JP2002200433A - Process and equipment for washing and crushing waste plastics - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a washing and crushing process of waste plastics, which enables crushing of the waste plastics in a short time, recycling of the waste plastics as a high-purity plastic raw material and reduction in consumption of washing water, by concurrently performing washing and crushing of the waste plastics. SOLUTION: This process comprises subjecting waste plastics to separation treatment for removing different kinds of materials such as metal, paper and other plastics than the plastics to be recycled, from the waste plastics, thereafter, crushing the treated plastics into a crushed material having prescribed shape and size and concurrently, washing the crushed plastics with water, and then, dehydrating and drying the washed crushed material to obtain a recyclable plastic raw material in the form of flakes.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a technique for reusing waste plastic such as PET bottles as a flake-like plastic raw material, and more particularly to a method for washing and grinding waste plastic which can simultaneously wash and grind waste plastic. And a washing and crushing apparatus for the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Waste plastics such as used PET bottles are of various types and are difficult to treat. For example, used PET bottles use different types of plastics, such as labels, caps, base caps, and main units, so in order to reuse them, sorting, cleaning techniques and similar types of different containers are required. Development of technology to separate plastic materials was required.

Therefore, when a PET bottle or the like is reused, a recycling method as shown in a process diagram of FIG. 5 is used. First, from the used various bottles put into the hopper of the reprocessing facility, glass bottles, filled bottles, and the like are removed in a weight separation step. Next, in a bottle washing step (first washing step), pre-washing, washing with water, and finishing washing are performed in a bottle state before pulverization to wash and separate dirt around the bottle and residues inside the bottle. In the sorting step, the washed PET bottles are passed through a belt conveyor or the like, and are manually separated into colorless bottles and colored bottles. The PET bottle after the separation is crushed into flakes of a predetermined size by a crusher in a crushing step.
The flaked plastic pulverized material is washed in water or in a chemical in a stirring type washing step (second washing step). In the specific gravity separation process, PE (polyethylene),
PP (polypropylene) is floated in water, and metals such as PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and caps are submerged, and separated according to the type of each plastic. The pulverized product containing water is dried in a hot-air drying process, and then subjected to a sorting process for removing label fragments and the like and a washing process for removing adhesives and the like, depending on the use of the reused product.
Flake-shaped plastic raw materials produced through such processing steps are used for a wide range of applications.

[0004]

However, in this conventional recycling method, the washing of the inside of the bottle is not sufficient only by the bottle washing step, so that the washing step is required even after the bottle is crushed. Basically, the number of processing steps is required to be two or more, which requires a large processing facility and a long processing time. Furthermore, since a large amount of water is used for the cleaning process, there is a problem that the running cost is also increased.

In the conventional crushing apparatus, the fixed blade used for cutting and crushing has a straight blade portion, and the rotating rotary blade has a straight blade portion. Therefore, waste plastic such as a PET bottle is used as the rotary blade. There is a problem in that the waste plastic is pushed and slides laterally on the blade portion of the fixed blade and easily escapes, and it becomes difficult to cut and finely crush the waste plastic.

The present invention has been made to solve such a problem. That is, an object of the present invention is to simultaneously wash and pulverize waste plastic, thereby crushing the waste plastic in a short time, regenerating the waste plastic into a high-purity plastic raw material, and further using washing water. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for washing and grinding waste plastic and an apparatus for washing and grinding the same, which can reduce the amount.

[0007]

According to the washing and crushing method of the present invention, the waste plastic is subjected to a separation treatment for removing different kinds of materials such as metal, paper, and plastic from the waste plastic. At the same time as crushing into a crushed material, washing with water, then dewatering the crushed material, and
The present invention provides a method for washing and grinding waste plastics, which comprises producing a plastic material that can be dried and reused.

[0008] The pulverized material can be further finely pulverized. The water used for water washing and the water dewatered from the pulverized material at the same time that the waste plastic is pulverized can be circulated and reused in this treatment step.

In the method of the present invention, waste plastic such as used PET bottles to be recycled is subjected to a pretreatment for removing different materials such as a label, a cap, a base cap, and a main body in a sorting process, and then washed. It is put into the hopper (2) of the crushing device (1). Next, it is pulverized into a pulverized product having a predetermined shape and size by the cleaning / pulverizing device (1).
In the washing and pulverizing device (1), washing is performed by water jet simultaneously with pulverization. In the specific gravity separation process, the crushed material is floated on water for PE (polyethylene) and PP (polypropylene),
PET (polyethylene terephthalate), metal and the like are settled and separated into different types of plastic. Since the pulverized material treated in this specific gravity separation step has a lot of water, the water is removed by a centrifuge (5) or the like.
Finally, it can be dried with hot air to make a flaked PET bottle reclaimed product. In particular, in the present invention, since water is washed at the same time as pulverization, dirt on the inner and outer surfaces of the bottle can be washed, and the processing time can be reduced.

[0010] By further pulverizing the pulverized material, flake-shaped plastic raw materials having various desired dimensions can be produced. Further, the water used for water washing and the water dehydrated from the crushed material can be circulated and reused at the same time that the waste plastic is crushed, so that the amount of water used can be reduced and the running cost can be reduced.

According to the washing and crushing apparatus of the present invention, a fixed blade (10) provided in a substantially rectangular parallelepiped base (12) having both ends of a pair of rectangular side plates connected to a front plate and a back plate. Fixed blade (1
A rotating blade (11) that rotates so as to cut and pulverize waste plastic by meshing with 0) and waste plastic provided on an upper portion of the base (12) to the rotating blade (11) and the fixed blade (10). A hopper (2) having a guide portion for guiding and biting, a shower nozzle (16) for spraying water for washing the pulverized material in the base (12), and a cutting / pulverization provided in the base (12) A screen (17) having a through-hole through which only the crushed material having a predetermined size passes;
A washing and crushing apparatus for waste plastic, comprising:

The rotating body (11b) of the rotary blade (11)
In addition, it is preferable to form a plurality of gaps (11f) for allowing waste plastic in the course of grinding to escape. The rotary blade (11) is attached to the tip of the rotary body (11b) in a state where the rotary blade (11) is inclined in a substantially V-shaped flat shape.

In the configuration of the present invention, the waste plastic is
Since the shower nozzle (16) for injecting water for cleaning the crushed material is provided when cutting and crushing by being bitten by the fixed blade (10) and the rotary blade (11), the crushing can be performed with a simple configuration. Can be washed at the same time. In this water washing, both surfaces of the pulverized material can be washed at the same time, so that the inner surface of the PET bottle on which the sugar content of the drinking water or the like is attached can be easily washed.

The rotary blade (11) is provided with a rotating body (11).
Since a plurality of gaps (11f) for allowing waste plastic in the process of being pulverized to escape are provided in b), the cut waste plastic is easily released from the rotary blade (11) and the fixed blade (10), and the next waste is removed. The plastic can be reliably bitten by the rotary blade (11) and the fixed blade (10), and can be continuously and efficiently cut and pulverized.

When the rotary blade (11) is attached to the tip of the rotary body (11b) in a state where the rotary blade (11) is inclined in a flat V-shape, the rotary blade (11) and the fixed blade (10) are used like scissors. The waste plastic that escapes when cutting into
It can be steadily caught and cut at the character-shaped valleys and crushed.

[0016]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an explanatory block diagram showing the respective processing steps constituting the method for cleaning and pulverizing waste plastic of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a front view showing a series of facilities for performing the washing and crushing method of waste plastic. The washing and crushing method of the present invention mainly comprises a waste plastic sorting process such as used bottles, loading of bottles into processing equipment, a washing and crushing process, a specific gravity separation process, a dewatering process, and a hot air drying process. This is a method for producing plastic raw materials. Here, the waste plastic is not limited to PET bottles. In addition, waste plastics such as thermoplastic resin sheets and plate-like materials, and other plastics are crushed.
It refers to various materials such as polyethylene water-blocking sheets that can be recycled and high-density polyethylene for concrete tanks.

The sorting process is a process of removing materials of different materials such as metal, paper, and plastic from waste plastic such as used PET bottles to be recycled. In this separation processing step, for example, after performing a pre-treatment for removing materials of different materials such as a label, a cap, a base cap, and a main body of the PET bottle, the PET bottle is put into the washing and crushing apparatus 1 used in the next washing and crushing step.

The washing and pulverizing step is a processing step in which the waste plastic is pulverized into a pulverized product having a predetermined shape and size by using the washing and pulverizing apparatus 1 and simultaneously washed with water. In this step, since the water is washed at the same time as the pulverization, the dirt on the inner and outer surfaces of many small pieces can be washed at the same time, and the processing time can be reduced to half. The water used for this washing is once collected and filtered, and then circulated and reused. The pulverized material pulverized in the washing and pulverizing step is transported by the screw conveyor 3 to the separation water tank 4 used in the next specific gravity separation step.

In the specific gravity separation step, for example, pulverized plastics such as PE (polyethylene) and PP (polypropylene) are floated in water, and PET (polyethylene terephthalate) and metals are settled in the separation water tank 4 and separated into respective plastics. This is a processing step for separation. Thus, PET
Other plastics can be separated and separated into only a single type of plastic, and a high-purity plastic raw material can be manufactured.

In the dewatering step, the pulverized material containing a large amount of water in the washing and pulverizing step and the specific gravity separation step is centrifuged by a centrifuge 5.
And the like to remove the moisture. The water dehydrated from the pulverized material can be filtered and reused. Finally, it is dried in a hot air drying step such as a drying blower 6, and the plastic raw material in the form of flakes is filled in a packing bag 8 by a cyclone 7 so as to be conveyed, thereby completing a series of regeneration processing steps.

The flake-shaped plastic raw material is further finely crushed by using another crushing device (not shown) according to the purpose of use, thereby producing flake-shaped plastic raw materials having various desired dimensions. be able to.

FIG. 3 is a partially cutaway side view showing the washing and crushing apparatus of the present invention. FIG. 4 is an enlarged perspective view showing a fixed blade and a rotary blade in the base of the washing and crushing apparatus. The waste plastic cleaning and crushing apparatus 1 of the present invention comprises a fixed blade 10 and a rotary blade 11 for cutting and crushing waste plastic by rotation in a base 12 provided on a housing 9. 11 is provided with a hopper 2 having a guide portion for causing waste plastic to bite.

The base body 12 is formed by connecting both ends of a pair of rectangular side plates into a rectangular parallelepiped shape by connecting a front plate and a back plate. The front plate and the back plate are interrupted above the lower end of the side plate. A take-out port 13 for dropping the waste plastic pulverized material is formed by connecting a hanging piece to a diagonal piece extending diagonally downward from the end. The outlet 13 is connected to the screw conveyor 3 (see FIG. 2).

On the surface of the base 12 facing the front plate and the back plate,
A fixed blade fixture 14 for receiving the fixed blade 10 in the direction in which the rotary blade 11 rotates and for firmly fixing the fixed blade 10 without unevenness is provided horizontally at substantially the same height. Fixed blade 10
The upper edge of a horizontally long rectangular base portion is a blade portion, and the base portion is detachably fixed to the fixed blade mounting member 14 via a plate using a fixing tool such as a bolt.

The base 12 has a lower opening 12b which is opened by removing an upper cover 12a which can be freely opened and closed (see FIG. 4). The opening 12b is formed by the opening 12b. The fixed blade 10 fixed to the fixed blade mounting fixture 14 on the back plate can be easily replaced.

Inside the base 12, a rotating roll 11a which rotates leftward in FIG. 3 by a reduction motor 15 or the like disposed below the housing 9 is horizontally disposed by being bridged between the side plates. This rotating roll 11a has
As shown in the figure, a plurality of disk-shaped rotating bodies 11b are fixed through the center of the rotating body 11b, and a rotating blade mounting surface 11c directed toward the rotating center of the rotating body 11b and a rotating center of the rotating blade mounting surface 11c. Recess 11e surrounded by a back surface 11d extending substantially perpendicularly from the side edge toward the roll surface.
Are provided at intervals of about 120 degrees.

The rotary blade 11 has one lower edge of a base similar to the fixed blade 10 as a blade portion, and is pressed against each rotary blade mounting surface 11b, and is firmly fixed using a fixing tool such as a bolt via a plate. And detachably fixed to the rotating body 11b. In the illustrated example, four rotary blades 11 are used,
Needless to say, the number of the rotary blades 11 can be appropriately increased or decreased.

The blade portion of the fixed blade 10 and the blade portion of the rotary blade 11 are opposed to each other by the rotation of the rotary roll 11a, and the fixed blade 10 on the back plate side cleans the blade portion of the rotary blade 11. It has a function to do.

In particular, the gap 11f formed in the disk-shaped rotating body 11b that supports the rotating blade 11 of the present invention has a function of releasing waste plastic during pulverization. Therefore, the cut waste plastic is made easier to escape from the fixed blade 10, and the next waste plastic is turned into the rotating blade 11 and the fixed blade 1.
0, so that it can be cut continuously and efficiently.

Further, since the rotary blade 11 is attached to the tip of the rotary body 11b in a state of being inclined in a flat V-shape, when the rotary blade 11 and the fixed blade 10 are cut like scissors, the rotary blade 11 is fixed. The waste plastic escaping in the lateral direction of the blade 10 can be steadily caught and cut at the substantially V-shaped valley portion and crushed.

Two shower nozzles 16 are provided at an upper position of the hopper 2. From this shower nozzle 16, water for washing the pulverized material is jetted. The injection state is
It is also possible to spray in mist. The water sprayed from the shower nozzle 16 is used to wash both sides of the cut and crushed waste plastic crushed by the fixed blade 10 and the rotary blade 11 to remove the sugar content of the drinking water of the PET bottle. At the same time, the inner surface to which is adhered is also washed.

The shower nozzle 16 does not necessarily need to be mounted at the upper position of the hopper 2 and is arranged near the positions of the fixed blade 10 and the rotary blade 12 of the substrate 12 to be actually cut and crushed or near a screen 17 described later. It is also possible.

At a position below the rotary blade 11 on the base 12, a screen 17 having a substantially gutter shape having a through-hole for passing only a cut and pulverized material having a predetermined size is arranged.
The screen 16 can be removably slid into the base 12 through a gap opened on the side surface.

In the washing and crushing apparatus 1 configured as described above,
The waste plastic introduced from the hopper 2 can be cut and crushed by being bitten by the fixed blade 10 and the rotary blade 11 of the base 12, and in particular, the crushed material can be washed simultaneously with the crushing water from the shower nozzle 16. Can be.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment of the present invention. A method or a reprocessing apparatus for regenerating high-purity plastic raw materials with simple equipment by simultaneously washing and cleaning a waste plastic. If so, it is needless to say that the configuration is not limited to the illustrated steps, processing equipment, or processing apparatus, and various changes can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention.

[0036]

As described above, according to the washing and pulverizing method of the present invention, the waste plastic can be washed with water simultaneously with the pulverization, so that the processing time can be shortened. The water used for washing the waste plastic and the water dewatered from the pulverized material can be circulated and reused, so that the running cost can be reduced and the wastewater treatment amount can be reduced.

Further, since the washing and crushing device is provided with a shower nozzle for spraying water for washing the crushed material into the device, the crushing and washing can be performed simultaneously with the crushing with a simple configuration.
Since the rotating body of the rotary blade has multiple gaps to allow waste plastic during grinding to escape, the waste plastic after cutting can easily escape from the rotary blade and fixed blade, and the next waste plastic can be removed from the rotary blade. It is possible to cut and pulverize continuously and efficiently by making it surely bite into the fixed blade. Further, in the case of a rotary blade that is inclined in a flat and substantially V-shaped shape, when cutting with a rotary blade and a fixed blade like scissors, waste plastic that escapes in the horizontal direction on the fixed blade is substantially V-shaped. There is an effect that it can be steadily caught and cut at the trough-shaped valley portion and efficiently crushed.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory block diagram showing each processing step constituting a method of cleaning and pulverizing waste plastic of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a front view showing a series of equipment for performing a method of washing and crushing waste plastic.

FIG. 3 is a partially cutaway side view showing the cleaning and crushing apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged perspective view showing a fixed blade and a rotary blade in a base of the washing and crushing apparatus.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory block diagram showing each processing step of a conventional waste plastic crushing method.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Washing crusher 2 Hopper 4 Separation water tank 5 Centrifuge 6 Dry blower 7 Cyclone 10 Fixed blade 11 Rotary blade 11b Rotating body 11f Gap 12 Substrate 16 Shower nozzle 17 Screen

[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] January 5, 2001 (2001.1.5)

[Procedure amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Drawing

[Correction target item name] Figure 2

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

FIG. 2

[Procedure amendment 2]

[Document name to be amended] Drawing

[Correction target item name] Figure 3

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

FIG. 3

[Procedure amendment 3]

[Document name to be amended] Drawing

[Correction target item name] Fig. 4

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

FIG. 4

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) B29B 17/02 B29B 17/02 F term (Reference) 3B201 AA48 AB01 AB17 BB22 BB92 CA06 CB15 CC12 CD22 4D065 CA16 CB01 CC01 DD06 DD18 DD26 EB14 ED06 ED16 ED23 ED39 4F301 AA25 BF09 BF12 BF26 BF27 BF32 BG22

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A waste plastic is subjected to a separation treatment for removing different kinds of materials such as metal, paper, and plastic from the waste plastic, and then the waste plastic is pulverized into a pulverized product having a predetermined shape and size, and simultaneously washed with water. And a method for washing and crushing waste plastics, wherein the crushed material is dehydrated and dried to produce a plastic material that can be reused. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pulverized material is further finely pulverized. 3. The method for washing and crushing waste plastic according to claim 1, wherein water used for water washing and water dewatered from the crushed material are circulated and reused simultaneously with crushing the waste plastic. . 4. A fixed blade (10) provided in a substantially rectangular parallelepiped base (12) connecting a pair of rectangular side plates at both ends to a front plate and a back plate, and meshing with the fixed blade (10). Blade that rotates to cut and crush waste plastic (11)
A hopper (2) provided on the base (12) and having a guide portion for guiding waste plastic to the rotary blade (11) and the fixed blade (10) to be engaged therewith; A shower nozzle (16) for injecting water for washing the pulverized material in (1), and a screen (1) provided in the substrate (12) and having a through-hole for passing only the pulverized material of a predetermined size cut and pulverized.
7) A washing and crushing device for waste plastic, comprising: 5. A rotating body (11b) of the rotating blade (11).
5. The apparatus for cleaning and grinding waste plastic according to claim 4, wherein a plurality of gaps (11f) for allowing waste plastic in the course of grinding to escape are formed. 6. A washing and crushing device for waste plastic, wherein the rotary blade (11) is attached to the tip of a rotary body (11b) in a state of being inclined in a flat V-shape.