CN112840972A - Strawberry planting method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a strawberry planting method, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of selecting a proper variety, culturing seedlings, performing soil detoxification treatment, performing the fourth step, finishing small high ridges, performing the fifth step, performing fine seedling body planting, performing the sixth step, managing fertilizer and water, performing the seventh step, managing temperature and humidity, performing the eighth step, assisting yield increase, performing the ninth step, performing comprehensive pest control, performing the tenth step, harvesting strawberries, performing scientific management to reduce the use of fertilizers and medicines, reducing the production cost, effectively reducing pests and increasing the yield and quality of the strawberries.

Description

Strawberry planting method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of strawberry planting, in particular to a planting method of strawberries.

Background

Strawberry is bright red and beautiful, soft and juicy, has light fruit flavor, is complete in color, aroma and taste, has high nutritional value, has components which are easy to digest and absorb by human bodies, is called as 'fruit queen' in fruits, is deeply loved by people, has short growth period, can be harvested from 12 months in the current year to 4 months in the next year in a greenhouse planting period, has high economic benefit, but now a plurality of diseases and insect pests can occur in the planting period of a plurality of strawberries, and the yield can be reduced due to improper fertilizer or management, so that the strawberry planting method is designed according to the conditions, and the scientific and reasonable management method is accurately applied, thereby improving the fruit quality and the production quantity of the strawberries.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects of the technology and provide a strawberry planting method.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is a strawberry planting method: the method comprises the following steps of selecting a suitable variety, selecting a strawberry variety which has high yield, early maturity, good continuous growth potential, drought resistance, low temperature resistance and particularly strong disease resistance;

secondly, culturing seedlings, and culturing seedlings which are pure in variety, strong in growth, free of diseases and insect pests, developed, tender, white and complete in root system, multiple in fibrous root system, 3-5 green leaves kept in seedling bodies, thick, tender and green in leaf stalk appearance and active, free of damage to top teeth, non-toxic in whole seedlings and 45-55d in seedling age;

thirdly, soil is subjected to non-toxic treatment, a, sandy loam plots with the underground water level of 80-100CM and the pH value of 5.6-6.5 are selected, the soil is fertile, the organic matter content is 1.5-2%, the permeability is good, the fertilizer and water retention capacity is strong, the texture is loose, deep ploughing is carried out for 25-30CM in the 5-6 month period, the soil is mainly exposed to the sun, pests and diseases in the surface layer of the soil are directly killed, and 50% of carbendazim 500-;

b. in 7 months, performing irrigation sterilization treatment, wherein during the irrigation sterilization treatment, the water retention work of the land is well performed, a water layer is kept at 4-5CM, the water temperature is high, the sterilization is facilitated, and the treatment is performed by using a strawberry soil sterilization treatment agent;

c. combining with secondary ploughing and drying, uniformly spreading decomposed farmyard manure 2000 kg/mu and dazomet 20-30 kg/mu, combining fertilizer and pesticide to make the soil diameter less than or equal to 5CM, and keeping soil humidity about 80%;

d. fine-ploughing and fine-planting in 8 months, keeping the soil humidity at 50-70%, applying 1500 kg/mu of high-quality farmyard manure or 50-60 kg/mu of special compound fertilizer and 40-50 kg/mu of potassium sulfate again, performing treatment by using strawberry sterilizing agent, carbendazim and the like for the second time, and preparing fine ridge surface soil fragments with the mud block diameter less than 1 CM;

fourthly, finishing small high ridges, ridging and ridging 7-10 days before transplanting, wherein the ridge height is about 30cm, the growth of strawberry root systems is suitable, the surface width is 30cm, the number of seedlings which can be planted in a unit area is kept, the furrow width is 30cm, and pedestrians can walk independently;

fifthly, fine seedling body planting, planting strawberries in a greenhouse from the middle and last ten days of 9 months to the middle and last ten days of 10 months, reasonably and densely planting the strawberries, wherein the light transmittance and the ventilation of the plants are affected due to overlarge density, the reasonable planting density is 5500 plus 6000 plants/mu, the core is not buried at the top and the roots are not exposed at the bottom during planting, the root parts are level to the surface of the furrow, and watering is carried out while planting;

sixthly, managing fertilizer and water, a, promoting fruit fertilizer, applying nitrogen and potassium fertilizer along with water before flowering, promoting flower bud differentiation of seedling bodies, and meeting the physiological growth requirement;

b. in the fruit expanding period, the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is applied along with water, the high yield of the strawberries is ensured, the interval between two times of fertilizer and water application is kept about 8d, the watering time is in the morning on the cloudy day, and the photosynthetic absorption is facilitated; watering at the evening in the early growth stage, and avoiding high temperature; the late growth is performed at noon, so that the influence of low temperature is reduced;

seventhly, managing temperature and humidity, covering a shed film in time when the average daily temperature is lower than 18 ℃ (before the strawberries are dormant), controlling the temperature to be 24-26 ℃ earlier in the daytime in the bud period, controlling the temperature to be 10-12 ℃ at night, keeping the relative humidity to be about 70%, controlling the temperature to be 23-25 ℃ in the daytime in the flowering period, controlling the temperature to be 8-10 ℃ at night, keeping the relative humidity to be about 40%, controlling the temperature to be 20-25 ℃ in the daytime in the mature period, influencing the growth process of the strawberries according to the temperature, and determining the occurrence degree of diseases such as gray mold, powdery mildew and the like according to the humidity;

eighthly, assisting in increasing yield, a, preventing the strawberries from being in a dormant state, promoting growth by adopting gibberellin, accumulating more nutrient components for the flowering result, spraying gibberellin 800-fold liquid with the concentration of 4%, and using the liquid for two times;

b. the foliar fertilizer is applied to the leaves, the utilization rate and the speed of nutrients are improved, the characteristic of fertilizer storage in the flowering period is met, and 1000-fold and 1500-fold potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed for 2-3 times every 10 days on the current flowering day;

c. artificial pollination is facilitated, the fruit setting rate of the strawberries is improved, deformed fruits are reduced, and artificial pollination or medium pollination by stocking bees is performed in sunny weather;

d. thinning flowers and fruits to reduce nutrient loss, and removing withered and old diseased leaves, axillary buds and grape stems;

step nine, comprehensively controlling diseases and pests, controlling gray mold and powdery mildew by chlorothalonil, controlling pests such as spider mites and thrips, and selecting insecticides such as imidacloprid for controlling;

the tenth step, the strawberries are harvested, when the strawberries are eaten fresh and are transported in a short distance, the strawberries are harvested when being colored by 90%, when the strawberries are transported in a long distance, the strawberries are harvested when being colored by 80%, the strawberries are harvested once in 1-2 days in the early stage, and the strawberries are harvested once in 1 day in the later stage, so that the.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: scientific management can reduce the use of fertilizers and medicines, reduce the production cost, effectively reduce plant diseases and insect pests and increase the yield and the quality of the strawberries.

Detailed Description

The method for planting strawberries according to the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following examples.

A strawberry planting method comprises the steps of selecting a suitable variety, selecting a strawberry variety with high yield, early ripening, good continuous growth vigor, drought resistance, low temperature resistance and particularly strong disease resistance;

secondly, culturing seedlings, and culturing seedlings which are pure in variety, strong in growth, free of diseases and insect pests, developed, tender, white and complete in root system, multiple in fibrous root system, 3-5 green leaves kept in seedling bodies, thick, tender and green in leaf stalk appearance and active, free of damage to top teeth, non-toxic in whole seedlings and 45-55d in seedling age;

thirdly, soil is subjected to non-toxic treatment, a, sandy loam plots with the underground water level of 80-100CM and the pH value of 5.6-6.5 are selected, the soil is fertile, the organic matter content is 1.5-2%, the permeability is good, the fertilizer and water retention capacity is strong, the texture is loose, deep ploughing is carried out for 25-30CM in the 5-6 month period, the soil is mainly exposed to the sun, pests and diseases in the surface layer of the soil are directly killed, and 50% of carbendazim 500-;

b. in 7 months, performing irrigation sterilization treatment, wherein during the irrigation sterilization treatment, the water retention work of the land is well performed, a water layer is kept at 4-5CM, the water temperature is high, the sterilization is facilitated, and the treatment is performed by using a strawberry soil sterilization treatment agent;

c. combining with secondary ploughing and drying, uniformly spreading decomposed farmyard manure 2000 kg/mu and dazomet 20-30 kg/mu, combining fertilizer and pesticide to make the soil diameter less than or equal to 5CM, and keeping soil humidity about 80%;

d. fine-ploughing and fine-planting in 8 months, keeping the soil humidity at 50-70%, applying 1500 kg/mu of high-quality farmyard manure or 50-60 kg/mu of special compound fertilizer and 40-50 kg/mu of potassium sulfate again, performing treatment by using strawberry sterilizing agent, carbendazim and the like for the second time, and preparing fine ridge surface soil fragments with the mud block diameter less than 1 CM;

fourthly, finishing small high ridges, ridging and ridging 7-10 days before transplanting, wherein the ridge height is about 30cm, the growth of strawberry root systems is suitable, the surface width is 30cm, the number of seedlings which can be planted in a unit area is kept, the furrow width is 30cm, and pedestrians can walk independently;

fifthly, fine seedling body planting, planting strawberries in a greenhouse from the middle and last ten days of 9 months to the middle and last ten days of 10 months, reasonably and densely planting the strawberries, wherein the light transmittance and the ventilation of the plants are affected due to overlarge density, the reasonable planting density is 5500 plus 6000 plants/mu, the core is not buried at the top and the roots are not exposed at the bottom during planting, the root parts are level to the surface of the furrow, and watering is carried out while planting;

sixthly, managing fertilizer and water, a, promoting fruit fertilizer, applying nitrogen and potassium fertilizer along with water before flowering, promoting flower bud differentiation of seedling bodies, and meeting the physiological growth requirement;

b. in the fruit expanding period, the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is applied along with water, the high yield of the strawberries is ensured, the interval between two times of fertilizer and water application is kept about 8d, the watering time is in the morning on the cloudy day, and the photosynthetic absorption is facilitated; watering at the evening in the early growth stage, and avoiding high temperature; the late growth is performed at noon, so that the influence of low temperature is reduced;

seventhly, managing temperature and humidity, covering a shed film in time when the average daily temperature is lower than 18 ℃ (before the strawberries are dormant), controlling the temperature to be 24-26 ℃ earlier in the daytime in the bud period, controlling the temperature to be 10-12 ℃ at night, keeping the relative humidity to be about 70%, controlling the temperature to be 23-25 ℃ in the daytime in the flowering period, controlling the temperature to be 8-10 ℃ at night, keeping the relative humidity to be about 40%, controlling the temperature to be 20-25 ℃ in the daytime in the mature period, influencing the growth process of the strawberries according to the temperature, and determining the occurrence degree of diseases such as gray mold, powdery mildew and the like according to the humidity;

eighthly, assisting in increasing yield, a, preventing the strawberries from being in a dormant state, promoting growth by adopting gibberellin, accumulating more nutrient components for the flowering result, spraying gibberellin 800-fold liquid with the concentration of 4%, and using the liquid for two times;

b. the foliar fertilizer is applied to the leaves, the utilization rate and the speed of nutrients are improved, the characteristic of fertilizer storage in the flowering period is met, and 1000-fold and 1500-fold potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed for 2-3 times every 10 days on the current flowering day;

c. artificial pollination is facilitated, the fruit setting rate of the strawberries is improved, deformed fruits are reduced, and artificial pollination or medium pollination by stocking bees is performed in sunny weather;

d. thinning flowers and fruits to reduce nutrient loss, and removing withered and old diseased leaves, axillary buds and grape stems;

step nine, comprehensively controlling diseases and pests, controlling gray mold and powdery mildew by chlorothalonil, controlling pests such as spider mites and thrips, and selecting insecticides such as imidacloprid for controlling;

the tenth step, the strawberries are harvested, when the strawberries are eaten fresh and are transported in a short distance, the strawberries are harvested when being colored by 90%, when the strawberries are transported in a long distance, the strawberries are harvested when being colored by 80%, the strawberries are harvested once in 1-2 days in the early stage, and the strawberries are harvested once in 1 day in the later stage, so that the.

In the specific implementation of the method, in the first step, a suitable variety is selected, and a strawberry variety which has the characteristics of high yield, early ripening, good continuous growth potential, drought resistance, low temperature resistance and particularly strong disease resistance is selected;

secondly, culturing seedlings, and culturing seedlings which are pure in variety, strong in growth, free of diseases and insect pests, developed, tender, white and complete in root system, multiple in fibrous root system, 3-5 green leaves kept in seedling bodies, thick, tender and green in leaf stalk appearance and active, free of damage to top teeth, non-toxic in whole seedlings and 45-55d in seedling age;

thirdly, soil is subjected to non-toxic treatment, a, sandy loam plots with the underground water level of 80-100CM and the pH value of 5.6-6.5 are selected, the soil is fertile, the organic matter content is 1.5-2%, the permeability is good, the fertilizer and water retention capacity is strong, the texture is loose, deep ploughing is carried out for 25-30CM in 5-6 months for drying the soil, diseases and insect pests in the surface layer of the soil are directly killed by mainly exposing the soil to the sun, 50% carbendazim 500-;

b. in 7 months, performing irrigation sterilization treatment, wherein during the irrigation sterilization treatment, the water retention work of the land is well performed, a water layer is kept at 4-5CM, the water temperature is high, the sterilization is facilitated, and the treatment is performed by using a strawberry soil sterilization treatment agent;

c. combining with secondary ploughing and drying, uniformly spreading decomposed farmyard manure 2000 kg/mu and dazomet 20-30 kg/mu, combining fertilizer and pesticide to make the soil diameter less than or equal to 5CM, and keeping soil humidity about 80%;

d. fine-ploughing and fine-planting in 8 months, keeping the soil humidity at 50-70%, applying 1500 kg/mu of high-quality farmyard manure or 50-60 kg/mu of special compound fertilizer and 40-50 kg/mu of potassium sulfate again, performing treatment by using strawberry sterilizing agent, carbendazim and the like for the second time, and preparing fine ridge surface soil fragments with the mud block diameter less than 1 CM;

fourthly, finishing small high ridges, ridging and ridging 7-10 days before transplanting, wherein the ridge height is about 30cm, the growth of strawberry root systems is suitable, the surface width is 30cm, the number of seedlings which can be planted in a unit area is kept, the furrow width is 30cm, and pedestrians can walk independently;

fifthly, fine seedling body planting is carried out, the planting time of the strawberries is according to meteorological conditions, the planting is early, the air temperature is high, the seedling body is easy to lack water, the survival rate is low, if the planting is too late, the air temperature is reduced to influence the time of appearing on the market, meanwhile, the plant growth time is shortened, the flower bud differentiation quantity and the development process are restricted, the flower quantity is small, the fruit quantity is reduced, the fruit is not standardized, not full and the like, and the adverse effects of low yield, poor quality, poor benefit and the like are brought, in the middle and late ten days of 9 months to the middle and late days of 10 months, the strawberries are planted in a greenhouse, the strawberries are reasonably densely planted, the density is too high, the light transmission and the ventilation of the plants are influenced, the reasonable planting density is 5500 and 6000 plants/acres are required to be planted, the roots are not buried in the middle;

sixthly, managing fertilizer and water, wherein the fertilizer and water are required in the whole growth period of the strawberries in large quantity, the combination of the fertilizer and the water and the supplement of the demand are realized, watering and fertilizer supplement are performed during drip irrigation, two fertilizers are well applied, a, promoting the fruit fertilizer, and applying the nitrogen-potassium fertilizer along with water before flowering to promote the flower bud differentiation of seedling bodies and meet the physiological growth demand;

b. in the fruit expanding period, the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is applied along with water, the high yield of the strawberries is ensured, the interval between two times of fertilizer and water application is kept about 8d, the watering time is in the morning on the cloudy day, and the photosynthetic absorption is facilitated; watering at the evening in the early growth stage, and avoiding high temperature; the late growth is performed at noon, so that the influence of low temperature is reduced;

seventhly, managing temperature and humidity, covering a greenhouse film in time when the daily average temperature is lower than 18 ℃ (before the strawberries are dormant), controlling the temperature to be 24-26 ℃ earlier in the daytime in the bud period, controlling the temperature to be 10-12 ℃ in the night, keeping the relative humidity to be about 70%, controlling the temperature to be 23-25 ℃ in the daytime in the flowering period, controlling the temperature to be 8-10 ℃ in the night, keeping the relative humidity to be about 40%, controlling the temperature to be 20-25 ℃ in the daytime in the mature period, influencing the growth process of the strawberries, determining the occurrence degree of diseases such as gray mold, powdery mildew and the like according to the temperature, easily infecting the strawberries by pathogenic bacteria when the strawberries grow in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, and causing, therefore, the growth of seedlings is influenced, and plants possibly grow with diseases until death, the yield is influenced, the quality is reduced, and the income is reduced, so that the temperature needs to be strictly controlled;

eighthly, assisting in increasing yield, a, preventing the strawberries from being in a dormant state, promoting growth by adopting gibberellin, accumulating more nutrient components for the flowering result, spraying gibberellin 800-fold liquid with the concentration of 4%, and using the liquid for two times;

b. the foliar fertilizer is applied to the leaves, the utilization rate and the speed of nutrients are improved, the characteristic of fertilizer storage in the flowering period is met, and 1000-fold and 1500-fold potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed for 2-3 times every 10 days on the current flowering day;

c. artificial pollination is facilitated, the fruit setting rate of the strawberries is improved, deformed fruits are reduced, and artificial pollination or medium pollination by stocking bees is performed in sunny weather;

d. thinning flowers and fruits to reduce nutrient loss, and removing withered and old diseased leaves, axillary buds and grape stems;

step nine, comprehensively controlling diseases and pests, controlling gray mold and powdery mildew by chlorothalonil, controlling pests such as spider mites and thrips, and selecting insecticides such as imidacloprid for controlling;

the tenth step, the strawberry is gathered, because the strawberry plant shape is short and small, the fruit is close to ground, and it is late to gather, and the fruit is rotten easily, therefore when eating the strawberry short distance transportation freshly, gather when the strawberry is pigmented 90%, during long distance transportation, gather when the strawberry is pigmented 80%, gather once in earlier stage 1-2 days, gather once in later stage 1 day, improve the commodity nature of strawberry.

The present invention and the embodiments thereof have been described above, but the description is not limited thereto, and the embodiments described in the examples are only one of the embodiments of the present invention, and are not limited thereto. In summary, those skilled in the art should appreciate that they can readily use the disclosed conception and specific embodiments as a basis for designing or modifying other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (1)

1. A strawberry planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of selecting a suitable variety, selecting a strawberry variety which has high yield, early maturity, good continuous growth potential, drought resistance, low temperature resistance and particularly strong disease resistance;

secondly, culturing seedlings, and culturing seedlings which are pure in variety, strong in growth, free of diseases and insect pests, developed, tender, white and complete in root system, multiple in fibrous root system, 3-5 green leaves kept in seedling bodies, thick, tender and green in leaf stalk appearance and active, free of damage to top teeth, non-toxic in whole seedlings and 45-55d in seedling age;

thirdly, soil is subjected to non-toxic treatment, a, sandy loam plots with the underground water level of 80-100CM and the pH value of 5.6-6.5 are selected, the soil is fertile, the organic matter content is 1.5-2%, the permeability is good, the fertilizer and water retention capacity is strong, the texture is loose, deep ploughing is carried out for 25-30CM in the 5-6 month period, the soil is mainly exposed to the sun, pests and diseases in the surface layer of the soil are directly killed, and 50% of carbendazim 500-;

b. in 7 months, performing irrigation sterilization treatment, wherein during the irrigation sterilization treatment, the water retention work of the land is well performed, a water layer is kept at 4-5CM, the water temperature is high, the sterilization is facilitated, and the treatment is performed by using a strawberry soil sterilization treatment agent;

c. combining with secondary ploughing and drying, uniformly spreading decomposed farmyard manure 2000 kg/mu and dazomet 20-30 kg/mu, combining fertilizer and pesticide to make the soil diameter less than or equal to 5CM, and keeping soil humidity about 80%;

d. fine-ploughing and fine-planting in 8 months, keeping the soil humidity at 50-70%, applying 1500 kg/mu of high-quality farmyard manure or 50-60 kg/mu of special compound fertilizer and 40-50 kg/mu of potassium sulfate again, performing treatment by using strawberry sterilizing agent, carbendazim and the like for the second time, and preparing fine ridge surface soil fragments with the mud block diameter less than 1 CM;

fourthly, finishing small high ridges, ridging and ridging 7-10 days before transplanting, wherein the ridge height is about 30cm, the growth of strawberry root systems is suitable, the surface width is 30cm, the number of seedlings which can be planted in a unit area is kept, the furrow width is 30cm, and pedestrians can walk independently;

fifthly, fine seedling body planting, planting strawberries in a greenhouse from the middle and last ten days of 9 months to the middle and last ten days of 10 months, reasonably and densely planting the strawberries, wherein the light transmittance and the ventilation of the plants are affected due to overlarge density, the reasonable planting density is 5500 plus 6000 plants/mu, the core is not buried at the top and the roots are not exposed at the bottom during planting, the root parts are level to the surface of the furrow, and watering is carried out while planting;

sixthly, managing fertilizer and water, a, promoting fruit fertilizer, applying nitrogen and potassium fertilizer along with water before flowering, promoting flower bud differentiation of seedling bodies, and meeting the physiological growth requirement;

b. in the fruit expanding period, the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is applied along with water, the high yield of the strawberries is ensured, the interval between two times of fertilizer and water application is kept about 8d, the watering time is in the morning on the cloudy day, and the photosynthetic absorption is facilitated; watering at the evening in the early growth stage, and avoiding high temperature; the late growth is performed at noon, so that the influence of low temperature is reduced;

seventhly, managing temperature and humidity, covering a shed film in time when the average daily temperature is lower than 18 ℃ (before the strawberries are dormant), controlling the temperature to be 24-26 ℃ earlier in the daytime in the bud period, controlling the temperature to be 10-12 ℃ at night, keeping the relative humidity to be about 70%, controlling the temperature to be 23-25 ℃ in the daytime in the flowering period, controlling the temperature to be 8-10 ℃ at night, keeping the relative humidity to be about 40%, controlling the temperature to be 20-25 ℃ in the daytime in the mature period, influencing the growth process of the strawberries according to the temperature, and determining the occurrence degree of diseases such as gray mold, powdery mildew and the like according to the humidity;

eighthly, assisting in increasing yield, a, preventing the strawberries from being in a dormant state, promoting growth by adopting gibberellin, accumulating more nutrient components for the flowering result, spraying gibberellin 800-fold liquid with the concentration of 4%, and using the liquid for two times;

b. the foliar fertilizer is applied to the leaves, the utilization rate and the speed of nutrients are improved, the characteristic of fertilizer storage in the flowering period is met, and 1000-fold and 1500-fold potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed for 2-3 times every 10 days on the current flowering day;

c. artificial pollination is facilitated, the fruit setting rate of the strawberries is improved, deformed fruits are reduced, and artificial pollination or medium pollination by stocking bees is performed in sunny weather;

d. thinning flowers and fruits to reduce nutrient loss, and removing withered and old diseased leaves, axillary buds and grape stems;

step nine, comprehensively controlling diseases and pests, controlling gray mold and powdery mildew by chlorothalonil, controlling pests such as spider mites and thrips, and selecting insecticides such as imidacloprid for controlling;

the tenth step, the strawberries are harvested, when the strawberries are eaten fresh and are transported in a short distance, the strawberries are harvested when being colored by 90%, when the strawberries are transported in a long distance, the strawberries are harvested when being colored by 80%, the strawberries are harvested once in 1-2 days in the early stage, and the strawberries are harvested once in 1 day in the later stage, so that the.