CN112806480A - Biological feed taking crab-flavored mushroom residues as raw materials and preparation method of biological feed - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a biological feed taking crab-flavored mushroom residues as raw materials and a preparation method thereof, wherein the biological feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45 parts of crab-flavor mushroom residues, 11 parts of corns, 10 parts of wheat bran, 10 parts of rice bran, 8 parts of soybean meal, 4 parts of rapeseed shells, 5 parts of corn germs, 0.6 part of table salt and 5 parts of water. The biological feed produced by the method for preparing the biological feed by using the edible fungus residues as the raw materials can be suitable for the growth of livestock and poultry and has the characteristic of comprehensive and balanced nutrition.

Description

Biological feed taking crab-flavored mushroom residues as raw materials and preparation method of biological feed

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of feeds, in particular to a biological feed taking edible fungus residues as raw materials and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The biological feed is a novel feed, is an animal feed produced by utilizing agricultural wastes (such as hypsizygus marmoreus mushroom dregs) by using a biological fermentation technology, and belongs to the field of biotechnology (or feed).

Animal biotechnology refers to all methods for improving animal health and improving animal productivity by changing physiological and biochemical reactions and metabolism processes of substances in animal bodies, such as fermentation engineering technology, enzyme engineering technology, new technology of feed processing and treatment, and new technology of research and application of feed additive products. As a new technology for further improving animal productivity and feed conversion rate, biotechnology is increasingly gaining attention, and it opens up a new broad prospect for saving feed, reducing environmental pollution, developing high-yield, high-quality and high-benefit animal husbandry. The feed is a material base which depends on the development of animal husbandry, and the feed cost accounts for 70% of the whole animal husbandry production cost, so that the research and application of biotechnology in animal feed are very important.

At present, the yield of domestic edible fungi in China is about 4500 ten thousand tons, the produced mushroom dregs are about 7400 ten thousand tons (dry products), and because the mushroom dregs are not processed in time and stacked everywhere to generate a large amount of mildew, and the rotten smell seriously influences the living environment, therefore, the mushroom dregs are fermented and degraded by the microbial fermentation technology, so that lignin and cellulose in the raw materials are degraded by 30-40%, crude protein is improved by 25-30%, the yield of amino acid, polysaccharide, iron, calcium, iron and other trace elements and some metabolites is greatly increased, the effective nutrient components in the matrix are increased, and the digestion and utilization rate of nutrient traits is improved.

The Hypsizygus marmoreus is a unique edible fungi Pleurotus ostreatus, is also called Hypsizygus marmoreus, is crisp and tender in texture, delicious in taste and seafood in taste, is called as the Hypsizygus marmoreus in Japan, belongs to white mushroom, has medium sporocarp, white color, fleshy and thick mushroom meat, is delicate in taste, has very high nutritional value and medicinal value, contains 18 amino acids, also contains various polysaccharides, can eliminate free radicals in human bodies, and has the effects of resisting cancer, improving the immunity of human bodies, preventing aging and prolonging the service life when being eaten frequently. The industrial cultivation production of the crab-flavor mushrooms is about 100 days, the biotransformation is 60-80%, the edible mushroom residues refer to waste materials left after cultivation of the strain mushrooms, the edible mushroom residues are instant mushroom waste materials, and only one mushroom is harvested in the industrial production generally in order to ensure the production benefit, so that a large amount of nutrient substances which are not absorbed and utilized are remained in the mushroom residues.

At present, the annual output of the hypsizygus marmoreus dregs in China is only about 300 ten thousand tons, the hypsizygus marmoreus is a high-nutrition fungus, and the nutrition of the fungus dregs is richer than that of common edible fungus dregs produced in an industrial manner. The main formula is as follows: 30% of cottonseed hulls, 50% of fine sawdust, 9% of bran, 5% of corn, 5% of soybean meal, 1% of lime, 7-8% of PH, 65-70% of water content, about 30% of lignin degradable after biological fermentation of a culture medium, 40-50% of crude fiber degradable, 25-40% of protein extractable, and 0.05-0.08% of amino acid in mushroom dregs. The nutrient content is obviously improved, the crude fiber content is obviously reduced, the microbial matrix contains rich amino acids, polysaccharides, iron, calcium, zinc, magnesium and other trace elements, and simultaneously produces a large amount of mycoprotein, various saccharides and various active substances, so that the nutrient content in the matrix is increased, and the digestion and utilization rate of the nutrient substances is improved.

With the rapid development of agriculture, the quantity of agricultural wastes in China is continuously increased, such as oyster mushroom residues, rice hulls, bran, straws and the like, and the quantity is extremely large. Besides a small part of the feed is directly used, most of the feed is abandoned, and on the other hand, along with the rapid development of the large-scale breeding industry and the intensive feed industry in China, the feed resources become increasingly scarce, so that the agricultural wastes are utilized by the biological fermentation technology, the special feed rich in beneficial bacteria and fermentation products thereof is developed, the special feed is fully developed and utilized, the wastes are changed into valuables, the problem of shortage of the agricultural wastes and the feed resources is solved, and the aim of promoting the cyclic utilization of the agricultural resources in China is achieved. The invention provides a biological fermentation feed produced by using agricultural wastes and a preparation method and application thereof, and the biological fermentation feed is prepared by taking the agricultural wastes as a solid culture medium and inoculating lactobacillus plantarum, bacillus subtilis and brewage bacteria for comprehensive fermentation, so that the fermented product is applied to animal production, the appetite can be improved, the feed digestibility can be improved, the growth and development can be promoted, the intestinal health can be improved, and the immunity can be improved. The preparation method of the biological fermentation feed produced by utilizing the agricultural wastes comprises the steps of respectively carrying out liquid fermentation culture on lactobacillus plantarum (L actinobacillus plantarum), bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) and saccharomyces cerevisiae, mixing the obtained fermentation culture solution, carrying out fermentation culture on the mixed fermentation culture solution and an agricultural waste solid culture medium, and carrying out constant-temperature fermentation at 25-30 ℃ to prepare the solid biological fermentation feed.

Lactic acid bacteria are the first and most widely used probiotic bacteria, and are a general term for a group of bacteria that produce large amounts of lactic acid during fermentation of available carbohydrates. The bacteria are anaerobic or facultative anaerobic bacteria, are acid-resistant and can still grow when the pH value is below 415, researches show that metabolites and viable bacteria liquid have strong antibacterial effect on gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria, the antibacterial effect is gradually enhanced along with the reduction of the pH value, and the viable bacteria and the metabolites contain high superoxide dismutase (SOD) and can enhance the humoral immunity and the cellular immunity of animals.

The bacillus is an aerobic bacterium capable of producing spores, can resist high temperature, high pressure and acid and alkali, and has strong vitality. The bacillus can resist gastric acid and the destruction of bile salt and digestive juice of the upper section of the digestive tract, and germinates, grows and breeds after reaching the lower section of the digestive tract; the bacillus is aerobic bacteria, consumes a large amount of oxygen in the intestinal tract, and maintains the anaerobic environment of the intestinal tract, thereby promoting the growth of anaerobic probiotics such as lactobacillus bifidobacteria, inhibiting the growth of aerobic pathogenic bacteria, and maintaining the flora balance of animal intestinal tracts. The bacillus can generate B vitamins such as vitamin B1, B2, B6 and the like, enzymes such as vitamin C, protease, amylase, lipase and the like and various metabolites, and has the effect of promoting the degradation, digestion and absorption of feed and the nutrition metabolism of animals.

Yeast is a kind of non-filamentous eukaryotic microorganism, generally refers to various unicellular fungi capable of fermenting saccharides, and contains abundant proteins, B vitamins, fats, sugars, enzymes and other nutritional components. A large number of application research experiments prove that the yeast plays a role in improving the animal epidemic force, improving the animal production performance, reducing the stress and the like. The main types of the feed yeast are beer yeast and candida utilis. Beer yeast can be used for brewing beer and other beverages, and can ferment bread. The thallus has high content of vitamins and proteins, and can be used as edible, medicinal and feed yeast. Candida utilis can ferment glucose, sucrose and raffinose and assimilate nitrate. The protein content and the vitamin B content of the candida utilis are higher than those of the beer yeast. It can use urea and nitrate as ammonia source, and has no need of any growth factor. More importantly, the method can utilize pentose and hexose, and can also utilize sulfurous acid, wood hydrolysate, molasses and the like in the paper industry to produce proteins for human and livestock to eat.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention provides a biological feed using edible fungus dregs as raw materials and a preparation method thereof aiming at the defects of the prior art, and the produced biological feed not only can be suitable for the growth of livestock and poultry, but also has the characteristic of comprehensive and balanced nutrition.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a biological feed taking edible fungus residues as raw materials comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45 parts of crab-flavor mushroom residues, 11 parts of corns, 10 parts of wheat bran, 10 parts of rice bran, 8 parts of soybean meal, 4 parts of rapeseed shells, 5 parts of corn germs, 0.6 part of table salt and 5 parts of water.

A preparation method of biological feed taking edible fungus residues as raw materials comprises the following steps:

step 1: taking 45 parts of crab-flavor mushroom residues, 11 parts of corns, 10 parts of wheat bran, 10 parts of rice bran, 8 parts of soybean meal, 4 parts of rapeseed shells, 5 parts of corn germs, 0.6 part of salt and 5 parts of water as raw materials, stacking, and stirring by using an edible mushroom stirring machine until the water content is 45-60%;

step 2: after the raw materials are uniformly stirred, spraying the pre-produced composite probiotic liquid strain in the raw materials by using a pump type sprayer; in the spraying process, in order to uniformly spray the bacterial liquid, a upender is adopted, and the bacterial liquid is sprayed while being upended, and the upender needs to be upended for about three times;

and step 3: detecting the water content with a water content tester to be about 50%, bagging, and fermenting by adopting a breathing mode plastic packaging bag;

and 4, step 4: transferring the packaged fermentation bag to a constant-temperature chamber of a fermentation workshop for anaerobic fermentation at the temperature of 30-35 ℃ and the humidity of about 60%, managing by a specially-assigned person, timely treating the bag with air leakage, and making various records; the fermentation time is more than 72 hours;

and 5: after fermentation is finished, the materials generate acid and fragrant smell, namely the materials are fermented to be mature, and then the materials are dried in a low-temperature dryer, wherein the outlet temperature of the dryer is 120 ℃, the material temperature is 55 ℃, and biological bacteria can be killed due to the fact that the temperature is over 80 ℃;

step 6: the raw material is dried and requires 13 percent of water, the raw material is weighed, packaged, put in storage and detected for various technical indexes before being put in storage, and the finished product can be used as biological fermentation protein feed and added into animal feed by an additive method.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention provides a method for preparing plant protein feed by utilizing hypsizygus marmoreus mushroom dregs, which comprises the following steps of firstly taking the hypsizygus marmoreus mushroom dregs and other raw materials such as corn, wheat bran, bean pulp, rapeseed hulls, corn germs and the like, uniformly mixing, adding composite biological strain liquid, uniformly spraying, carrying out sealed fermentation, drying the fermented mixed substance at low temperature, and crushing to obtain the feed: the feed containing active microbial proteins; then adding the mixture into the feed of animals to prepare full-value feed containing rich nutrition for the animals in different growth periods; the composite microbial liquid is prepared from saccharomycetes, lactic acid bacteria and bacillus, through the fermentation effect of biological bacteria, lignin and crude fiber in the raw materials are reduced by 30-40%, crude protein is improved by 25-35%, meanwhile, small molecular substances such as organic acid, soluble polypeptide and the like are generated, and the biological feed with rich nutrition, good palatability and high viable bacteria content is formed.

Detailed Description

In order to better understand the present invention, the following examples are further provided to clearly illustrate the contents of the present invention, but the contents of the present invention are not limited to the following examples. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art, that the present invention may be practiced without one or more of these specific details.

A biological feed taking edible fungus residues as raw materials comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45 parts of crab-flavor mushroom residues, 11 parts of corns, 10 parts of wheat bran, 10 parts of rice bran, 8 parts of soybean meal, 4 parts of rapeseed shells, 5 parts of corn germs, 0.6 part of table salt and 5 parts of water.

A preparation method of biological feed taking edible fungus residues as raw materials comprises the following steps:

step 1: taking 45 parts of crab-flavor mushroom residues, 11 parts of corns, 10 parts of wheat bran, 10 parts of rice bran, 8 parts of soybean meal, 4 parts of rapeseed shells, 5 parts of corn germs, 0.6 part of salt and 5 parts of water as raw materials, stacking, and stirring by using an edible mushroom stirring machine until the water content is 45-60%;

step 2: after the raw materials are uniformly stirred, adding water into the prepared composite probiotic powder for diluting by 200 times, and spraying the powder into the raw materials by using a pump type sprayer; in the spraying process, in order to uniformly spray the bacterial liquid, a upender is adopted, and the bacterial liquid is sprayed while being upended, and the upender needs to be upended for about three times;

and step 3: detecting the water content with a water content tester to be about 50%, bagging, and fermenting by adopting a breathing mode plastic packaging bag;

and 4, step 4: transferring the packaged fermentation bag to a constant-temperature chamber of a fermentation workshop for anaerobic fermentation at the temperature of 30-35 ℃ and the humidity of about 60%, managing by a specially-assigned person, timely treating the bag with air leakage, and making various records; the fermentation time is more than 72 hours;

and 5: after fermentation is finished, the materials generate acid and fragrant smell, namely the materials are fermented to be mature, and then the materials are dried in a low-temperature dryer, wherein the outlet temperature of the dryer is 120 ℃, the material temperature is 65 ℃, and biological bacteria can be killed due to the fact that the temperature is over 80 ℃;

step 6: the raw material is dried and requires 13 percent of water, the raw material is weighed, packaged, put in storage and detected for various technical indexes before being put in storage, and the finished product can be used as biological fermentation protein feed and added into animal feed by an additive method.

The invention provides a method for preparing plant protein feed by using hypsizygus marmoreus mushroom dregs, which comprises the following steps of taking the hypsizygus marmoreus mushroom dregs and other raw materials such as corn, wheat bran, bean pulp, rapeseed shells, corn germs and the like, uniformly mixing, adding a composite biological strain liquid, uniformly spraying, hermetically fermenting, drying the fermented mixed substance at low temperature, and crushing to obtain the plant protein feed, wherein the plant protein feed comprises the following steps: the feed containing the active microbial protein. Then adding the mixture into the feed of animals to prepare the full-value feed containing rich nutrition for the animals in different growth periods.

The composite microbial liquid is prepared from saccharomycetes, lactic acid bacteria and bacillus, through the fermentation effect of biological bacteria, lignin and crude fiber in the raw materials are reduced by 30-40%, crude protein is improved by 25-35%, meanwhile, small molecular substances such as organic acid, soluble polypeptide and the like are generated, and the biological feed with rich nutrition, good palatability and high viable bacteria content is formed.

The animal feed produced by adopting the fermentation technology is mainly characterized in that:

1. contains a large amount of active microorganisms;

2. the palatability is good, the harvest is easy, and the growth speed is high;

3. the acidic substance in the family of materials can prevent the foot and mouth disease of animals;

4. the ecological circulation in the intestinal tract of the animal is balanced under the action of the dry microbial active bacteria, so that various intestinal diseases of the animal are effectively prevented;

5. improves the growth environment of animals, has the function of drying the bacillus seedlings, and reduces the ammonia gas in the circle and the odor of excrement.

The difference between the traditional feed and the biological feed is as follows:

the conventional feed often has the following problems: (1) natural toxic and harmful substances in the feed, (2) the feed is polluted by chemical substances, (3) the feed is polluted by pathogenic microorganisms, (4) the feed is mildewed, and (5) harmful chemical substances, medicinal additives, antibiotics, hormones and the like are artificially added.

Harm caused by traditional feed: (1) the residue and enrichment of harmful substances can destroy the biological functions of human bodies, including sensitization, teratogenicity, carcinogenesis and carcinogenesis, (2) alternate infection of bacteria, (3) drug resistance of bacteria, (4) harm and pollution of ecological environment, and (5) export trade is blocked, and the main problems are that the residues of antibiotics and heavy metals exceed the standard, and the food safety cannot be guaranteed.

The biological feed is characterized in that (1) protease, fatty acid and cellulose mildew generated by probiotic microorganisms can help animals to digest and absorb, so that the utilization rate of the feed is improved, the cost is reduced, the growth speed is high, (2) the palatability is good, fermented feed has a special acid flavor, the eating and drinking of the animals can be increased, (3) multiple beneficial bacteria prevent the reproduction and growth of harmful bacteria and prevent diarrhea and diarrhea in intestinal tracts, (4) the biological feed does not contain antibiotics, does not contain any medicine and harmful substances and can be used for producing green products in a dry mode, (5) animal, livestock and poultry products (meat, eggs and milk) fed by the biological feed have delicious taste and low content of muscle sterol, are health-care livestock and poultry products, (6) the breeding environment is improved, the ammonia gas, odor and death rate contained in pens are eliminated and reduced, and (7) the immunity of the animals can be improved, the morbidity is reduced, and (8) the excrement of the animals can be processed into pollution-free organic fertilizer.

Finally, the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and other modifications or equivalent substitutions made by the technical solutions of the present invention by those of ordinary skill in the art should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention as long as they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. A biological feed taking edible fungus dregs as raw materials is characterized in that: the feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45 parts of crab-flavor mushroom residues, 11 parts of corns, 10 parts of wheat bran, 10 parts of rice bran, 8 parts of soybean meal, 4 parts of rapeseed shells, 5 parts of corn germs, 0.6 part of table salt and 5 parts of water.

2. A preparation method of biological feed taking edible fungus residues as raw materials is characterized by comprising the following steps: the manufacturing method comprises the following steps:

step 1: taking 45 parts of crab-flavor mushroom residues, 11 parts of corns, 10 parts of wheat bran, 10 parts of rice bran, 8 parts of soybean meal, 4 parts of rapeseed shells, 5 parts of corn germs, 0.6 part of salt and 5 parts of water as raw materials, stacking, and stirring by using an edible mushroom stirring machine until the water content is 45-60%;

step 2: after the raw materials are uniformly stirred, spraying the pre-produced composite probiotic liquid strain in the raw materials by using a pump type sprayer; in the spraying process, in order to uniformly spray the bacterial liquid, a upender is adopted, and the bacterial liquid is sprayed while being upended, and the upender needs to be upended for about three times;

and step 3: detecting the water content with a water content tester to be about 50%, bagging, and fermenting by adopting a breathing mode plastic packaging bag;

and 4, step 4: transferring the packaged fermentation bag to a constant-temperature chamber of a fermentation workshop for anaerobic fermentation at the temperature of 30-35 ℃ and the humidity of about 60%, managing by a specially-assigned person, timely treating the bag with air leakage, and making various records; the fermentation time is more than 72 hours;

and 5: after fermentation is finished, the materials generate acid and fragrant smell, namely the materials are fermented to be mature, and then the materials are dried in a low-temperature dryer, wherein the outlet temperature of the dryer is 120 ℃, the material temperature is 65 ℃, and biological bacteria can be killed due to the fact that the temperature is over 80 ℃;

step 6: the raw material is dried and requires 13 percent of water, the raw material is weighed, packaged, put in storage and detected for various technical indexes before being put in storage, and the finished product can be used as biological fermentation protein feed and added into animal feed by an additive method.