic waste crusher; the domestic waste crusher is used to crush the garbage and send it to the domestic waste drum screen; the domestic waste drum screen is used for It is used to send the under sieve obtained by garbage screening to the domestic garbage air separation and separation device; and the domestic garbage air separation and separation device, which is used to separate the garbage by air selection and send it to the subsequent process for use. The present invention has been proved to be effective in practice, has a high degree of pretreatment and classification, can be used for industrialization in the domestic waste treatment industry, and is suitable for a daily waste treatment capacity of 100-300 tons.

Description

Domestic waste's pretreatment systems

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of household garbage treatment, in particular to a household garbage pretreatment system.

Background

For a long time, municipal waste in China is mainly digested by adopting a sanitary landfill or simple composting method; along with the increase of population and the rapid expansion of urban scale, landfill land of a plurality of cities is more and more tense, municipal departments in various regions also start to look to the mode of landfill after incineration with larger reduction degree, but because the construction and the operation cost of the incineration project are expensive, the generated harmful gas is difficult to control, and another way has to be found; the comprehensive treatment process for recycling the household garbage is developed more and more mature after years of development, and becomes a necessary way for treating the household garbage and the agricultural and animal husbandry wastes in the future. The comprehensive household garbage recycling treatment process firstly requires sorting and classifying the household garbage, namely pre-sorting the household garbage into: metal, glass, plastic, organic matter, inorganic matter and combustible matter, and then are respectively processed and utilized.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a household garbage pretreatment system with high classification degree.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

the invention provides a pretreatment system of household garbage, which comprises

The multifunctional manual sorting belt conveyor is used for picking large articles, glass and metal articles, and the rest garbage enters the household garbage bag breaking and scattering device;

the household garbage bag breaking and scattering device is used for taking out garbage from the packaging bag, scattering the garbage and then sending the garbage into the household garbage crusher;

the household garbage crusher is used for crushing garbage and then sending the crushed garbage into the household garbage drum sieve;

the household garbage drum sieve is used for conveying the undersize products obtained by sieving the garbage into the household garbage winnowing and separating device; and

the household garbage winnowing and separating device is used for winnowing and separating garbage and sending the garbage to a subsequent process for utilization;

the multifunctional manual sorting belt conveyor comprises a rack, a permanent magnet roller, a driven roller, a belt, a bouncing roller and a sweeper; the belt is sleeved on the permanent magnet roller and the driven roller; the bouncing roller is fixed on the frame, is arranged on the inner surface of the lower belt and comprises a cam shaft and a cam, and the cam is axially fixed on the cam shaft; the cam is in contact with the surface of the belt within a certain angle range; the sweeper is fixed on the rack and comprises a clamping plate shaft, clamping plates and a rubber plate, wherein the clamping plates are axially fixed on the clamping plate shaft, the rubber plate is fixed between the two clamping plates and extends out of the clamping plates, and the rubber plate is in surface contact with the belt at a certain angle.

The household garbage bag breaking and scattering device comprises a rack, a box body, a feeding hole, a discharging hole, a combined blade and an airflow backflow plate; the box body is arranged on the rack, the combined blade is fixed on the transmission shaft, the transmission shaft is connected to the box body in a rolling mode, the airflow backflow plate is arranged on the side wall of the feeding hole, and the combined blade is composed of a plurality of knife rests and blades hinged to the two ends of the knife rests.

The household garbage rotary screen comprises a frame, a plurality of screen meshes and a first transmission device which are sequentially connected; the plurality of screens are supported by a plurality of pairs of supporting rollers arranged on two sides of the lower part of the screens, and the supporting rollers are fixed on the frame; the plurality of screens are driven by a first transmission; the apertures of the plurality of screens are increased progressively along the material running direction, and a spirally-advancing material conveying plate is arranged inside the plurality of screens; a friction wheel is arranged on the output shaft of the first transmission device; and friction rings are arranged on the screen mesh at positions corresponding to the friction wheels and the supporting rollers.

Preferably, multi-functional manual sorting band conveyer still includes backplate and shelves leather slab rubber, the backplate is fixed in the frame of both sides, shelves leather slab rubber is connected with the backplate on one side, and another side and belt contact.

Preferably, the domestic garbage bag breaking and scattering device does not comprise a fixed knife.

Preferably, the household garbage crusher comprises a box body, a feeding end, a discharging end, a transmission device, a transmission shaft, a rotary blade and a fixed cutter; the transmission shaft is rotationally fixed on the box body and driven by the transmission device; the rotary blade is fixed on the transmission shaft and matched with the fixed knife, the fixed knife is fixed on the box body, the transmission device can rotate forward and backward, and the rotary blade is provided with a reverse cutting edge.

Preferably, the number of the transmission shafts is two, the transmission devices are double motors and respectively drive the two transmission shafts, and the rotating speeds of the two shafts are different.

Preferably, the domestic garbage rotary screen further comprises a cleaning screen device and an auxiliary cleaning screen device which are respectively arranged at two sides of the screen;

the screen cleaning device comprises a second transmission device, a support shaft, a steel wire wheel fixed on the support shaft, a steel wire brush fixed on the steel wire wheel and a steel wire wheel adjusting device, wherein the support shaft is driven by the second transmission device;

the auxiliary cleaning screen device comprises an air inlet, a fan, an air channel, an air outlet and a support, the auxiliary cleaning screen device is fixed on the rack through the support, and the air channel is gradually reduced towards the air outlet.

Preferably, domestic waste selection by winnowing separator connects silo, 2# to connect the silo including batcher, box, fan, 1#, the fan sets up in the batcher below, its characterized in that: the No. 1 material receiving groove and the No. 2 material receiving groove are sequentially arranged on the right side of the fan; the fan includes two upper and lower play tuber plates and connects the curb plate of two play tuber plates, it is fan-shaped to go out the tuber plate, arranges in the slant, and the distance of two play tuber plates reduces gradually, and the end forms the air outlet, the air outlet is long and narrow, the air outlet is located batcher export below supplies air in the slant.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the invention provides a pretreatment system of household garbage, which is characterized in that after the household garbage passes through a multifunctional manual sorting belt conveyor, large objects in the garbage are removed by 90%, glass objects are removed by 90%, metal objects are removed by 90%, the rest garbage enters a household garbage bag breaking and scattering device, a packaging bag sleeved outside the garbage is broken open, the garbage is taken out from the packaging bag and scattered, then the garbage enters a household garbage crusher through the belt conveyor to be crushed and then enters a household garbage rotary screen through the belt conveyor, the household garbage is separated into oversize objects (plastic and combustible objects) and undersize objects (inorganic objects, organic objects, plastic and combustible objects) after passing through the rotary screen, the undersize objects obtained by screening the garbage are sent to a household garbage winnowing separation device, the inorganic objects, the organic objects, the plastic and the combustible objects in the garbage are winnowing and are sent to a subsequent process for utilization. The invention has high pretreatment classification degree, can be used for industrialization in the household garbage treatment industry, and is suitable for the scale of 100-300 tons of daily garbage treatment amount.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a front view of the multi-functional manual sorting belt conveyor.

Fig. 3 is a top view of fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a view a-a of fig. 2.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of the hopping roller.

Fig. 6 is an enlarged view of the sweeper.

Fig. 7 is a front view of the domestic waste bag breaking and scattering device.

Fig. 8 is a sectional view a-a of fig. 9.

Fig. 9 is a sectional view B-B of fig. 8.

Fig. 10 is an enlarged view of the blade assembly.

Fig. 11 is a top view of fig. 10.

Fig. 12 is a front view of the garbage crusher.

Fig. 13 is a top view of fig. 12.

Fig. 14 is a sectional view a-a of fig. 12.

Fig. 15 is an enlarged view of the moving blade.

Fig. 16 is a front view of a domestic waste trommel.

Fig. 17 is a left side view of fig. 16.

Fig. 18 is an enlarged view of the cleaning screen apparatus.

Fig. 19 is a view taken along direction K of fig. 18.

Fig. 20 is a view B-B of fig. 18.

FIG. 21 is an enlarged view of the auxiliary cleaning screen apparatus.

Fig. 22 is a front view of the domestic garbage winnowing separation device.

Fig. 23 is a left side view of fig. 22.

Fig. 24 is an enlarged view of the outlet plate.

Fig. 25 is a top view of fig. 24.

Description of reference numerals:

11. a frame; 12. a belt; 13. a bounce roller; 14. a transmission device; 15. a permanent magnet drum; 16. a metal receiving hopper; 17. a sweeper; 18. cleaning a sludge tank; 19. a bounce sludge tank; 111. a metal receiving groove; 112. a guard plate; 113. a rubber blocking plate; 114. a rubber plate; 115. a splint; 116. a clamp shaft; 117. a cam; 118. a camshaft; 119. a manual sorting platform; 120. a driven drum.

20. A box body; 21. a composite blade; 22. a feed inlet; 23. a discharge port; 24. a frame; 25. a transmission device; 26. an airflow return plate; 27. a pedestal bearing; 28. a drive shaft; 29. a belt transmission assembly; 211. locking the nut; 212. a pin shaft; 213. a blade; 214. a tool holder; 215. and (6) shearing the groove.

31. A box body; 32. a feeding end; 33. a rotary blade; 34. fixing a cutter; 35. a discharge end; 36. a pedestal bearing; 37. a drive shaft; 38. and a transmission device.

41. A feed inlet; 42. 1# screen mesh; 43. 2# screen mesh; 44. 3# screen mesh; 45. a screen material outlet; 46. supporting the carrier roller; 47. a frame; 48. cleaning the screen device; 49. auxiliary cleaning screen devices; 311. a friction ring; 312. a first transmission device; 313. a housing; 314. a material conveying plate; 315. a screen underflow discharge port; 481. a connecting plate; 482. a second transmission device; 483. a wire wheel; 484. a third transmission device; 485. a gear; 486. a rack; 487. a third transmission housing; 488. a pedestal bearing; 489. a support shaft; 49. auxiliary cleaning screen devices; 491. an air inlet; 492. an air duct; 493. an air outlet; 494. and (4) a bracket.

51. The air conditioner comprises a feeder, 52, a fan, 53, a filter screen, 54, a No. 1 receiving groove, 55, a No. 2 receiving groove, 56, a dust settling chamber, 57, a box body, 521, an air outlet plate, 522 and an air outlet.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The invention provides a pretreatment system of household garbage, which comprises a multifunctional manual sorting belt conveyor, a bag breaking and scattering device and a conveying device, wherein the multifunctional manual sorting belt conveyor is used for picking out large articles, glass and metal objects; the household garbage bag breaking and scattering device is used for taking out garbage from the packaging bag, scattering the garbage and then sending the garbage into the household garbage crusher; the household garbage crusher is used for crushing garbage and then sending the crushed garbage into the household garbage drum sieve; the household garbage drum sieve is used for conveying the undersize products obtained by sieving the garbage into the household garbage winnowing and separating device; and the household garbage winnowing and separating device is used for winnowing and separating the garbage and sending the garbage to the subsequent process for utilization.

Multi-functional manual sorting band conveyer includes: the device comprises a frame 11, a belt 12, a bouncing roller 13, a transmission device 14, a permanent magnet roller 15, a metal receiving hopper 16, a sweeper 17, a sweeping sludge tank 18, a bouncing sludge tank 19, a metal receiving tank 111, a guard plate 112, a leather blocking rubber plate 113, a rubber plate 114, a clamping plate 115, a clamping plate shaft 116, a cam 117, a cam shaft 118, a manual sorting platform 119 and a driven roller 120. The permanent magnet roller 15 is fixed on the frame 11 through bearing seats at two ends, the inner surface of the permanent magnet roller is provided with a permanent magnet and is fixed on the inner side of the permanent magnet roller 15 through bolts, the bottom plate of the transmission device 14 is fixed on the frame 11, and the inner hole of the bottom plate is assembled with the shaft of the permanent magnet roller 15; the permanent magnet drum 15 is used as a driving drum and is arranged at the right end of the frame 11, the driven drum 120 is arranged at the left end of the frame 11, the belt 12 is wound on the driving drum and the driven drum 120, the permanent magnet drum 15 is driven to rotate through the transmission device 14 assembled on the permanent magnet drum, and the driving drum drives the belt 12 and the driven drum 120 to rotate when rotating; the positions of the permanent magnet drum 15 and the driven drum 120 may also be exchanged. The sweeper 17 is arranged below the driven roller and comprises a clamping plate shaft 116, a rubber plate 114 and a clamping plate 115; the sweeper 17 is connected to the frame 11 by bearing blocks at two ends, the clamping plates 115 are fixed on the clamping plate shaft 116 along the axial direction, the rubber plate 114 is fixed in the two clamping plates 115 through bolts and extends out of the clamping plates 115, and the rubber plate 114 is in contact with the surface 12 of the belt at a certain angle when the clamping plate shaft 116 rotates for a circle; one rubber plate 114 of the sweeper and two clamping plates 115 clamping the rubber plate are combined into one group, 4 groups are formed in total, and the rubber plates are uniformly distributed along the circumference. The bouncing roller 13 is arranged on the inner surface of the lower belt 12 and is connected to the frame 11 by bearing seats at two ends, the bouncing roller 13 comprises a cam shaft 118 and a cam 117, the cam 117 is axially fixed on the cam shaft 118, the cam 117 is fixed on the cam shaft 118 and is in surface contact with the belt 12 within a certain angle range, and can be in surface contact with the belt 12 at some angles or all angles of one circle of rotation of the cam 117, so that the belt generates periodic vibration; the cams are evenly distributed along at least 3 groups of axial direction of the cam shaft. The leather comprises a guard plate 112 and a leather rubber plate 113; the guard plate 112 is fixed on the frame 11 at both sides, and the rubber guard plate 113 is connected with the guard plate 112 by bolts at one side and contacts with the belt 12 at the other side. The bounce roller 13 and the sweeper 17 are driven to rotate by a chain wheel transmission mechanism on the roller.

Broken bag of domestic waste breaks up device and includes: the device comprises a box body 20, a combined blade 21, a feeding hole 22, a discharging hole 23, a frame 24, a transmission device 25, an airflow backflow plate 26, a connecting seat bearing 27, a transmission shaft 28, a belt transmission assembly 29, a locking nut 211, a pin shaft 212, a blade 213, a blade holder 214 and a shearing groove 215. The box body 20 is arranged on the frame 24, the box body 20 is in an upper-lower structure and is connected through bolts, the upper part of the box body can be opened during maintenance, and the lower part of the box body is fixed on the ground after being connected with the frame in a welding mode. The transmission device 25 is fixed on the frame 24 by bolts, and drives the transmission shaft 28 by a belt transmission assembly 29. The drive shaft 28 is connected to the housing 20 by means of the bearing units 27 at both ends. The composite blade 21 is fixed on the drive shaft 28, and the composite blade 21 is composed of a plurality of blade holders and blades 213. The cutter holders are uniformly assembled on the transmission shaft 28 along the circumferential direction through center holes of the cutter holders, pin shaft holes are formed in two ends of each cutter holder, a pin shaft 212 is arranged in each pin shaft hole, two ends of each pin shaft 212 are respectively provided with a blade 213, the blades 213 are locked through locking nuts 211, the blades and the cutter holders are hinged, and the blades 213 can be automatically bent to pass through when hard objects are encountered in the bag breaking and scattering process, so that the cutter is prevented from being damaged. The central hole of the knife rest of the combined blade 21 is embedded with a copper sleeve to be assembled with the transmission shaft 28, and the pin shaft holes at the two ends of the knife rest are also embedded with the copper sleeve to be assembled with the pin shaft. The blade 213 is made of wear-resistant material, the surface of the blade is subjected to heat treatment, and the tail end of the blade 213 is provided with a symmetrical shearing groove. The feed inlet 22 is arranged on the right side of the top surface of the box body 20 and extends in the left-down direction, an airflow backflow plate 26 is arranged on the right side wall of the feed inlet 22, the airflow backflow plate 26 divides the right side wall of the feed inlet 22 into an upper part and a lower part, and the lower part of the right side wall protrudes outwards; the airflow return plate 26 prevents the airflow generated by the rotation of the combined blade 21 from overflowing along the feeding hole 22 and splashing garbage. The discharge port 23 is provided at the lower side of the left surface of the case 20. The inlet 22 may also be disposed in the upper right corner region such as the upper side of the right wall of the box 20, and the outlet 23 may also be disposed in the lower left corner region such as the left side of the bottom of the box 20. The combined blades 21 are preferably assembled into 7-11 groups along the axial direction of the transmission shaft 28, and should be arranged in a staggered angle in the circumferential direction when being assembled with the transmission shaft 28.

Domestic waste breaker includes: the device comprises a box body 31, a feeding end 32, a rotary blade 33, a fixed cutter 34, a discharging end 35, a connecting seat bearing 36, a transmission shaft 37, a transmission device 38 and a cutting edge 39. The box 31 is a metal structural member and is fixed to the ground by bolts. The two transmission shafts 37 are respectively a transmission shaft and two transmission shafts, the rotation speeds of the two shafts are different, and the transmission shafts are fixed on the box body 31 through the connecting seat bearings 36 at the two ends. The transmission device 38 adopts double motors to respectively drive the two transmission shafts 37, the motor is connected with a speed reducer and is directly connected with the transmission shafts 37 through a coupler for transmission, the motor can rotate positively and negatively, the reverse rotation of the equipment is realized when hard materials are encountered, the over concentration of the hard materials is relieved, and the equipment can be effectively prevented from being blocked. The rotary blades 33 are fixed on the transmission shaft 37, and referring to fig. 12 and fig. 13, the rotary blades 33 are arranged in a staggered manner on the transmission shaft assembly 12 and the rotary blades 33 are arranged on the two transmission shaft assemblies 11; the fixed knife 34 is fixed on the box body 31 through bolts, the fixed knife 34 is located below the

rotary knife blade

33, 23 movable knife grooves are formed in the fixed knife 34, the rotary knife blade 33 is arranged in the movable knife grooves, the movable knife grooves corresponding to the rotary knife blade 33 on the transmission shaft and the movable knife grooves corresponding to the rotary knife blade 33 on the two transmission shafts are correspondingly arranged in a staggered mode, and the crushing effect is good. The rotary blade 33 has 4 cutting edges 39, two cutting edges are arranged horizontally and symmetrically, two cutting edges are arranged vertically and symmetrically in a splayed manner, the reverse cutting edges are arranged on the back surfaces of the cutting edges, equipment is reversely rotated in a rotating manner when the winding object is easy to wind, the winding object is cut off by the reverse cutting edges of the rotary blade 33, and the winding of the movable blade can be effectively prevented.

Domestic waste drum sieve includes: the feed port 41; no. 1 screen 42; # 2 mesh 43; no. 3 screen 44; oversize product discharge 45; support rollers 46; a frame 47; cleaning the screen arrangement 48; auxiliary cleaning screen means 49; a friction ring 311; a first transmission 312; a housing 313; a material conveying plate 314; 1# undersize discharge 315; a No. 2 screen underflow discharge 316; a 3# undersize discharge outlet 317; a web 481; a second transmission 482; a wire wheel 483; a third transmission 484; a gear 485; a rack 486; a third transmission mount 487; an seated bearing 488; a support shaft 489; auxiliary cleaning screen means 49; an air inlet 491; an air duct 492; an air outlet 493; a bracket 494. The screen is divided into three sections, namely a No. 1 screen 42, a No. 2 screen 43 and a No. 3 screen 44, and the screens are sequentially connected through flanges; the meshes of the screen are designed into rectangular holes, so that the material can pass through the screen more easily; the mesh sizes of the three sections of screens are different, and the aperture of the screens is increased progressively along the material running direction so as to obtain different undersize materials; wherein the aperture of the No. 1 screen is 16x30mm, the aperture of the No. 2 screen is 42x60mm, and the aperture of the No. 3 screen is 78x90 mm. The inside material conveying board 314 that is equipped with of screen cloth accomplishes the material and carries, and material conveying board 314 welds on the gusset of a sieve section of thick bamboo to 60 helix angle from feed inlet 41 to oversize material discharge gate 45 ends, and the starting point is 60 equipartitions along the circumferencial direction for transport the material. The screen mesh is supported by supporting rollers 46, a pair of supporting rollers 46 are respectively arranged at the left end part of the No. 1 screen mesh 42 and at the two sides of the lower part of the joint of the No. 2 screen mesh 43 and the No. 3 screen mesh 44, the supporting rollers 46 are fixed on a frame 47 by bolts, and friction rings 311 are arranged on the screen mesh at positions corresponding to the supporting rollers 46; the first transmission device 312 is fixed on the frame 47 and located at the joint of the No. 1 screen and the No. 2 screen, the friction wheel is assembled with the output shaft of the first transmission device 312, and the first transmission device 312 forms friction transmission to drive the screens to rotate through the friction wheel and the friction rings 311 arranged on the screens and corresponding to the friction wheels; the surfaces of the friction wheel and the supporting roller 46 are made of wear-resistant rubber, the operation is stable and noiseless, and the friction ring 311 is made of steel. The cover 313 is disposed outside the screen. The side of the screen is designed with a cleaning screen device 48 and an auxiliary cleaning screen device 49 for use when required. The cleaning screen device 48 comprises a second transmission device 482, a supporting shaft 489 connected with and driven by the second transmission device 482, a seat-connected bearing 488, a plurality of wire wheels 483 fixed on the supporting shaft 489, and a wire brush fixed on the wire wheels 483; one end of the supporting shaft 489 is connected to the second transmission 482, the other end is connected to the seat bearing 488, and the cleaning screen device 48 is fixed to the frame 47 through the seat bearings 488 at the two ends and the connecting plate 481 of the second transmission; activation of the second drive 482 causes the wire wheel 483 of the cleaning screen assembly 48 to rotate the cleaning screen. The second transmission device 482 and the bearing 488 are slidably connected to the frame 47; for example, the connecting plate 481 of the second transmission 482 and the bottom of the connecting seat bearing 488 are designed into a dovetail plate shape, and a dovetail groove is formed at the corresponding position of the rack; for example by means of a ball screw. The screen cleaning device 48 is further designed with a wire wheel adjusting device, which comprises a third transmission device 484, a third transmission device base 487, a gear 485 and a rack 486; the third actuator 484 is secured to the frame 47 by a third actuator mount 487; the wire wheel 483 is fixed to the rack 486. Because the screen cleaning device 48 is slidably connected to the frame 47, the third transmission device 484 can drive the steel wire wheel 483 to slide back and forth through the gear 485 and rack 486 mechanism, so that the steel wire wheel 483 can be in full contact with the screen to obtain the best screen cleaning effect; when cleaning of the screen is not required, wire wheel 483 is moved away from the screen to reduce wear of wire wheel 483. An auxiliary cleaning screen device 49 is arranged on the other side surface of the screen, the auxiliary cleaning screen device 49 comprises an air inlet 491, a fan, an air duct 492, an air outlet 493 and a bracket 494, and the auxiliary cleaning screen device 49 is fixed on the rack 47 through the bracket 494; the air duct 492 of the auxiliary cleaning screen device gradually decreases toward the air outlet 493. The air switch on the auxiliary cleaning screen device 49 is started, so that the residual materials after the cleaning screen can be blown off, and the further cleaning effect is achieved.

Domestic waste selection by winnowing separator includes: the air cleaner comprises a feeder 51, a fan 52, a filter screen 53, a No. 1 receiving groove 54, a No. 2 receiving groove 55, a dust settling chamber 56, a box body 57, an air outlet plate 521 and an air outlet 522. The feeder 51 may be a drop port, a belt conveyor, or other conveying means. The fan 52 is fixed on the ground, is arranged below the feeder 51 and supplies air obliquely upwards, and comprises an upper air outlet plate 521, a lower air outlet plate 521 and a side plate for connecting the two air outlet plates 521, wherein the air outlet plates 521 are fan-shaped and arranged obliquely upwards, the distance between the two air outlet plates 521 is gradually reduced, the tail end of the two air outlet plates forms an air outlet 522, the air outlet 522 is in a long and narrow rectangle shape, and the air outlet 522 is positioned below the outlet of the feeder 51 and supplies air obliquely upwards. The fan 52 adopts frequency conversion speed regulation; the air quantity and the wind power are adjusted according to the air separation condition so as to obtain the optimal air separation effect. The No. 1 material receiving groove 54 and the No. 2 material receiving groove 55 are sequentially arranged on the right side of the fan 52, are fixed on the ground in the box body 57 after being manufactured by adopting plates, and can be provided with a conveying device for conveying materials. The filter screen 53 is fixed on the box body 57 at the right side of the 2# receiving groove and is made of a 10-mesh stainless steel wire net, a dust removing chamber is formed between the filter screen 53 and the right wall of the box body, and the dust removing chamber 56 can be provided with a dust removing system.

Principle of operation

The first step is as follows: multi-functional manual sorting band conveyer. Domestic waste gets into band conveyer and carries to permanent magnetism cylinder 15 direction from the tail end of band conveyer top, and the manual work is earlier big thing, the glass bottle in the domestic waste sorts out when artifical sorting platform, and magnetic metal material is adsorbed on permanent magnetism cylinder 15 through belt 12 when permanent magnetism cylinder 15, and the metal whereabouts when belt 12 leaves permanent magnetism cylinder 15, leads to in metal connects silo 111 through metal to connect hopper 16. The remaining household garbage above the belt conveyor is conveyed to the next process. The rubber blocking plates 113 are arranged on two sides of the conveyor, so that the material leakage phenomenon of the household garbage in the conveying process is effectively prevented; when soil adhered to the surface of the belt 12 passes through the bouncing roller 13, the bouncing roller 13 beats the lower part of the belt once by rotating the cam 117 once every circle when rotating, so that the lower part of the belt 12 continuously bounces up and down, and the soil adhered to the surface of the belt 12 is bounced down and falls into the bouncing sludge tank 19; soil not dropped by the hopping roller is scraped by the rubber plate 114 while passing through the sweeper 17 and falls into the swept sludge tank 18.

The second step is that: the domestic garbage breaks the bag and breaks up the device. Household garbage conveyed by a multifunctional manual sorting belt conveyor falls into a feeding hole 22 above a box body 20, a transmission shaft 28 drives a combined blade 21 to rotate at a high speed, a packaging bag of the household garbage is firstly scratched and broken, and then the household garbage exposed from the packaging bag is scattered; meanwhile, the combined blade 21 conveys the household garbage falling into the bottom of the box body 20 to a discharge hole for discharging.

The box body is provided with an airflow backflow plate 26, so that the overflow of airflow along the feeding hole 22 and the splashing of garbage are prevented when the combined blade 21 rotates; the blade 213 is hinged on the tool rest 214, so that the blade 213 can be bent automatically when hard objects are encountered in the bag breaking and scattering process to pass through the blade, and the damage of the tool can be prevented; the invention is not designed with a fixed cutter, the cavity of the box body at the feed inlet 22 is large, and the winding phenomenon is not formed in the bag breaking and scattering process;

the third step: domestic waste breaker. After magnetic metal of garbage conveyed by the household garbage bag breaking and scattering device is removed through a suspended type iron absorber, the household garbage falls into the box body 31 from the feeding end 32 above the box body, the two transmission shafts 37 drive the rotary blades 33 to rotate oppositely at a high speed, and the household garbage is brought into the space between the rotary blades 33 and between the rotary blades 33 and the fixed blades 34 to be subjected to strong shearing, extruding and shredding effects due to the staggered arrangement of the rotary blades on the transmission shafts and the rotary blades on the two transmission shafts, and then is crushed into strips or blocks with the size of less than 100mm and discharged from the discharging end. When hard materials are encountered, the transmission shaft 37 rotates reversely to relieve the over concentration of the hard materials, so that the equipment can be effectively prevented from being stuck; when the winding-prone object is met, the transmission shaft 37 rotates reversely, the rotating blade 33 cuts off the winding-prone object through the reverse cutting edge, and the winding of the moving blade can be effectively prevented. 12 rotating knife pieces are assembled on the transmission shaft 37, 11 rotating knife pieces are assembled on the secondary transmission shaft 37, 4 cutting edges are structurally designed on the rotating knife, the rotating knife is suitable for forward and backward cutting, the shearing performance is high, the rotating knife pieces are made of wear-resistant materials, and the cutting edges are durable in heat treatment. The fixed knife 34 is fixed on the box body through a bolt, 23 movable knife grooves are formed in the fixed knife 34, and materials enter the discharging end through the grooves. The rotary blades 33 on the two transmission shafts are arranged in a staggered way, so that the crushing effect is good.

The fourth step: domestic waste drum sieve. The garbage conveyed by the garbage crusher falls from the inlet 41, moves towards the oversize material outlet 45 under the conveying of the conveying plate 314, and passes through the inlet 1^#The material with the aperture smaller than 16x30mm falls into the screen underflow outlet 315 (mainly inorganic) and passes through the screen 2^#When the screen is used, the materials with the aperture smaller than 42x60mm fall into the undersize material outlet 316 (mainly organic matters) and pass through the screen 3^#Material with a pore size of less than 78x90mm falls into undersize outlet 317 (primarily combustible material) while material larger than 78x90mm eventually exits oversize outlet 45. If the screen is blocked in the sorting process, the second transmission device 482 is started, and the steel wire wheel 483 rotates to finish the cleaning work of the screen; the third actuator 484 is actuated, and the rack 486 is driven by the gear 485 to move linearly, and the wire wheel mounted on the rack 486 slides back and forth to obtain the best cleaning effect. The inside of the screen drum is provided with 6 material conveying plates 314 to complete material conveying, and the material conveying plates 314 are welded on rib plates of the screen drum to 60⁰The spiral angle is from the feed inlet 41 to the oversize material outlet 45, and the starting point is 60 along the circumferential direction⁰Are evenly distributed. The air switch on the auxiliary cleaning screen device 49 is started, so that the residual materials after the cleaning screen can be blown off, and the further cleaning effect is achieved.

The fifth step: domestic waste selection by winnowing separator. In the invention, three sets of household garbage winnowing separation devices are arranged and are respectively arranged below three discharge ports of the household garbage rotary screen.

In 1^#At the position of the screen outlet 315, inorganic substances, a small amount of plastics and combustible substances are acted by wind in the falling process, and heavier materials such as bricks, tiles, glass and the like fall into the screen outlet 1 nearby^#A receiving trough 54; after the lighter materials such as plastics and combustible materials fall into the filter screen 53 at a far position, dust enters the dust settling chamber 56, and the plastics and combustible materials are separated by the filter screen 53 and fall into the dust settling chamber 2^#In the receiving trough 55;

in 2^#At the discharge port 316 of the screen, organic matters, a small amount of plastics and combustible substances are acted by wind in the falling process, and heavier materials such as melons, fruits, vegetables and the like fall into the container 1 nearby^#A receiving trough 54; after the lighter materials such as plastics and combustible materials fall into the filter screen 53 at a far position, dust enters the dust settling chamber 56, and the plastics and combustible materials are separated by the filter screen 53 and fall into the dust settling chamber 2^#In the receiving trough 55;

in 3^#At the position of the screen outlet 317, plastics and combustible materials are acted by wind force in the falling process, and heavier combustible materials fall into the container 1 nearby^#A receiving trough 54; after the lighter material plastic falls into the distant filter screen 53, the dust enters the dust falling chamber 56, and the plastic falls into the dust falling chamber 2 after being separated by the filter screen 53^#In the receiving trough 55.

The optimal cleaning effect is obtained by adjusting the wind quantity and the wind power of the fan.

The invention also provides a domestic garbage pretreatment method, which comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: picking up large articles, glass and metal by using a multifunctional manual sorting belt conveyor, and feeding the remaining garbage into a household garbage bag breaking and scattering device;

step two: taking out the garbage from the packaging bag by using a household garbage bag breaking and scattering device, scattering the garbage, and then sending the garbage into a household garbage crusher;

step three: crushing the garbage by a household garbage crusher and then sending the crushed garbage into a household garbage drum sieve;

step four: conveying the undersize obtained by screening the garbage into a household garbage winnowing and separating device by using a household garbage drum sieve;

step five: the domestic garbage winnowing separator is used for winnowing and separating inorganic matters, organic matters, plastics and combustible matters in the garbage and sending the garbage to the subsequent process for utilization.

Preferably, after the multifunctional manual sorting belt conveyor in the step one is used for processing, large objects, glass objects and metal objects in the garbage are removed by 90%, 90% and 90% respectively.

In summary, the present invention provides a domestic garbage pretreatment system, which is proved to be effective by practice, has a high degree of classification of pretreatment, can be used in the domestic garbage treatment industry in an industrialized manner, and is suitable for the scale of 100-300 tons of daily garbage treatment.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a pretreatment systems of domestic waste which characterized in that: comprises that

the multifunctional manual sorting belt conveyor comprises a rack (11), a permanent magnet roller (15), a driven roller (120), a belt (12), a bouncing roller (13) and a sweeper (17); the belt (12) is sleeved on the permanent magnet drum (15) and the driven drum (120); the bouncing roller (13) is fixed on the frame (11), the bouncing roller (13) is arranged on the inner surface of the lower belt (12), the bouncing roller (13) comprises a cam shaft (118) and a cam (117), and the cam (117) is axially fixed on the cam shaft (118); the cam (117) is in surface contact with the belt (12) over a range of angles; the sweeper (17) is fixed on the frame (11) and comprises a clamping plate shaft (116), a clamping plate (115) and a rubber plate (114), the clamping plate (115) is axially fixed on the clamping plate shaft (116), the rubber plate (114) is fixed between the two clamping plates (115) and extends out of the clamping plate (115), and the rubber plate (114) is in surface contact with the belt (12) at a certain angle;

the household garbage bag breaking and scattering device comprises a rack (24), a box body (20), a feeding hole (22), a discharging hole (23), a combined blade (21) and an airflow backflow plate (26); the box body (20) is arranged on the rack (24), the combined blade (21) is fixed on the transmission shaft (28), the transmission shaft (28) is connected to the box body (20) in a rolling manner, the airflow return plate (26) is arranged on the side wall of the feeding port (22), and the combined blade (21) consists of a plurality of tool holders (214) and blades (213) hinged to two ends of the tool holders (214);

the household garbage rotary screen comprises a frame (47), a plurality of screen meshes (42, 43 and 44) and a first transmission device (312), wherein the screen meshes are sequentially connected with each other; the screens are supported by a plurality of pairs of supporting rollers (46) arranged on two sides of the lower part of the screens, and the supporting rollers (46) are fixed on a frame (47); the plurality of screens being driven by a first transmission (312); the aperture of the plurality of screens is increased progressively along the material running direction, and a spirally advancing material conveying plate (314) is arranged inside the plurality of screens; a friction wheel is arranged on an output shaft of the first transmission device (312); and friction rings (311) are arranged on the screen at positions corresponding to the friction wheels and the supporting rollers (46).

2. The pretreatment system for household garbage according to claim 1, wherein: multifunctional manual sorting band conveyer still includes backplate (112) and shelves rubber slab (113), backplate (112) are fixed on frame (11) of both sides, shelves rubber slab (113) are connected with backplate (112) on one side, and the another side and belt (12) contact.

3. The pretreatment system of claim 1, wherein the domestic waste bag-breaking and scattering device does not comprise a stationary knife.

4. The pretreatment system for household garbage according to claim 1, wherein: the household garbage crusher comprises a box body (31), a feeding end (32), a discharging end (35), a transmission device (38), a transmission shaft (37), a rotary blade (33) and a fixed cutter (34); the transmission shaft (37) is rotationally fixed on the box body (31) and driven by a transmission device (38); the rotary blade (33) is fixed on the transmission shaft (37) and matched with the fixed blade (34), the fixed blade (34) is fixed on the box body (31), the transmission device (38) can rotate positively and negatively, and the rotary blade (33) is provided with a reverse cutting edge.

5. The pretreatment system for household garbage according to claim 4, wherein: the number of the transmission shafts (37) is two, the transmission devices are double motors and respectively drive the two transmission shafts (37), and the rotating speeds of the two shafts are different.

6. The pretreatment system for household garbage according to claim 5, wherein: the household garbage rotary screen also comprises a screen cleaning device (48) and an auxiliary screen cleaning device (49) which are respectively arranged at the two sides of the screen;

the screen cleaning device (48) comprises a second transmission device (482), a support shaft (489), a steel wire wheel (483) fixed on the support shaft (489), a steel wire brush fixed on the steel wire wheel (483) and a steel wire wheel adjusting device, wherein the support shaft (489) is driven by the second transmission device (482), the steel wire wheel adjusting device comprises a third transmission device (484), a third transmission device base (487), a gear (485) and a rack (486), the third transmission device (484) is fixed on the rack (47) through the third transmission device base (487), the steel wire wheel (483) is fixed on the rack (486), and the third transmission device (484) drives the steel wire wheel (483) to slide back and forth through the gear (485) and the rack (486);

the auxiliary cleaning screen device (49) comprises an air inlet (491), a fan, an air duct (492), an air outlet (493) and a support (494), the auxiliary cleaning screen device (49) is fixed on the rack (47) through the support (494), and the air duct (492) is gradually reduced towards the air outlet (493).

7. The pretreatment system for household garbage according to claim 1, wherein: the household garbage winnowing separation device comprises a feeding machine (51), a box body (57), a fan (52), a No. 1 receiving groove (54) and a No. 2 receiving groove (55), wherein the fan (52) is arranged below the feeding machine (51), and the No. 1 receiving groove (54) and the No. 2 receiving groove (55) are sequentially arranged on the right side of the fan (52); fan (52) are including two upper and lower blocks of play wind boards (521) and the curb plate of connecting two play wind boards (521), it is fan-shaped to go out wind board (521), arranges in the slant, and the distance of two play wind boards (521) reduces gradually, and the end forms air outlet (522), air outlet (522) are long and narrow, air outlet (522) are located batcher (51) export below, the air supply in the slant.