CN112772409A - Method for cultivating new corn variety - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H6/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their botanic taxonomy
- A01H6/46—Gramineae or Poaceae, e.g. ryegrass, rice, wheat or maize
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- A01N35/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical containing keto or thioketo groups as part of a ring, e.g. cyclohexanone, quinone; Derivatives thereof, e.g. ketals
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of corn cultivation, and discloses a method for cultivating a new corn variety, which comprises the following steps: selecting a corn hybrid male parent and a hybrid female parent, selecting an improved variety of the hybrid male parent and the hybrid female parent as a hybrid parent, pretreating corn seeds, preparing an organic fertilizer for corn planting, selecting and treating a corn planting area, and hybridizing the treated male parent seeds with the treated female parent seeds. According to the method for cultivating the new corn variety, the corn seeds are pretreated and the soil is blended during sowing, so that the cultivated corn seeds have higher germination rate, more robust seedlings and higher disease resistance, and the method is favorable for cultivating the corn seeds. The method for pre-treating the seeds before corn hybridization and treating the planting soil has the advantages of short breeding period, high breeding efficiency and higher popularization value. The new corn variety cultivated by the method has high yield and strong resistance, and is suitable for the agricultural development requirement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of corn cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating a new corn variety.
Background
At present: corn is an important crop in the world, accounts for 20% of grain yield, and the corn seeding area in China is stabilized at 3 hundred million mu and is the second place in the world. The corn is ranked second in the crop production of China, the planting area is second to that of rice, and the planting area is continuously increased in recent years, so that the demand of corn seeds is increased year by year. The seeds used by farmers are partly left for planting in the last year and partly purchased directly from the market. Whether the seeds are used by farmers for seed reservation at home in the last year or are directly purchased from the market, the phenomena of low germination rate and weak seedling are existed during germination accelerating and seedling raising; and the yield of planting is low, and the economic benefit is poor.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows: the existing corn seeds have the phenomena of low germination rate and insufficiently robust seedlings; and the yield of planting is low, and the economic benefit is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for cultivating a new corn variety.
The invention is realized by a method for breeding a new corn variety, which comprises the following steps:
step one, selecting a corn hybrid male parent and a hybrid female parent: selecting high-yield corn of variety Yuyu No. 8 as a hybrid male parent, and selecting high-quality multi-resistance corn of variety Fu Yuan No. 1 as a hybrid female parent;
selecting improved varieties in the hybrid male parent and the hybrid female parent as hybrid parents: sieving the obtained hybrid male parent and hybrid female parent corn seeds respectively to obtain screened corn seeds; collecting the screened corn seeds, and removing corn stigma, corn straw and other impurities in the corn seeds to obtain pure corn seeds; soaking the corn seeds in water, discarding the corn seeds floating on the water surface, and reserving the corn seeds deposited at the bottom; placing the corn seeds in the sun for airing, and monitoring the water content of the corn seeds to obtain dry seeds;
step three, pretreatment of corn seeds is carried out: preparing seed soaking liquid by using purified water, chelated zinc, calcium hypochlorite, cyclohexanone and black tea extract; collecting dry seeds, wherein the dry seeds comprise male parent seeds and female parent seeds; respectively placing the male parent seeds and the female parent seeds in seed soaking liquid for soaking to obtain treated male parent seeds and treated female parent seeds; respectively airing the treated male parent seeds and the treated female parent seeds to finish the pretreatment of the corn seeds;
the preparation of the seed soaking liquid by using purified water, chelated zinc, calcium hypochlorite, cyclohexanone and black tea extract comprises the following steps:
(3.1) weighing the raw materials according to the mass parts of 10-15 parts of chelated zinc, 5-8 parts of calcium hypochlorite, 10-15 parts of cyclohexanone and 20-25 parts of black tea extract;
(3.2) mixing the weighed raw materials, adding purified water, putting into a pot, heating with strong fire, boiling for 2-3 times, and filtering to obtain filtrate and filter residue;
(3.3) adding water into the filter residue, and then placing the filter residue in a reaction kettle, wherein the temperature in the reaction kettle is controlled to be 230-260 ℃, the pressure in the reaction kettle is controlled to be 0.5-0.6MPa, and the stirring treatment time is 20-25min to obtain a reaction solution;
(3.4) mixing the filtrate with the reaction solution and concentrating to obtain the seed soaking solution;
step four, preparing the organic fertilizer for planting the corns: mixing the zymophyte agent with purified water to obtain zymophyte liquid; crushing and sieving the corn straws to obtain corn straw scraps; diluting animal waste with purified water, and filtering to remove impurities insoluble in water to obtain waste slurry; putting the excrement slurry into a fermentation tank, adding corn straw scraps and zymocyte liquid, and performing sealed fermentation on the fermentation tank to obtain a fermentation product, namely an organic fertilizer;
step five, selecting and processing a corn planting area: selecting a region with flat and open land and high soil organic matter as a planting region of corn; cultivating soil in the corn planting area, and turning out the soil; applying an organic fertilizer and turning the organic fertilizer into soil; monitoring the soil humidity of the corn planting area, and adjusting the soil humidity;
step six, hybridizing the treated male parent seeds with the treated female parent seeds: sowing the treated male parent seeds and the treated female parent seeds in a corn planting area, and performing artificial pollination before the flowering period to complete the hybridization of corn; and continuously cultivating the female parent of the hybrid corn, harvesting corn seeds after the female parent is mature, and removing impurities from the harvested seeds to obtain a new corn variety.
Further, in the second step, the sieving is twice sieving, a large-particle-size screen is used for the first sieving, the large-particle-size corns are sieved, and undersize materials are reserved; and the second sieving uses a small-particle-size sieve, and the undersize product obtained by the first sieving is sieved to retain the oversize product.
Further, in the second step, the soaking time is 6-15 min.
Further, in the second step, the water content of the dried seeds is less than 10%.
Further, in the third step, the soaking time is 3-5 hours.
Further, in the fourth step, the mass ratio of the fermentation bacteria agent to the purified water is 1: 80-100.
Further, in the fourth step, the temperature of the sealed fermentation is 35-38 ℃.
Further, in the fifth step, the depth of the intertillage is 25-30 cm.
Further, in the fifth step, the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 80-100 kg per mu.
Further, in the sixth step, the removing impurities from the harvested seeds includes: removing damaged epidermis, mildew and lesions on the surface, parasitism of pests or damaged by pests and corn seeds with smaller grain diameter.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: according to the method for cultivating the new corn variety, the corn seeds are pretreated and the soil is blended during sowing, so that the cultivated corn seeds have higher germination rate, more robust seedlings and higher disease resistance, and the method is favorable for cultivating the corn seeds. The method for pre-treating the seeds before corn hybridization and treating the planting soil has the advantages of short breeding period, high breeding efficiency and higher popularization value. The new corn variety cultivated by the method has high yield and strong resistance, and is suitable for the agricultural development requirement.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for breeding a new variety of maize according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart for selecting an improved variety of a hybrid male parent and a hybrid female parent as a hybrid parent according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for pre-treating corn seed using a seed soak solution according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the preparation of organic fertilizer for corn planting using fermentation inoculum, purified water, corn stover, and animal waste according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart for selecting a corn planting area and processing the corn planting area according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for breeding a new corn variety, and the invention is described in detail with reference to the attached drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for breeding a new variety of corn provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s101, selecting a corn hybrid male parent and a hybrid female parent: selecting high-yield corn of variety Yuyu No. 8 as a hybrid male parent, and selecting high-quality multi-resistance corn of variety Fu Yuan No. 1 as a hybrid female parent;
s102, discarding inferior seeds in the hybrid male parent and the hybrid female parent, and selecting improved seeds in the hybrid male parent and the hybrid female parent as hybrid parents;
s103, preparing seed soaking liquid, and pretreating corn seeds by using the seed soaking liquid;
s104, preparing an organic fertilizer for planting corns by using a zymophyte agent, purified water, corn straws and animal wastes;
s105, selecting a corn planting area, and processing the corn planting area;
s106, hybridizing the treated male parent seeds with the treated female parent seeds: sowing the treated male parent seeds and the treated female parent seeds in a corn planting area, and performing artificial pollination before the flowering period to complete the hybridization of corn; and continuously cultivating the female parent of the hybrid corn, harvesting corn seeds after the female parent is mature, and removing impurities from the harvested seeds to obtain a new corn variety.
As shown in fig. 2, in step S102, selecting an improved variety of the hybrid male parent and the hybrid female parent as a hybrid parent includes:
s201, sieving the obtained hybrid male parent and hybrid female parent corn seeds respectively to obtain screened corn seeds;
s202, collecting the screened corn seeds, and removing corn stigma, corn straw and other impurities in the corn seeds to obtain pure corn seeds;
s203, soaking the corn seeds in water, discarding the corn seeds floating on the water surface, and reserving the corn seeds deposited at the bottom;
s204, placing the corn seeds in the sun for airing, and monitoring the water content of the corn seeds to obtain the dry seeds.
In step S201, the sieving provided by the embodiment of the present invention is twice sieving, where a large-particle-size screen is used for the first sieving to remove large-particle-size corn and to retain undersize; and the second sieving uses a small-particle-size sieve, and the undersize product obtained by the first sieving is sieved to retain the oversize product.
In step S203, the soaking time provided by the embodiment of the present invention is 6-15 min.
In step S204, the moisture content of the dried seeds provided by the embodiment of the present invention is less than 10%.
As shown in fig. 3, in step S103, the pretreatment of the corn seeds by using the seed soaking liquid according to the embodiment of the present invention includes:
s301, preparing a seed soaking liquid by using purified water, chelated zinc, calcium hypochlorite, cyclohexanone and black tea extract;
s302, collecting dry seeds, wherein the dry seeds comprise male parent seeds and female parent seeds;
s303, respectively placing the male parent seeds and the female parent seeds in seed soaking liquid for soaking to obtain treated male parent seeds and treated female parent seeds;
s304, airing the treated male parent seeds and the treated female parent seeds respectively to finish the pretreatment of the corn seeds.
In step S301, the preparation of the seed soaking liquid using purified water, chelated zinc, calcium hypochlorite, cyclohexanone, and black tea extract according to the embodiment of the present invention includes:
weighing the raw materials according to the mass parts of 10-15 parts of chelated zinc, 5-8 parts of calcium hypochlorite, 10-15 parts of cyclohexanone and 20-25 parts of black tea extract; mixing the weighed raw materials, adding purified water, putting into a pot, heating with strong fire, boiling for 2-3 times, and filtering to obtain filtrate and filter residue; adding water into the filter residue, placing the filter residue in a reaction kettle, controlling the temperature in the reaction kettle to be 230-260 ℃, controlling the pressure in the reaction kettle to be 0.5-0.6MPa, and stirring for 20-25min to obtain a reaction solution; ) Mixing the filtrate with the reaction solution, and concentrating to obtain the seed soaking solution.
In step S303, the soaking time provided by the embodiment of the present invention is 3 to 5 hours.
As shown in fig. 4, in step S104, the preparation of the organic fertilizer for corn planting using a fermentation bacteria agent, purified water, corn stalks and animal waste according to the embodiment of the present invention includes:
s401, mixing a zymophyte agent with purified water to obtain a zymophyte liquid;
s402, crushing and screening the corn straws to obtain corn straw scraps;
s403, diluting the animal excrement by using purified water, and filtering to remove impurities insoluble in water to obtain excrement slurry;
s404, placing the excrement slurry in a fermentation tank, adding the corn straw scraps and the zymophyte liquid, and performing sealed fermentation on the fermentation tank to obtain a fermentation product, namely the organic fertilizer.
In step S401, the mass ratio of the fermentation bacteria agent provided by the embodiment of the invention to the purified water is 1: 80-100.
In step S404, the temperature of the sealed fermentation provided by the embodiment of the invention is 35-38 ℃.
As shown in fig. 5, in step S105, selecting a corn planting area and processing the corn planting area according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:
s501, selecting a region with flat and open land and high soil organic matter as a planting region of corn;
s502, cultivating soil in the corn planting area, and turning out the soil; applying an organic fertilizer and turning the organic fertilizer into soil;
s503, monitoring the soil humidity of the corn planting area, and adjusting the soil humidity.
In step S502, the depth of the intertillage provided by the embodiment of the invention is 25-30 cm.
In step S502, the application amount of the organic fertilizer provided by the embodiment of the invention is 80-100 kg per mu.
In step S106, the removing impurities from the harvested seeds provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes: removing damaged epidermis, mildew and lesions on the surface, parasitism of pests or damaged by pests and corn seeds with smaller grain diameter.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention disclosed herein, which is within the spirit and principle of the present invention, should be covered by the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for breeding a new variety of corn, comprising the steps of:
step one, selecting a corn hybrid male parent and a hybrid female parent: selecting high-yield corn of variety Yuyu No. 8 as a hybrid male parent, and selecting high-quality multi-resistance corn of variety Fu Yuan No. 1 as a hybrid female parent;
selecting improved varieties in the hybrid male parent and the hybrid female parent as hybrid parents: sieving the obtained hybrid male parent and hybrid female parent corn seeds respectively to obtain screened corn seeds; collecting the screened corn seeds, and removing corn stigma, corn straw and other impurities in the corn seeds to obtain pure corn seeds; soaking the corn seeds in water, discarding the corn seeds floating on the water surface, and reserving the corn seeds deposited at the bottom; placing the corn seeds in the sun for airing, and monitoring the water content of the corn seeds to obtain dry seeds;
step three, pretreatment of corn seeds is carried out: preparing seed soaking liquid by using purified water, chelated zinc, calcium hypochlorite, cyclohexanone and black tea extract; collecting dry seeds, wherein the dry seeds comprise male parent seeds and female parent seeds; respectively placing the male parent seeds and the female parent seeds in seed soaking liquid for soaking to obtain treated male parent seeds and treated female parent seeds; respectively airing the treated male parent seeds and the treated female parent seeds to finish the pretreatment of the corn seeds;
the preparation of the seed soaking liquid by using purified water, chelated zinc, calcium hypochlorite, cyclohexanone and black tea extract comprises the following steps:
(3.1) weighing the raw materials according to the mass parts of 10-15 parts of chelated zinc, 5-8 parts of calcium hypochlorite, 10-15 parts of cyclohexanone and 20-25 parts of black tea extract;
(3.2) mixing the weighed raw materials, adding purified water, putting into a pot, heating with strong fire, boiling for 2-3 times, and filtering to obtain filtrate and filter residue;
(3.3) adding water into the filter residue, and then placing the filter residue in a reaction kettle, wherein the temperature in the reaction kettle is controlled to be 230-260 ℃, the pressure in the reaction kettle is controlled to be 0.5-0.6MPa, and the stirring treatment time is 20-25min to obtain a reaction solution;
(3.4) mixing the filtrate with the reaction solution and concentrating to obtain the seed soaking solution;
step four, preparing the organic fertilizer for planting the corns: mixing the zymophyte agent with purified water to obtain zymophyte liquid; crushing and sieving the corn straws to obtain corn straw scraps; diluting animal waste with purified water, and filtering to remove impurities insoluble in water to obtain waste slurry; putting the excrement slurry into a fermentation tank, adding corn straw scraps and zymocyte liquid, and performing sealed fermentation on the fermentation tank to obtain a fermentation product, namely an organic fertilizer;
step five, selecting and processing a corn planting area: selecting a region with flat and open land and high soil organic matter as a planting region of corn; cultivating soil in the corn planting area, and turning out the soil; applying an organic fertilizer and turning the organic fertilizer into soil; monitoring the soil humidity of the corn planting area, and adjusting the soil humidity;
step six, hybridizing the treated male parent seeds with the treated female parent seeds: sowing the treated male parent seeds and the treated female parent seeds in a corn planting area, and performing artificial pollination before the flowering period to complete the hybridization of corn; and continuously cultivating the female parent of the hybrid corn, harvesting corn seeds after the female parent is mature, and removing impurities from the harvested seeds to obtain a new corn variety.
2. The method for breeding a new variety of corn as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the second step, the sieving is twice sieving, and the large-grain-size corn is sieved out by using a large-grain-size sieve for the first sieving, and undersize materials are retained; and the second sieving uses a small-particle-size sieve, and the undersize product obtained by the first sieving is sieved to retain the oversize product.
3. The method for breeding a new variety of maize as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step two, the soaking time is 6-15 min.
4. The method of breeding a new variety of maize according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the moisture content of the dried seed is less than 10%.
5. The method for breeding a new variety of maize as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soaking time in step three is 3-5 h.
6. The method for breeding a new variety of corn according to claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the mass ratio of the fermentation inoculant to the purified water is 1: 80-100.
7. The method for breeding a new variety of maize as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step four, the temperature of the sealed fermentation is 35-38 ℃.
8. The method of producing a new variety of maize according to claim 1, wherein in the fifth step, the depth of cultivation is 25 to 30 cm.
9. The method for breeding a new variety of corn as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the fifth step, the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 80-100 kg per mu.
10. The method for breeding a new variety of maize as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step six, the removing the impurities from the harvested seeds comprises: removing damaged epidermis, mildew and lesions on the surface, parasitism of pests or damaged by pests and corn seeds with smaller grain diameter.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112753569A (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2021-05-07 | 楚雄彝族自治州农业科学院 | Method for cultivating new hybrid corn variety resistant to high temperature and heat damage |
| CN114303938A (en) * | 2022-01-10 | 2022-04-12 | 贵州大学 | Cross breeding method of phosphorus-efficient corn |
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