CN112830773A - 湿敏多孔陶瓷、雾化芯及其制备方法 - Google Patents
湿敏多孔陶瓷、雾化芯及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112830773A CN112830773A CN202110024106.5A CN202110024106A CN112830773A CN 112830773 A CN112830773 A CN 112830773A CN 202110024106 A CN202110024106 A CN 202110024106A CN 112830773 A CN112830773 A CN 112830773A
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
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Abstract
本发明的湿敏多孔陶瓷、雾化芯及其制备方法，湿敏多孔陶瓷由湿敏材料和基体材料混合制成，湿敏材料包括1‑30份MgO，1‑60份Cr2O3，1‑30份TiO2，1‑15份NH4VO3，基体材料包括1‑50份陶瓷粉体材料，1‑50份造孔剂，1‑10份烧结助剂；雾化芯包括导液体和发热元件，导液体由湿敏多孔陶瓷制成；制备方法包括步骤：⑴称取MgO、Cr2O3、TiO2、NH4VO3、陶瓷粉体材料、造孔剂、烧结助剂，置于球磨装置中混合球磨；⑵烘烤干燥得到混合粉料；⑶将石蜡加热至融化边搅拌边加入混合粉料得到石蜡浆料；⑷将石蜡浆料注入模具中，冷却脱模后得到蜡模；⑸进行除蜡得到除蜡样；⑹在保护气氛中进行烧结得到湿敏多孔陶瓷。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于湿敏多孔陶瓷、湿敏多孔瓷制造的雾化芯技术领域，特别涉及一种湿敏多孔陶瓷、雾化芯及其制备方法。
背景技术
电子雾化器包括储液装置和雾化芯，储液装置中灌装有待雾化液，待雾化液即待雾化的液体可以是烟液或含有药物的溶液，雾化芯一般包括导液体和发热元件，导液体接收、渗透、传导储液装置中的待雾化液，发热元件通电后发热，雾化芯用于将待雾化液进行加热、蒸发、雾化成气溶胶或蒸汽、汽雾，以便用户吸食，用于健康医疗之用途。雾化芯是电子雾化器的关键部件，其性能优劣直接决定了电子雾化器的雾化效果，加热效率及使用体验。
目前市场上的雾化芯通常由导液棉加发热电阻丝、或陶瓷导液体和加热电阻丝组成，电阻丝与陶瓷导液体的结合方式有植入式、印刷式、贴片式等，不同的结合方式在传热效率上带来了一定程度的提升。现有的雾化芯，在待雾化液即将用完或传导不顺畅时，雾化芯的温度就会急剧升高，导致雾化芯发生干烧，雾化芯容易被烧损和产生烧焦的味道，以及高温下容易导致药液失效的问题，以及给用户造成不良的使用体验。现有雾化芯的防止干烧的方法一般是检测温度，在温度升高到设定的阈值时，则关断供电电源停止使用。此种检测温度的方法由于是在待雾化液缺乏发生之后温度上升到一定程度才被检测到，具有一定的滞后性，不免还是有一定程度的干烧发生。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是克服现有雾化芯防干烧不及时导致的干烧问题，提供一种湿敏多孔陶瓷、雾化芯及其制备方法。
本发明的技术解决方案是，一种湿敏多孔陶瓷，由湿敏材料和基体材料混合制成，其中，所述湿敏材料按重量份包括如下组分：1-30份MgO，1-60份Cr2O3，1-30份TiO2，1-15份NH4VO3；所述基体材料按重量份包括如下组分：1-50份陶瓷粉体材料，1-50份造孔剂，1-10份烧结助剂。
优选地，所述湿敏材料按重量份包括如下组分：5-10份MgO，10-50份Cr2O3，1-20份TiO2，1-10份NH4VO3；所述基体材料按重量份包括如下组分：10-50份陶瓷粉体材料，5-40份造孔剂，1-5份烧结助剂。
优选地，所述陶瓷粉体材料包括SiO2、Fe2O3、Al2O3中的至少一种。
优选地，所述造孔剂为石墨、淀粉、面粉、豆粉、聚苯乙烯微球、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微球、碳酸盐、铵盐、蔗糖、纤维中的至少一种，所述造孔剂粒径为1～200微米。
优选地，所述烧结助剂为氧化硼、硼酸、油酸、硬脂酸、硅酸钠、氧化钙中的至少一种。
优选地，所述基体材料按重量份还包括如下组分：纳米氧化硅1～40份。
优选地，所述纳米氧化硅为纳米二氧化硅，所述纳米二氧化硅为胶体状的纳米二氧化硅或粉体状的纳米二氧化硅。
优选地，所述湿敏多孔陶瓷的孔隙率是30～70％。
本发明的另一技术解决方案是，一种雾化芯，包括用于传导待雾化液的导液体和设于导液体上的发热元件，所述导液体由所述的湿敏多孔陶瓷制成。
本发明的又一技术解决方案是，一种湿敏多孔陶瓷的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
⑴按照配方称取MgO、Cr2O3、TiO2、NH4VO3、陶瓷粉体材料、造孔剂、烧结助剂，置于球磨装置中混合球磨；
⑵将球磨后的混合料烘烤干燥，得到混合粉料；
⑶将石蜡加热至融化状态，边搅拌边加入所述混合粉料，加入完毕后继续搅拌1～8h，得到石蜡浆料；
⑷将所述石蜡浆料注入预先准备的模具中，冷却成型，脱模后得到蜡模；
⑸将所述蜡模放入炉中进行预加热进行除蜡，得到除蜡样；
⑹将所述除蜡样放入炉中并在保护气氛中进行烧结，烧结过程包括升温、保温、降温，冷却后得到湿敏多孔陶瓷。
优选地，所述步骤⑴中的陶瓷粉体材料包括SiO2、Fe2O3、Al2O3中的至少一种。
优选地，所述步骤⑴中，球磨装置的转速设为150～350rpm，球磨时间为1～12h，磨料直径为1～20mm。
优选地，所述步骤⑵中，烘烤干燥的温度为60～120℃，烘烤干燥的时间为2～12h。
优选地，所述步骤⑶中，所述石蜡的熔点为50～110℃，所述石蜡的重量为所述混合粉料重量的10～60％。
优选地，所述步骤⑸中，除蜡的温度为400～800℃，除蜡的时间为2～12h。
优选地，所述步骤⑹中，烧结的温度为700～1500℃，升温速度1～5℃/min，烧结的保温时间为2～12h；烧结保护气氛为还原性气氛，还原性气氛包括氢气与氩气、氮气、氦气等气体的混合，其中氢气在混合气体中占比1-20％。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果:
本发明利用湿敏材料在待雾化液的干湿度不同时具有不同电阻阻值的特性，将湿敏材料加入陶瓷基体材料中和多孔陶瓷做成一体式的湿敏多孔陶瓷，作为雾化芯的导液体，该湿敏多孔陶瓷可传导待雾化液并具有对湿度敏感的电阻，该电阻某一阻值可对应某一湿度值，通过检测其电阻阻值可测定其湿度，这样在导液体内缺乏待雾化液时，因其湿度减小即可被迅速检测到，从而及时减小功率或关停电源，可迅速、无延时地防止雾化芯发生干烧。
附图说明
图1是本发明的雾化芯的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明中的湿敏材料是指材料的电阻值随所处环境的湿度变化而变化的功能材料，它是在电绝缘物质中渗入容易吸潮的物质，如氧化镁、氧化铬等加工而成。它能将湿度的变化通过电阻值转换成电的信号。湿敏材料可以实现湿度的自动指示、自动记录、自动控制与调节。
本发明的一种湿敏多孔陶瓷，由湿敏材料和基体材料混合制成，其中，湿敏材料按重量份包括如下组分：1-30份MgO，1-60份Cr2O3，1-30份TiO2，1-15份NH4VO3；基体材料按重量份包括如下组分：1-50份陶瓷粉体材料，1-50份造孔剂，1-10份烧结助剂。优选的是，湿敏材料按重量份包括如下组分：5-10份MgO，10-50份Cr2O3，1-20份TiO2，1-10份NH4VO3；基体材料按重量份包括如下组分：10-50份陶瓷粉体材料，5-40份造孔剂，1-5份烧结助剂。其中，陶瓷粉体材料包括SiO2、Fe2O3、Al2O3中的至少一种。造孔剂为石墨、淀粉、面粉、豆粉、聚苯乙烯微球、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微球、碳酸盐、铵盐、蔗糖、纤维中的至少一种，造孔剂粒径为1～200微米。烧结助剂为氧化硼、硼酸、油酸、硬脂酸、硅酸钠、氧化钙中的至少一种。本发明湿敏多孔陶瓷制成后，其孔隙率可达到30～70％，具有优良的液体传导性能和湿敏性。
另外，上述基体材料按重量份还可以包括如下原料组分：纳米氧化硅1～40份，纳米氧化硅为纳米二氧化硅，纳米二氧化硅为胶体状的纳米二氧化硅或粉体状的纳米二氧化硅。加入纳米氧化硅的组分后，在煅烧过程中通过固化反应形成微纳米复合结构，纳米氧化硅由于其超高比表面积，且表面含有大量的羟基，在与陶瓷粉体固相反应时能有效降低烧结温度，纳米氧化硅可以使产品同时保持高孔隙率和实现高强度。在高强度、内部结构稳定的条件下，此湿敏多孔陶瓷更不易碎裂，且在使用过程中不易分离出杂质和析出重金属，可有效地避免湿敏多孔陶瓷在使用中重金属超标的问题。
本发明的湿敏多孔陶瓷可制成一种雾化芯，雾化芯用于电子雾化设备(图中未示)，电子雾化设备包括雾化组件和电池组件，电池组件用于控制雾化组件及提供电源给雾化组件。雾化组件包括储液装置和雾化芯，储液装置中灌装有待雾化液，待雾化液即待雾化的液体可以是烟液或含有药物的溶液。本发明的雾化芯，包括用于传导待雾化液的导液体和设于导液体上的发热元件，其中的导液体由湿敏多孔陶瓷制成。
本发明湿敏多孔陶瓷的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
⑴按照配方称取MgO、Cr2O3、TiO2、NH4VO3、陶瓷粉体材料、造孔剂、烧结助剂，其中包括1-30份MgO，1-60份Cr2O3，1-30份TiO2，1-15份NH4VO3，1-50份陶瓷粉体材料，1-50份造孔剂，1-10份烧结助剂，置于球磨装置中混合球磨；
⑵将球磨后的混合料烘烤干燥，得到混合粉料；
⑶将石蜡加热至融化状态，边搅拌边加入混合粉料，加入完毕后继续搅拌1～8h，得到石蜡浆料；
⑷将石蜡浆料注入预先准备的模具中，冷却成型，脱模后得到蜡模；
⑸将蜡模放入炉中进行预加热进行除蜡，得到除蜡样；
⑹将除蜡样放入炉中并在保护气氛中进行烧结，烧结过程包括升温、保温、降温，得到湿敏多孔陶瓷。
其中，步骤⑴中的陶瓷粉体材料包括SiO2、Fe2O3、Al2O3中的至少一种，造孔剂为石墨、淀粉、面粉、豆粉、聚苯乙烯微球、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微球、碳酸盐、铵盐、蔗糖、纤维中的至少一种，造孔剂粒径为1～200微米。烧结助剂为氧化硼、硼酸、油酸、硬脂酸、硅酸钠、氧化钙中的至少一种。步骤⑴中，球磨装置的转速设为150～350rpm，球磨时间为1～12h，磨料直径为1～20mm。步骤⑵中，烘烤干燥的温度为60～120℃，烘烤干燥的时间为2～12h。步骤⑶中，石蜡的熔点为50～110℃，石蜡的重量为混合粉料重量的10～60％。步骤⑸中，除蜡的温度为400～800℃，除蜡的时间为2～12h。步骤⑹中，烧结的温度为700～1500℃，升温速度1～5℃/min，烧结的保温时间为2～12h；烧结保护气氛为还原性气氛，还原性气氛包括氢气与氩气、氮气、氦气等气体的混合，其中氢气在混合气体中占比1-20％。
本发明下面将结合实施例作进一步详述：
实施例一
本发明实施例的湿敏多孔陶瓷，由湿敏材料和基体材料烧结制成，湿敏材料和基体材料按重量配比包括如下原料组分：40g的MgO、150g的Cr2O3、20g的TiO2、4g的NH4VO3，100g的Al2O3，20g粒径为150微米的石墨，4g的油酸。
实施例二
本发明实施例的湿敏多孔陶瓷，由湿敏材料和基体材料制成，湿敏材料和基体材料按重量配比包括如下原料组分：40g的MgO、150g的Cr2O3、20g的TiO2、4g的NH4VO3，60g的Al2O3，40g的纳米二氧化硅，20g粒径为150微米的石墨，4g的油酸。纳米二氧化硅为粒径150nm的硅溶胶，硅溶胶的纳米二氧化硅的量以其中固体份二氧化硅计。
实施例三
本发明实施例的雾化芯，如图1所示，该雾化芯包括导液体1、发热元件(图中未示)、设于发热元件两端的正负电极2、与湿敏材料连接的湿度检测电极3，发热元件设于导液体1的内部，导液体1用于传导待雾化液，导液体1由前面实施例所述的湿敏多孔陶瓷制成，待雾化液自上而下流动到导液体1，导液液体1可传导、渗透待雾化液。导液体1内包括湿敏材料，湿敏材料具有一定的导电性和电阻，其电阻随湿度不同而变化，与湿敏材料连接设有湿度检测电极3，通过湿度检测电极3可检测导液体1内的湿度。
导液体1的湿度是指相对湿度，当导液体1完全吸收、渗透、及最大量地贮存待雾化液时，其湿度为100％，导液体1没有吸收待雾化液即完全干燥时，其湿度为0％。湿敏元件13可通过阻值变化感应导液体1的湿度。
实施例四
本发明实施例的湿敏多孔陶瓷的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
⑴按照配方称取40g的MgO、150g的Cr2O3、20g的TiO2、4g的NH4VO3，100g的Al2O3，20g粒径为150微米的石墨，4g的油酸，置于球磨装置中混合球磨，球磨装置的转速设为300rpm，球磨时间为8h，磨料直径为20mm；
⑵将球磨后的混合料烘烤干燥，得到混合粉料，烘烤干燥的温度为90℃，烘烤干燥的时间为10h。
⑶将石蜡加热至65℃至融化状态，边搅拌边加入混合粉料，加入完毕后继续搅拌8h，得到石蜡浆料；石蜡的熔点为60℃，石蜡的重量为混合粉料重量的50％；
⑷将石蜡浆料注入预先准备的模具中，冷却成型，脱模后得到蜡模；
⑸将蜡模放入炉中进行预加热进行除蜡，除蜡的温度为800℃，除蜡的时间为12h，得到除蜡样；
⑹将除蜡样放入炉中并在保护气氛中进行烧结，烧结过程包括升温、保温、降温，烧结的温度为1200℃，升温速度5℃/min，烧结的保温时间为10h，烧结保护气氛为还原性气氛，还原性气氛包括氢气与氩气、氮气、氦气等气体的混合，其中氢气在混合气体中占比15％，最后得到湿敏多孔陶瓷。
实施例五
本发明实施例的湿敏多孔陶瓷的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
⑴按照配方称取40g的MgO、150g的Cr2O3、20g的TiO2、4g的NH4VO3，60g的Al2O3，40g的纳米二氧化硅，20g粒径为150微米的石墨，4g的油酸，置于球磨装置中混合球磨，球磨装置的转速设为300rpm，球磨时间为10h，磨料直径为20mm；
⑵将球磨后的混合料烘烤干燥，得到混合粉料，烘烤干燥的温度为90℃，烘烤干燥的时间为10h。
⑶将石蜡加热至65℃至融化状态，边搅拌边加入混合粉料，加入完毕后继续搅拌8h，得到石蜡浆料；石蜡的熔点为60℃，石蜡的重量为混合粉料重量的50％；
⑷将石蜡浆料注入预先准备的模具中，冷却成型，脱模后得到蜡模；
⑸将蜡模放入炉中进行预加热进行除蜡，除蜡的温度为800℃，除蜡的时间为12h，得到除蜡样；
⑹将除蜡样放入炉中并在保护气氛中进行烧结，烧结过程包括升温、保温、降温，烧结的温度为1200℃，升温速度5℃/min，烧结的保温时间为10h，烧结保护气氛为还原性气氛，还原性气氛包括氢气与氩气、氮气、氦气等气体的混合，其中氢气在混合气体中占比15％，最后得到湿敏多孔陶瓷。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，凡依本发明权利要求范围所做的均等变化与修饰，皆应属本发明权利要求的涵盖范围。
Claims (16)
1.一种湿敏多孔陶瓷，其特征在于，由湿敏材料和基体材料混合制成，其中，所述湿敏材料按重量份包括如下组分：1-30份MgO，1-60份Cr2O3，1-30份TiO2，1-15份NH4VO3；所述基体材料按重量份包括如下组分：1-50份陶瓷粉体材料，1-50份造孔剂，1-10份烧结助剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的湿敏多孔陶瓷，其特征在于，所述湿敏材料按重量份包括如下组分：5-10份MgO，10-50份Cr2O3，1-20份TiO2，1-10份NH4VO3；所述基体材料按重量份包括如下组分：10-50份陶瓷粉体材料，5-40份造孔剂，1-5份烧结助剂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的湿敏多孔陶瓷，其特征在于，所述陶瓷粉体材料包括SiO2、Fe2O3、Al2O3中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的湿敏多孔陶瓷，其特征在于，所述造孔剂为石墨、淀粉、面粉、豆粉、聚苯乙烯微球、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微球、碳酸盐、铵盐、蔗糖、纤维中的至少一种，所述造孔剂粒径为1～200微米。
5.根据权利要求1所述的湿敏多孔陶瓷，其特征在于，所述烧结助剂为氧化硼、硼酸、油酸、硬脂酸、硅酸钠、氧化钙中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的湿敏多孔陶瓷，其特征在于，所述基体材料按重量份还包括如下组分：纳米氧化硅1～40份。
7.根据权利要求6所述的湿敏多孔陶瓷，其特征在于，所述纳米氧化硅为纳米二氧化硅，所述纳米二氧化硅为胶体状的纳米二氧化硅或粉体状的纳米二氧化硅。
8.根据权利要求1所述的湿敏多孔陶瓷，其特征在于，所述湿敏多孔陶瓷的孔隙率是30～70％。
9.一种雾化芯，其特征在于，包括用于传导待雾化液的导液体和设于导液体上的发热元件，所述导液体由权利要求1～8任一项所述的湿敏多孔陶瓷制成。
10.一种湿敏多孔陶瓷的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
⑴按照配方称取MgO、Cr2O3、TiO2、NH4VO3、陶瓷粉体材料、造孔剂、烧结助剂，置于球磨装置中混合球磨；
⑵将球磨后的混合料烘烤干燥，得到混合粉料；
⑶将石蜡加热至融化状态，边搅拌边加入所述混合粉料，加入完毕后继续搅拌1～8h，得到石蜡浆料；
⑷将所述石蜡浆料注入预先准备的模具中，冷却成型，脱模后得到蜡模；
⑸将所述蜡模放入炉中进行预加热进行除蜡，得到除蜡样；
⑹将所述除蜡样放入炉中并在保护气氛中进行烧结，烧结过程包括升温、保温、降温，冷却后得到湿敏多孔陶瓷。
11.根据权利要求10所述的湿敏多孔陶瓷的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤⑴中的陶瓷粉体材料包括SiO2、Fe2O3、Al2O3中的至少一种。
12.根据权利要求10所述的湿敏多孔陶瓷的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤⑴中，球磨装置的转速设为150～350rpm，球磨时间为1～12h，磨料直径为1～20mm。
13.根据权利要求10所述的湿敏多孔陶瓷的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤⑵中，烘烤干燥的温度为60～120℃，烘烤干燥的时间为2～12h。
14.根据权利要求10所述的湿敏多孔陶瓷的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤⑶中，所述石蜡的熔点为50～110℃，所述石蜡的重量为所述混合粉料重量的10～60％。
15.根据权利要求10所述的湿敏多孔陶瓷的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤⑸中，除蜡的温度为400～800℃，除蜡的时间为2～12h。
16.根据权利要求10所述的湿敏多孔陶瓷的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤⑹中，烧结的温度为700～1500℃，升温速度1～5℃/min，烧结的保温时间为2～12h；烧结保护气氛为还原性气氛，还原性气氛包括氢气与氩气、氮气、氦气等气体的混合，其中氢气在混合气体中占比1-20％。
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| WO2022148139A1 (zh) * | 2021-01-08 | 2022-07-14 | 惠州市新泓威科技有限公司 | 具有湿敏元件的电子雾化设备及其防干烧控制方法 |
| WO2022148145A1 (zh) * | 2021-01-08 | 2022-07-14 | 惠州市新泓威科技有限公司 | 湿敏多孔陶瓷、雾化芯及其制备方法 |
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