CN112825717A - Method for preventing and treating yellow spot disease of young garlic shoots - Google Patents
Method for preventing and treating yellow spot disease of young garlic shoots Download PDFInfo
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- CN112825717A CN112825717A CN201911165179.5A CN201911165179A CN112825717A CN 112825717 A CN112825717 A CN 112825717A CN 201911165179 A CN201911165179 A CN 201911165179A CN 112825717 A CN112825717 A CN 112825717A
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- garlic
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- maculopathy
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- 235000004611 garlic Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 244000245420 ail Species 0.000 title 1
- 240000002234 Allium sativum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 208000035719 Maculopathy Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 208000002780 macular degeneration Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxidochlorine(.) Chemical compound O=Cl=O OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- PUKLDDOGISCFCP-JSQCKWNTSA-N 21-Deoxycortisone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@@](C(=O)C)(O)[C@@]1(C)CC2=O PUKLDDOGISCFCP-JSQCKWNTSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fulvic acid Natural products O1C2=CC(O)=C(O)C(C(O)=O)=C2C(=O)C2=C1CC(C)(O)OC2 FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- KFSLWBXXFJQRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Peracetic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)OO KFSLWBXXFJQRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002509 fulvic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229940095100 fulvic acid Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorite Chemical compound Cl[O-] WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004155 Chlorine dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000019398 chlorine dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
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- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 10
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- 239000005648 plant growth regulator Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- JLIDBLDQVAYHNE-YKALOCIXSA-N (+)-Abscisic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)/C=C(/C)\C=C\[C@@]1(O)C(C)=CC(=O)CC1(C)C JLIDBLDQVAYHNE-YKALOCIXSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OORIKNJWZHTXDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCC(CC)C(CC)(C(=O)OCC)N Chemical compound CCCC(CC)C(CC)(C(=O)OCC)N OORIKNJWZHTXDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- ONUFESLQCSAYKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N iprodione Chemical compound O=C1N(C(=O)NC(C)C)CC(=O)N1C1=CC(Cl)=CC(Cl)=C1 ONUFESLQCSAYKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- TVLSRXXIMLFWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N prochloraz Chemical compound C1=CN=CN1C(=O)N(CCC)CCOC1=C(Cl)C=C(Cl)C=C1Cl TVLSRXXIMLFWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HZRSNVGNWUDEFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyraclostrobin Chemical compound COC(=O)N(OC)C1=CC=CC=C1COC1=NN(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)C=C1 HZRSNVGNWUDEFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- GEWDNTWNSAZUDX-WQMVXFAESA-N (-)-methyl jasmonate Chemical compound CC\C=C/C[C@@H]1[C@@H](CC(=O)OC)CCC1=O GEWDNTWNSAZUDX-WQMVXFAESA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PXMNMQRDXWABCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)pentan-3-ol Chemical compound C1=NC=NN1CC(O)(C(C)(C)C)CCC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 PXMNMQRDXWABCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005740 Boscalid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000005760 Difenoconazole Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000005839 Tebuconazole Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005842 Thiophanate-methyl Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- WYEMLYFITZORAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N boscalid Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1NC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1Cl WYEMLYFITZORAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940118790 boscalid Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FCRACOPGPMPSHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N desoxyabscisic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C(C)C=CC1C(C)=CC(=O)CC1(C)C FCRACOPGPMPSHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BQYJATMQXGBDHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N difenoconazole Chemical compound O1C(C)COC1(C=1C(=CC(OC=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)=CC=1)Cl)CN1N=CN=C1 BQYJATMQXGBDHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IXORZMNAPKEEDV-OBDJNFEBSA-N gibberellin A3 Chemical compound C([C@@]1(O)C(=C)C[C@@]2(C1)[C@H]1C(O)=O)C[C@H]2[C@]2(C=C[C@@H]3O)[C@H]1[C@]3(C)C(=O)O2 IXORZMNAPKEEDV-OBDJNFEBSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- JTEDVYBZBROSJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole-3-butyric acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CCCC(=O)O)=CNC2=C1 JTEDVYBZBROSJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GEWDNTWNSAZUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 7-epi-jasmonate Natural products CCC=CCC1C(CC(=O)OC)CCC1=O GEWDNTWNSAZUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZQEIXNIJLIKNTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl)alaninate Chemical compound COCC(=O)N(C(C)C(=O)OC)C1=C(C)C=CC=C1C ZQEIXNIJLIKNTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000257 metiram Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004308 thiabendazole Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010296 thiabendazole Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- WJCNZQLZVWNLKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiabendazole Chemical compound S1C=NC(C=2NC3=CC=CC=C3N=2)=C1 WJCNZQLZVWNLKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960004546 thiabendazole Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- QGHREAKMXXNCOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophanate-methyl Chemical compound COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC QGHREAKMXXNCOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims 2
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 claims 2
- DARPYRSDRJYGIF-PTNGSMBKSA-N (Z)-3-ethoxy-2-naphthalen-2-ylsulfonylprop-2-enenitrile Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(S(=O)(=O)C(\C#N)=C/OCC)=CC=C21 DARPYRSDRJYGIF-PTNGSMBKSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001732 Lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- NWBJYWHLCVSVIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-benzyladenine Chemical compound N=1C=NC=2NC=NC=2C=1NCC1=CC=CC=C1 NWBJYWHLCVSVIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000005986 Prohexadione Substances 0.000 claims 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
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- 150000008051 alkyl sulfates Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
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- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229940051841 polyoxyethylene ether Drugs 0.000 claims 1
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims 1
- BUCOQPHDYUOJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N prohexadione Chemical compound CCC(=O)C1C(=O)CC(C(O)=O)CC1=O BUCOQPHDYUOJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001397 quillaja saponaria molina bark Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229930182490 saponin Natural products 0.000 claims 1
- 150000007949 saponins Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I triphosphate(5-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 claims 1
- 229950000339 xinafoate Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
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- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 3
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- 244000016633 Nothoscordum inodorum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000001314 Nothoscordum inodorum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000000231 Sesamum indicum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003434 Sesamum indicum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 206010048245 Yellow skin Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NLKUPINTOLSSLD-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;4-(1-oxidopropylidene)-3,5-dioxocyclohexane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCC([O-])=C1C(=O)CC(C([O-])=O)CC1=O NLKUPINTOLSSLD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preventing and treating yellow spot disease of young garlic shoots, which belongs to the field of crop cultivation and mainly comprises the following steps: A. selecting healthy garlic seeds; B. sterilizing garlic seeds for 4-6 hours by using 50-200 ppm chlorine dioxide solution, hypochlorite solution, ozone solution, peroxyacetic acid solution, hydrogen peroxide solution and the like; C. according to each 667M2Applying 10 kg-30 kg of humic acid, fulvic acid or potassium fulvate to improve soil; D. the pesticide is sprayed and treated before the garlic is turned green, bolting and bolting to improve the granular structure of soil, improve the stress resistance of plants and prevent the occurrence of maculopathy of garlic bolts.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for preventing and treating maculopathy of young garlic shoots, and belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation.
Background
The young garlic shoots are special vegetable varieties in China, the yield and the storage amount are at the first position in the world, and the storage amount of the young garlic shoots in China is nearly 100 ten thousand tons in 2015; 2150 ten thousand jin of garlic shoots are stored in Changqing district, Jiyang county, Shanghe county and periphery of Jinan city in 2015, and the planting area of garlic is 16 ten thousand mu. The young garlic shoots are fresh, crisp and delicious, are rich in protein, saccharide, Ca, P, Fe and other nutrients required by human bodies, contain rich garlicin and have strong bactericidal effect. The producing areas of the garlic shoots are mainly concentrated in Shandong, Hebei, Liaoning, Anhui, Jiangsu, Henan and the like, wherein the storage amount of the Garlic shoots in Shandong accounts for about 80 percent of the whole country. At present, the tonnage of the garlic bolt cold storage is about 120 ten thousand tons in China, and more than 3000 families of storage enterprises exist. The young garlic shoots become one of the vegetable varieties with the largest storage amount and the longest storage period in the vegetable refrigeration industry in China.
The young garlic shoot maculopathy refers to yellow spots appearing on stems and buds of young garlic shoots, the yellow spots are sesame in size at the initial stage and are scattered in spots, the yellow spots can be connected into a sheet when the young garlic shoots are serious, and the yellow spots are sunken downwards after the young garlic shoots with the maculopathy are stored in a refrigerator for 3-4 months, so that the young garlic shoots are easily infected by microorganisms and gradually rot, and serious loss is caused. In recent years, in the harvesting period of young garlic shoots, a plurality of young garlic shoot producing areas, such as Changqing, Jiyang and Shanghe garlic planting areas in Shandong, generally find that young garlic shoots have obvious yellow spots, and the yellow spots are connected and become yellow stripes, which seriously affect the quality of young garlic shoots. In 2016, the garlic shoots with the maculopathy during the harvest period are still rarely purchased by purchasers despite low price, which seriously affects the planting enthusiasm of farmers.
The following 2 points are considered for the cause of maculopathy:
from one viewpoint, the yellow spot of the young garlic shoot is a microbial disease, is caused by bacteria in the field, and can be prevented and controlled by a bactericide; however, in the actual production, due to the lack of professional technical guidance, a grower easily abuses the bactericide, so that the purpose of preventing and treating the maculopathy cannot be achieved, and the pesticide residue of the young garlic shoots exceeds the standard;
the second idea is that the yellow spot of the young garlic shoot belongs to physiological diseases and is easy to occur under adverse conditions, the disease has obvious relation with the climate of planting technology, field fertilizer and water management, the growing period of the garlic and the harvesting period of the young garlic shoot, and the ideal effect can be achieved only by accurately guiding planters in the links.
At present, basic research aiming at the yellow spot disease of the young garlic shoot is less, and sufficient theoretical support is lacked, so that in order to achieve the purpose of preventing and treating the yellow spot disease of the young garlic shoot, the prevention and treatment of diseases during the planting of the garlic must be paid attention to under the condition of double management, the technical optimization of the whole planting process is paid attention to so as to reduce the occurrence of yellow spots of the young garlic shoot, and the economic losses of young garlic shoot planters and storage operators are reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for preventing and treating the maculopathy of the young garlic shoots according to the biological characteristics of the young garlic shoots, which can effectively inhibit the maculopathy of the young garlic shoots during the growth period of the garlic.
A method for preventing and treating maculopathy of young garlic shoots comprises the following steps:
(a) garlic seed treatment: selecting garlic seeds, treating with a medicament, removing surface water, and sowing;
(b) and (3) treating the soil: applying a suitable amount of a treatment agent to the soil;
(c) and (3) management after planting: the garlic needs to be treated by the medicament for three times in the growth process. For the first time: when the garlic is turned green; and (3) for the second time: before bolting garlic; and thirdly: before the garlic is pulled out of the bolt.
The garlic seeds in the method (a) are selected according to the standard that the garlic bulbs are full, no diseases, no insect pests and no mechanical injury exist, and meanwhile, dry stem discs at the bases of garlic cloves are removed;
the medicament in the method (a) comprises one or more of chlorine dioxide solution, hypochlorite solution, ozone solution, peroxyacetic acid solution and hydrogen peroxide solution, and the concentration of the medicament is 50-200 mg/L;
the processing method in the method (a) comprises the steps of putting selected garlic seeds into a container with holes, immersing all the garlic seeds into the medicament in the method (a), taking out the garlic seeds after immersion processing for 4-6 hours, and draining;
in the method (b), the treating agent is a microbial agent, humic acid, fulvic acid or potassium fulvate;
the appropriate amount in the above method (b) is per 667M2Applying 10 kg-30 kg;
the treatment agent in the method (c) comprises one or more of bactericides, such as prochloraz, iprodione, pyraclostrobin, difenoconazole, boscalid, tebuconazole, metalaxyl, mancozeb, metiram, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl and thiabendazole; plant growth regulator, such as gibberellic acid, triacontanol, brassinolide, propionyl brassinolide, abscisic acid and its analogues, indolebutyric acid, humic acid, fulvic acid, potassium fulvate, prohexadione calcium, chamomile essence, methyl jasmonate, propyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, etc.;
all the agents described in the above method (c) need to be processed into dosage forms convenient to use according to the processing method of pesticide preparations;
the treatment method in the method (c) is to use spraying equipment to carry out whole-plant spraying on the garlic plants;
the green turning time of the garlic in the method (c) is 1 to 10 days per 4 months per year; before bolting, garlic is 15-4-20 days every 4 months; before the garlic is pulled out of the shoots, the garlic is pulled out of the shoots within 4 months and 29 to 5 months and 15 days every year;
the water used in the method (a) is required to meet the sanitary standard of drinking water, and is clean and pollution-free.
The method of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the bactericide and the plant growth regulator are combined, and the garlic seeds are soaked, so that the breeding and spread of various pathogenic bacteria inside and outside the epidermis of the female valve can be effectively inhibited, and the rotten valve is reduced; meanwhile, the application of the plant growth regulator can promote the development of root systems, is beneficial to the absorption of nutrient components and improves the resistance of plants to adverse climate and environment;
2. humic acid, fulvic acid or potassium fulvate is applied in a base fertilizer mode before garlic is planted, so that the granular structure of soil can be effectively improved, the soil is loosened, soil hardening is reduced, and normal growth of plants is facilitated;
3. according to the growth characteristics of the garlic, the bactericide and the plant growth regulator are applied for three times, so that not only can the yellow spot of the garlic be prevented in a targeted manner, but also dry tip, yellow leaf, leaf blight, soft rot and gray mold can be prevented and controlled, the transfer of garlic nutrient substances can be promoted, and the effect of increasing the yield is achieved.
Detailed Description
A method for preventing and treating the maculopathy of young garlic shoots comprises the treatment of garlic seeds, the treatment of soil and the management after planting.
(1) Garlic seed treatment: selecting garlic seeds without plant diseases and insect pests and mechanical injury, breaking off the garlic cloves and removing heels, not peeling, not damaging the garlic cloves, selecting white garlic bulbs as far as possible, removing the garlic bulbs with brown-yellow skin, after selecting the garlic seeds, well containing the garlic seeds by using a container with holes, then putting the garlic seeds into 50ppm chlorine dioxide solution for soaking for 6 hours, then fishing out, draining water, and being used for sowing, and spreading and airing if the garlic seeds cannot be immediately sowed.
(2) And (3) treating the soil: selecting soil with loose land and flat terrain, deeply ploughing the soil by 20cm, applying base fertilizer to the leveled soil according to the normal dosage, simultaneously applying potassium fulvate according to the dosage of 15 kg/mu and applying microbial inoculum according to the dosage of 40 kg/mu.
(3) And (3) management after planting: after the garlic is planted, various pests and fungal diseases are prevented and controlled according to a normal management method, after the garlic is clarified and the temperature is stabilized, the garlic is uniformly sprayed on garlic plants by using a bactericide prochloraz and a plant regulator gibberellin within 4 months and 5 days when the garlic turns green; after ten days, namely 4 months and 15 days, uniformly spraying the bactericide pyraclostrobin, the plant regulator gibberellin and diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate on garlic plants before bolting the garlic; fifteen days later, namely 5 months and 1 day, before the garlic is pulled out of the bolt, the garlic plants are uniformly sprayed with bactericide iprodione, plant regulator diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate and brassinolide.
The garlic plants treated by the method grow vigorously, the incidence rate of the yellow spot of the harvested garlic shoots is obviously reduced, and meanwhile, as the microbial diseases are reduced, the plants grow vigorously, and the damage to the plants caused by the shoot pulling is reduced, the yield of the harvested garlic is correspondingly increased.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the content of the embodiment. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made within the spirit of the invention, and any changes and modifications made are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for preventing and treating maculopathy of young garlic shoots is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(a) garlic seed treatment: selecting garlic seeds, treating with a medicament, removing surface water, and sowing;
(b) and (3) treating the soil: applying a suitable amount of a treatment agent to the soil;
(c) and (3) management after planting: in the growth process of garlic, three times of medicament treatment are needed, wherein the first time is as follows: when the garlic is turned green; and (3) for the second time: before bolting garlic; and thirdly: before the garlic is pulled out of the bolt.
2. The method for preventing and treating maculopathy in young garlic shoots according to claim 1, wherein the garlic seeds in the step (a) are selected according to the selection standard that the garlic heads are full, no diseases, no insect pests and no mechanical injury exist, and dry stem discs at the bases of garlic cloves are removed.
3. The method for preventing and treating maculopathy of young garlic shoots according to claim 1, wherein the medicament in step (a) is one or more of a chlorine dioxide solution, a hypochlorite solution, an ozone solution, a peracetic acid solution and a hydrogen peroxide solution, and the use concentration is 50-200 mg/L.
4. The method for preventing and treating the maculopathy in the young garlic shoots as claimed in claim 1, wherein the treatment method in step (a) is to place the selected garlic seeds in a container with holes, immerse all the garlic seeds in the medicament in step (a), take out the garlic seeds after immersion treatment for 4-6 hours, and drain the garlic seeds.
5. The method for preventing and treating maculopathy in garlic shoots according to claim 1, wherein the treating agent used in step (b) is one or more of humic acid, fulvic acid or potassium fulvate.
6. The method for preventing and treating maculopathy in garlic bolt according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the amount of the treating agent used in step (b) is per 667M210kg to 30kg of the fertilizer is applied.
7. The method for preventing and treating the maculopathy of young garlic shoots according to claim 1, wherein the medicament used in the step (c) comprises an active ingredient, a wetting agent, a dispersing agent, a carrier and the like, wherein the active ingredient is a bactericide, such as one or more of prochloraz, iprodione, pyraclostrobin, xinafoate acetate, difenoconazole, boscalid, tebuconazole, metalaxyl, mancozeb, metiram, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl and thiabendazole; plant growth regulator, such as gibberellic acid, triacontanol, mepiquat chloride, benzylaminopurine, brassinolide, propionyl brassinolide, abscisic acid and its analogues, indolebutyric acid, humic acid, fulvic acid, potassium fulvate, prohexadione, methyl jasmonate, propyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, etc.; the wetting agent is one or more of alkyl sulfate, alkyl sulfonate, dodecyl benzene sulfonate, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, alkyl succinic acid sulfonate and saponin powder; the dispersant is one or more of lignosulfonate, alkyl naphthalene formaldehyde condensate sulfonate, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether formaldehyde condensate sulfate, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether block copolymer, hexametaphosphate and tripolyphosphate; the carrier is one or more of water, pottery clay, diatomite, white carbon black, kaolin, talcum powder, light calcium carbonate, calcium silicate and the like.
8. The method for preventing and treating maculopathy in garlic shoots according to claim 1, wherein the green turning of garlic in the step (c) is 4 months 1 to 4 months 10 days per year; before bolting, garlic is 15-4-20 days every 4 months; before the garlic is pulled out of the bolt, the garlic is pulled out of the bolt from 4 months 29 to 5 months 15 days per year.
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