CN112842996A - 一种使用天然原料的类胡萝卜素纳米乳液及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种使用天然原料的类胡萝卜素纳米乳液及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112842996A CN112842996A CN202011551899.8A CN202011551899A CN112842996A CN 112842996 A CN112842996 A CN 112842996A CN 202011551899 A CN202011551899 A CN 202011551899A CN 112842996 A CN112842996 A CN 112842996A
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- carotenoid
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- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种使用天然原料的类胡萝卜素纳米乳液及制备方法,由以下原料组成:天然类胡萝卜素,脂肪、油,磷脂,多元醇,蛋白,酸,糖和水。本发明所述乳液配方完全使用天然原料制成,并且不使用任何有机溶剂,同时含水量低,在对天然类胡萝卜素不进行化学加工的情况下显著提高了天然类胡萝卜素的储藏稳定性,同时能够以平均粒径为100nm左右的液滴分散到水中,形成澄清的水分散液,并能显著提高天然类胡萝卜素的生体吸收率。本发明解决了当前类胡萝卜素需要使用化学合成的乳化剂来进行乳化或需要使用有机溶剂进行制备,以及无法长期稳定储存的问题。本发明所述乳液可以在食品、饮料、化妆品、护肤品、药品等产品上应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物物质制备技术领域,具体为一种使用天然原料的类胡萝卜素纳米乳液及其制备方法。
背景技术
天然类胡萝卜素是具有抗氧化、类维生素等功能的物质,常被作为活性因子应用在食品、饮料、化妆品、护肤品、药品之中。因此天然类胡萝卜素具有巨大的市场潜力。天然类胡萝卜素是油溶性的物质,水溶性极差,天然类胡萝卜素还常以酯化的形式存在,进一步降低了其在水中的溶解度。此外,作为具有不饱和长链的物质,未经处理的类胡萝卜素在自然条件下极易被氧化降解从而失去活性。因此需要苛刻的储存条件。作为油溶性的物质,未经加工的类胡萝卜素的生体吸收率较低,特别是作为外用使用时。因此,如何提高天然类胡萝卜素的水溶性、储藏稳定性和其生体吸收率是将扩大类胡萝卜素可应用产品范围的关键。
提高类胡萝卜素水分散性及储存稳定性的方法之一是对其进行乳化制成乳液,即通过将类胡萝卜素溶解在一种油相中,通过添加表面活性剂使溶解有类胡萝卜素的油相作为小粒径的油滴分散在水溶液中的方法,或通过先将类胡萝卜素溶解于有机溶剂再加入水并将有机溶剂蒸发仪形成水分散液的方法。现存的类胡萝卜素乳液通常使用化学合成的表面活性剂作为乳化剂,或需要使用有机溶剂来制备。随着近年来消费者健康意识的提高,市场对于添加化学合成表面活性剂的产品及工艺中使用有机溶剂的产品的接受度不断下降。此外,使用现存方法制备的类胡萝卜素乳液中油滴的粒径较大,在高浓度时难以形成澄清的水分散液,并且长期储存后容易出现油水分离的现象。
发明内容
为解决现有技术存在的缺陷,本发明提供一种使用天然原料的类胡萝卜素纳米乳液及其制备方法。本发明提供了如下的技术方案:
本发明提供一种使用天然原料的类胡萝卜素纳米乳液,由以下原料组成:天然类胡萝卜素,脂肪、油,磷脂,多元醇,蛋白,酸,糖和水;其中,天然类胡萝卜素占乳液总重量的0.5%~20%,脂肪、油与天然类胡萝卜素的重量比为1:2~10:1,磷脂与天然类胡萝卜素的重量比为1:5~5:1,多元醇与天然类胡萝卜素的重量比为1:1~20:1,蛋白与天然类胡萝卜素的重量比为1:10~10:1,酸与天然类胡萝卜素的重量比为1:5~5:1,糖与天然类胡萝卜素的重量比为1:10~10:1。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案,天然类胡萝卜素是指从植物、动物、微生物中获得的未经化学加工的游离类胡萝卜素及其酯化物。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案,脂肪、油是指任何动物、植物、矿物源,并经任何化学处理的脂肪类和油类物质。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案,磷脂为天然卵磷脂、溶血卵磷脂中的一种或几种。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案,多元醇为植物、微生物源的甘油、山梨糖醇、丙二醇中的一种或几种。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案,蛋白为植物、微生物源的蛋白或以其为原料的利用生物酶法制成的蛋白肽,以及糖蛋白。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案,酸为植物源、微生物源、矿物源的可溶于水的酸性物质。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案,糖为植物源、微生物源的单糖、二糖、多糖中的一种或几种。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案,本发明还提供一种使用天然原料的类胡萝卜素纳米乳液的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将天然类胡萝卜素、磷脂溶解到脂肪、油中得到油相,溶解过程的温度为20℃~80℃;其中,天然类胡萝卜素占乳液总重量的0.5%~20%,脂肪、油与天然类胡萝卜素的重量比为1:2~10:1,磷脂与天然类胡萝卜素的重量比为1:5~5:1;
S2、将多元醇、蛋白、酸、糖溶解到水得到水相,多元醇与水的比例为1:10~1:1,蛋白与水的比例为1:10~1:1,酸与水的比例为1:500-1:5,糖与水的比例为1:500~1:5;
S3、将油相与水相混合得到油水相混合物,油相与水相的比例为1:10~5:1;
S4、将上述混合物通过高速剪切的方法制成粗乳液,剪切温度为20℃~80℃,剪切机转速为1000rpm~12000rpm;
S5、将上述粗乳液通过双段高压均质的方法制成使用天然原料的类胡萝卜素纳米乳液,均质温度为20℃~80℃,一段均质压力为100bar~300bar,二段均质压力为500bar~1200bar。
本发明相较于现有技术,具有以下有益效果:
本发明所述乳液完全使用天然材料制成,利用天然的糖、多元醇、磷脂、蛋白、酸按特定比例混合,起到代替化学合成的表面活性剂的作用。因此能够在不添加任何化学合成的乳化剂或使用溶剂的前提下,将类胡萝卜素制成纳米级的水分散乳液。本发明所述配方通过结合本发明所述的乳化时的操作参数,将乳液中的油相粒径控制在纳米级,以平均粒径为100nm左右的液滴分散到水中,形成澄清的水溶液。本发明所述乳液含水量低,在对天然类胡萝卜素不进行化学加工或市容有机溶剂的前提下显著提高了天然类胡萝卜素的储藏稳定性,同时显著得提高了天然类胡萝卜素的活体吸收率。本发明所述乳液可以在食品、饮料、化妆品、护肤品、药品等产品上应用。
本发明所述的一种使用天然原料的类胡萝卜素纳米乳液,由以下原料组成:天然类胡萝卜素,脂肪、油,磷脂,多元醇,蛋白,酸,糖和水。本发明所述乳液利用磷脂,多元醇,蛋白,糖替代化学合成的乳化剂,同时不需要使用有机溶剂蒸发法,利用机械剪切和均质,将含有天然类胡萝卜素的脂肪、油制成油水乳液,并能够提高类胡萝卜素的生体吸收率。本发明所述乳液配方中,脂肪、油为天然类胡萝卜素载体,通过使用磷脂,多元醇,蛋白,糖作为乳化剂,并通过高速剪切机高压均质,使得天然类胡萝卜素载体在水中形成平均粒径100nm的悬浮油滴,即本发明所述乳液。
磷脂作为拥有亲水和疏水端的物质,本身具有表面活性剂的特性,但仅以磷脂作为表面活性剂形成的乳液粒径大,容易产生分层现象,同时以卵磷脂为乳化剂制作的乳液有较重的油脂及磷脂气味。蛋白,包括蛋白水解得到的蛋白肽拥有亲水及疏水基团,具有一定的乳化效果,但蛋白水溶性差,其溶解度难以满足乳化剂所需的溶解度需求。蛋白肽溶解度优于蛋白,但溶解后有强烈的肽特有的腥味,且其稳定性较差。多元醇与糖本身不具备乳化剂的效果,但其具有的羟基能够与水溶液中的溶解的物质的氢原子形成氢键。
本发明所述乳液配方,以磷脂及蛋白(蛋白肽)作为水油乳液的基础乳化剂(表面活性剂),通过添加多元醇、糖作为辅助乳化剂,与基础乳化剂及水分子通过氢键结合,有效的提升了基础乳化剂的乳化效果,降低了作为类胡萝卜素载体的乳液悬浮油滴的粒径,提高了乳液的稳定性,同时减少了形成乳液所需的基础乳化剂的添加量。磷脂溶于水溶液中后能够形成的由磷脂分子组成的脂质体结构。脂质体结构外侧亲水,内侧疏水,因此能够将溶解于油相中的类胡萝卜素包埋在其中。但在不添加其他乳化剂的情况下,磷脂脂质体的直径较大,无法形成澄清的乳液。现存通用工艺是通过大量添加人工合成的乳化剂来降低乳液表面张力从而减小脂质体的粒径。糖、醇和酸本身并不具有或仅具有非常有限的乳化效果,因此在现存工艺中并不作为乳化剂使用。但糖和醇具有溶解于水中后能够改变水表面张力的作用,酸具有能够调节其水溶液酸度的作用。磷脂在水溶液中形成的脂质体的粒径除与水的表面张力有关外,还与溶液中氢离子的浓度,即酸度有关。因此本发明所述方法利用在乳液中添加多元醇和糖并通过添加酸来控制乳液酸度,起到了代替人工合成乳化剂的作用。因此能够在不使用人工合成乳化剂的前提下,利用磷脂形成的脂质体形成粒径在100nm左右的,能均匀分散在水中成为澄清水溶液的类胡萝卜素乳液。所述乳液的粒径分布及稳定性均优于使用化学合成乳化剂或使用溶剂蒸发法制成的同类乳液。同时,使用磷脂及蛋白作为基础乳化剂,本发明所述乳液能够提高类胡萝卜素的生体吸收率。此外,通过添加辅助乳化剂及通过两段高压均质,本方明所述乳液中悬浮油滴的平均粒径能够到达100nm。提高了乳液的稳定性、水分散性,并且进一步提高了乳液的生体吸收率。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的优选实施例进行说明,应当理解,此处所描述的优选实施例仅用于说明和解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
本发明所举实施例中所使用的分析检测方法如下:
(1)粒径检测
将按本发明所述方法制备的乳液用Tris-HCl pH7.0的缓冲液稀释100倍,然后在25℃使用纳米粒径分布仪(微纳,2005A,中国)测定粒径分布,本发明乳液的平均粒径为100nm左右,形成的水溶液澄清透明,且在35℃下储存4周后仍然保持澄清透明。
(2)乳液类胡萝卜素含量测定
首先将本发明所述方法制备的乳液中的水在低温下蒸发,然后用丙酮进行1:20的稀释。向上述丙酮稀释液中按1:1体积比加入含有胆固醇酯酶的Tris-HCl pH7.0的缓冲液,缓冲液中胆固醇酯酶浓度为4单元/mL。在37℃下反应45分钟,将类胡萝卜素酯转化为游离类胡萝卜素。按体积比1:1向上述溶液中加入石油醚,将游离类胡萝卜素萃取到石油醚中。离心使得石油醚和含有丙酮的水相分离,将石油醚小心取出后放入一个洁净的容器。使用氮气在低温下将石油醚蒸发,将干燥后的遗留物溶解到与丙酮稀释液体积比为1:1的高纯丙酮中。将20μL的上述高纯丙酮溶液用高效液相色谱仪进行分析(Infinity 1260,安捷伦,美国;柱为InfinityLab 120 HILIC 2.1x150mm,2.7μm,安捷伦,美国;流动相为82:18的己烷:丙酮;流速1mL/分钟;定量波长474nm)。最终类胡萝卜素的浓度根据类胡萝卜素的标准曲线计算得到(类胡萝卜素标准≥98%,西格玛,德国)。
(3)血清类胡萝卜素含量测定
向血清中加入体积比1:1的石油醚将游离类胡萝卜素萃取到石油醚中。离心使得石油醚和含有丙酮的水相分离,将石油醚小心取出后放入一个洁净的容器。使用氮气在低温下将石油醚蒸发,将干燥后的遗留物溶解到与丙酮稀释液体积比为1:1的高纯丙酮中。将20μL的上述高纯丙酮溶液用高效液相色谱仪进行分析(Infinity 1260,安捷伦,美国;柱为InfinityLab 120 HILIC 2.1x150mm,2.7μm,安捷伦,美国;流动相为82:18的己烷:丙酮;流速1mL/分钟)。最终类胡萝卜素的浓度根据虾青素的标准曲线计算得到(标准≥98%,西格玛,德国)。
实施例1:
使用从雨生红球藻中获得的虾青素作为所使用的类胡萝卜素,将30g玉米油加热到50℃,将4g(按游离虾青素计虾青素含量为33.2%的)雨生红球藻提取物(即虾青素酯)以及3g大豆磷脂溶解形成油相。将2g山梨糖醇,2g丙二醇,0.5g的明胶,0.5g的麦芽糊精,0.1g的阿拉伯胶,0.05g的柠檬酸溶解到20g水中以形成水相。将油相与水相混合,先使用高速剪切乳化机(Wiggens,D-500,中国)将混合物至成粗乳液,剪切温度50℃;再使用高压均质机(ATS,AH-PILOT,中国)制成完成品乳液,均质温度35℃,一段压力300bar,二段压力800bar。
经检测,此乳液虾青素占总重量比为1.3%。按此方法制备的乳液平均粒径为98nm,在35摄氏度下密封储藏30天后,虾青素(按游离虾青素计)的降解率为1.7%,相比未处理的雨生红球藻提取物(降解率为55.6%),以及按对照例制作的乳液(降解率为35.0%)有显著的提高。储存后的乳液中平均粒径为109nm,且没有可见的油、水相分离的发生。按此实施例制备的乳液、按对照例制备的乳液,和含有等量虾青素(按游离虾青素计)的红球藻提取物分别口服给成年小鼠(250g-300g),口服按本发明配置的乳液,服用量为0.1mg/g(按游离虾青素计算),在服用后每3小时取一次血样,离心以获得血清并对血清内虾青素的含量进行检测。检测结果表明,按本发明制备的乳液相比未经处理的红球藻提取物及按对照例方法制备的乳液,喂食后2小时在小鼠血清内的含量得到了显著的提高(本发明乳液为92ng/mL,对照例为34ng/mL,未处理红球藻提取物为21ng/mL)。
对照例:
使用从雨生红球藻中获得的虾青素作为所使用的类胡萝卜素,将20g玉米油与40g乙酸乙酯混合,将9g(按游离虾青素计虾青素含量为33.2%的)雨生红球藻提取物(即虾青素酯)溶解,相继加入3g聚甘油-10月桂酸酯、8g乙醇、20g预先溶有1g乙二胺四乙酸的pH7的Tris缓冲液。使用高速剪切乳化机(Wiggens,D-500,中国)将混合物制成乳液,再使用高压均质机(ATS,AH-NANO,中国)制成完成品乳液。经检测,此乳液虾青素占总重量比为2.7%。按此方法制备的乳液平均粒径为340nm,在35℃下密封储藏30天后,虾青素(按游离虾青素计)的降解率为35%,且储存后的乳液有可见的油、水相分离的发生。
最后应说明的是:以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种使用天然原料的类胡萝卜素纳米乳液,其特征在于,由以下原料组成:天然类胡萝卜素,脂肪、油,磷脂,多元醇,蛋白,酸,糖和水;其中,天然类胡萝卜素占乳液总重量的0.5%~20%,脂肪、油与天然类胡萝卜素的重量比为1:2~10:1,磷脂与天然类胡萝卜素的重量比为1:5~5:1,多元醇与天然类胡萝卜素的重量比为1:1~20:1,蛋白与天然类胡萝卜素的重量比为1:10~10:1,酸与天然类胡萝卜素的重量比为1:5~5:1,糖与天然类胡萝卜素的重量比为1:10~10:1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的使用天然原料的类胡萝卜素纳米乳液,其特征在于,天然类胡萝卜素是指从植物、动物、微生物中获得的未经化学加工的游离类胡萝卜素及其酯化物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的使用天然原料的类胡萝卜素纳米乳液,其特征在于,脂肪、油是指任何动物、植物、矿物源,并经任何化学处理的脂肪类和油类物质。
4.根据权利要求1所述的使用天然原料的类胡萝卜素纳米乳液,其特征在于,磷脂为天然卵磷脂、溶血卵磷脂中的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的使用天然原料的类胡萝卜素纳米乳液,其特征在于,多元醇为植物、微生物源的甘油、山梨糖醇、丙二醇中的一种或几种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的使用天然原料的类胡萝卜素纳米乳液,其特征在于,蛋白为植物、微生物源的蛋白或以其为原料的利用生物酶法制成的蛋白肽,以及糖蛋白。
7.根据权利要求1所述的使用天然原料的类胡萝卜素纳米乳液,其特征在于,酸为植物源、微生物源、矿物源的可溶于水的酸性物质。
8.根据权利要求1所述的含有使用天然原料的类胡萝卜素纳米乳液,其特征在于,糖为植物源、微生物源的单糖、二糖、多糖中的一种或几种。
9.一种如权利要求1-8任一所述的使用天然原料的类胡萝卜素纳米乳液的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、将天然类胡萝卜素、磷脂溶解到脂肪、油中得到油相,溶解过程的温度为20℃~80℃;其中,天然类胡萝卜素占乳液总重量的0.5%~20%,脂肪、油与天然类胡萝卜素的重量比为1:2~10:1,磷脂与天然类胡萝卜素的重量比为1:5~5:1;
S2、将多元醇、蛋白、酸、糖溶解到水得到水相,多元醇与水的比例为1:10~1:1,蛋白与水的比例为1:10~1:1,酸与水的比例为1:500-1:5,糖与水的比例为1:500~1:5;
S3、将油相与水相混合得到油水相混合物,油相与水相的比例为1:10~5:1;
S4、将上述混合物通过高速剪切的方法制成粗乳液,剪切温度为20℃~80℃,剪切机转速为1000rpm~12000rpm;
S5、将上述粗乳液通过双段高压均质的方法制成使用天然原料的类胡萝卜素纳米乳液,均质温度为20℃~80℃,一段均质压力为100bar~300bar,二段均质压力为500bar~1200bar。
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