CN112772351A - Potato virus-free seedling culture medium and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Potato virus-free seedling culture medium and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112772351A CN112772351A CN202110057741.3A CN202110057741A CN112772351A CN 112772351 A CN112772351 A CN 112772351A CN 202110057741 A CN202110057741 A CN 202110057741A CN 112772351 A CN112772351 A CN 112772351A
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- 241000228245 Aspergillus niger Species 0.000 claims description 27
- 240000006439 Aspergillus oryzae Species 0.000 claims description 27
- 235000002247 Aspergillus oryzae Nutrition 0.000 claims description 27
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims description 27
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 27
- 241000985513 Penicillium oxalicum Species 0.000 claims description 27
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation substrate for potato virus-free seedlings and a preparation method thereof. The cultivation medium for the potato virus-free seedlings is prepared from raw materials including compound microorganisms, straws, animal wastes, grass peat, oil bran and bean cake powder. The preparation process of the potato virus-free seedling culture medium comprises the following steps: step 1, mixing single bacterial powder according to a preset weight proportion to obtain a composite microorganism; step 2, adding the compound microorganisms, the straws, the animal wastes, the grass peat, the oil bran and the bean cake powder together according to a preset weight proportion, stirring and uniformly mixing, and adding clear water to adjust the water content of the mixed materials; and 3, stacking and fermenting at the ambient temperature of more than or equal to 4 ℃, and taking the fermented product as the cultivation substrate of the potato virus-free seedlings. The cultivation substrate of the potato virus-free seedlings is used for cultivating the potato virus-free seedlings, can promote the growth of the potato virus-free seedlings, and improves the yield and the quality of potato virus-free seed potatoes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and particularly relates to a cultivation substrate for potato virus-free seedlings and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the continuous and deep understanding of the nutritional value of potatoes, people have an increasing demand for consumption of potatoes, and the quality of potato seeds is a key factor influencing the yield and quality of potatoes.
At present, in the process of industrially producing detoxified potato breeder seeds, vermiculite, perlite, sandy soil and the like are often adopted as culture media, the culture media lack nutrient substances, and nutrient solution needs to be continuously sprayed in the later stage to meet the requirement of potato seedling growth. The cultivation method easily causes the untimely nutrition supply of the potato seeds, influences the healthy growth of the seeds, further reduces the yield and quality of the potato seeds, and influences the later-stage potato planting.
Therefore, the development of a cultivation substrate with rich nutrition and the application of the cultivation substrate in the production of potato virus-free seed potatoes are significant for promoting the development of the potato industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a potato virus-free seedling culture medium and a preparation method thereof, and the potato virus-free seedling culture medium can be used for improving the yield and quality of potato virus-free seed potatoes.
In one aspect, the invention provides a cultivation medium for potato virus-free seedlings, which is prepared from raw materials including compound microorganisms, straws, animal wastes, grass peat, oil bran and bean cake powder.
Preferably, the raw materials comprise, by weight, 5-10 parts of the compound microorganism, 30-40 parts of the straw, 40-50 parts of the animal manure, 10-15 parts of the grass peat, 2-5 parts of the oil bran and 2-5 parts of the bean cake powder.
Preferably, the raw materials comprise 5 parts of the compound microorganism, 34 parts of the straw, 40 parts of the animal manure, 13 parts of the grass peat, 2 parts of the oil bran and 4 parts of the bean cake powder by weight.
Preferably, the raw materials comprise 7 parts of the compound microorganism, 36 parts of the straw, 43 parts of the animal manure, 15 parts of the grass peat, 3 parts of the oil bran and 3 parts of the bean cake powder by weight.
Preferably, the raw materials comprise 8 parts of the compound microorganism, 40 parts of the straw, 47 parts of the animal manure, 12 parts of the grass peat, 4 parts of the oil bran and 5 parts of the bean cake powder by weight.
Preferably, the raw materials comprise 10 parts of the compound microorganism, 30 parts of the straw, 50 parts of the animal manure, 10 parts of the grass peat, 5 parts of the oil bran and 2 parts of the bean cake powder by weight.
Preferably, the complex microorganism includes penicillium oxalicum, aspergillus oryzae, aspergillus niger, lactobacillus rhamnosus, saccharomyces cerevisiae, and bacillus subtilis.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a preparation method of the potato virus-free seedling culture medium, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, mixing single bacterial powder according to a preset weight proportion to obtain a composite microorganism;
step 2, adding the compound microorganisms, the straws, the animal wastes, the grass peat, the oil bran and the bean cake powder together according to a preset weight proportion, stirring and uniformly mixing, and adding clear water to adjust the water content of the mixed materials;
and 3, stacking and fermenting at the ambient temperature of more than or equal to 4 ℃, and taking the fermented product as the cultivation substrate of the potato virus-free seedlings.
Preferably, in step 2, the moisture content of the mixed material is adjusted to 50-70%.
Preferably, in step 4, the time for the stacking fermentation is 160-170 days.
The cultivation substrate of the potato virus-free seedlings is used for cultivating the potato virus-free seedlings, can promote the growth of the potato virus-free seedlings, and improves the yield and the quality of potato virus-free seed potatoes.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments, and the advantages and features of the invention will become apparent as the description proceeds. It should be understood that the examples are illustrative only and are not limiting upon the scope of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and that such changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
In the following description, all methods involved are conventional in the art unless otherwise specified. The starting materials mentioned are all those which are commercially available from the public unless otherwise specified.
The method comprises the steps of mixing compound microorganisms, straws, animal wastes, grass peat, oil bran and bean cake powder according to a certain proportion to obtain a mixed material, adjusting the water content of the mixed material, and fermenting to obtain the potato virus-free seedling culture medium (for convenience of description, the culture medium is hereinafter referred to as culture medium). Wherein the straw is a general term of the stem, leaf and ear parts of the mature crops. The crops are preferably wheat, rice, corn, potatoes, oil plants, cotton or sugarcane and the like. When the culture medium is prepared, the straws are preferably crushed into straw particles or straw powder, and the length of the straw particles is preferably less than or equal to 3 cm. The oil bran is the product of the rice processing and is the part between the outer bran and the inner rice. The culture medium is used for cultivating the potato virus-free seedlings, can promote the growth of the potato virus-free seedlings, and improves the yield and the quality of potato virus-free seed potatoes.
In one embodiment of the invention, the culture medium is prepared from raw materials consisting of compound microorganisms, straws, animal wastes, grass peat, oil bran, bean cake powder and clear water. The specific preparation process comprises the following steps:
1) selecting Penicillium oxalicum (Penicillium oxalicum) powder, Aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae) powder, Aspergillus niger (Aspergillus niger) powder, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (Lactobacillus rhamnosus) powder, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) powder and Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) powder, and then compounding the six bacteria according to the weight ratio to obtain the composite microorganism, wherein the composite microorganism is preferably selected from the group consisting of 10-20 parts of the Penicillium oxalicum powder, 5-15 parts of the Aspergillus oryzae powder, 10-25 parts of the Aspergillus niger powder, 10-20 parts of the Lactobacillus rhamnosus powder, 5-10 parts of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae powder and 15-25 parts of the Bacillus subtilis powder. On one hand, lactobacillus rhamnosus, saccharomyces cerevisiae and bacillus subtilis are fermented and cultured in corresponding liquid culture media to obtain bacterial liquids, and then thalli are separated from the fermentation culture and dried and concentrated to prepare single-strain solid bacterial powder. The bacterial content of each single strain solid bacterial powder is respectively as follows: the content of Lactobacillus rhamnosus is not less than 2.0 × 1011cfu/g, the bacteria content of the saccharomyces cerevisiae is more than or equal to 4.0 multiplied by 1010cfu/g, Bacillus subtilisThe bacteria content is not less than 2.5 × 1010cfu/g. On the other hand, the penicillium oxalicum, aspergillus oryzae and aspergillus niger are respectively fermented in corresponding solid culture media to obtain solid cultures, and then the solid cultures are dried and crushed to prepare single-strain solid bacterial powder. The bacterial contents of the three single-strain solid bacterial powders are respectively as follows: the content of Penicillium oxalicum is not less than 1.5 × 1010cfu/g, the bacterial content of Aspergillus oryzae is more than or equal to 3.0 multiplied by 1010cfu/g, the bacterial content of Aspergillus niger is more than or equal to 3.5 multiplied by 1010cfu/g。
2) Weighing the compound microorganisms, the straws, the animal wastes, the grass peat, the oil bran and the bean cake powder according to a preset weight proportion, then adding the six raw materials together, stirring, uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed material, and then adding clear water to adjust the moisture content of the mixed material. The weight proportions of the six raw material components are respectively optimized as follows: 5-10 parts of compound microorganism, 30-40 parts of straw, 40-50 parts of animal manure, 10-15 parts of grass peat, 2-5 parts of oil bran and 2-5 parts of bean cake powder. The moisture content of the mixture is preferably 50 to 70%.
3) The initial pH of the mixed materials is natural, and the mixed materials are piled up and fermented at the ambient temperature of more than or equal to 4 ℃, and the fermented product is the culture medium. The fermentation time is preferably 160-170 days. When the stacking fermentation is carried out for 90 days, the fermentation material is turned over once, and then the stacking fermentation is continued.
To help better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the following examples are provided to illustrate the preparation process of the culture substrate of the present invention.
Example one
The raw materials of the culture medium comprise 5 parts of composite microorganisms, 34 parts of wheat straw powder, 40 parts of animal waste, 13 parts of grass peat, 2 parts of oil bran and 4 parts of bean cake powder by weight. The composite microorganism is prepared by compounding penicillium oxalicum powder, aspergillus oryzae powder, aspergillus niger powder, rhamnose lactobacillus powder, saccharomyces cerevisiae powder and bacillus subtilis powder, wherein the six bacteria are respectively 10 parts of penicillium oxalicum powder, 11 parts of aspergillus oryzae powder, 20 parts of aspergillus niger powder, 16 parts of rhamnose lactobacillus powder, 8 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae powder and 22 parts of bacillus subtilis powder by weight. Six kinds of fungus powderThe preparation method is carried out by the inventor, on one hand, lactobacillus rhamnosus, saccharomyces cerevisiae and bacillus subtilis are fermented and cultured in corresponding liquid culture media to obtain bacterial liquids, and then thalli are separated from fermentation cultures, dried and concentrated to prepare single-strain solid bacterial powder. The bacterial content of each single strain solid bacterial powder is respectively as follows: the content of Lactobacillus rhamnosus is not less than 2.0 × 1011cfu/g, the bacteria content of the saccharomyces cerevisiae is more than or equal to 4.0 multiplied by 1010cfu/g, the bacterium content of the bacillus subtilis is more than or equal to 2.5 multiplied by 1010cfu/g. On the other hand, the penicillium oxalicum, aspergillus oryzae and aspergillus niger are respectively fermented in corresponding solid culture media to obtain solid cultures, and then the solid cultures are dried and crushed to prepare single-strain solid bacterial powder. The bacterial contents of the three single-strain solid bacterial powders are respectively as follows: the content of Penicillium oxalicum is not less than 1.5 × 1010cfu/g, the bacterial content of Aspergillus oryzae is more than or equal to 3.0 multiplied by 1010cfu/g, the bacterial content of Aspergillus niger is more than or equal to 3.5 multiplied by 1010cfu/g。
The culture medium is prepared by the following steps.
Step 1, adding penicillium oxalicum powder, aspergillus oryzae powder, aspergillus niger powder, lactobacillus rhamnosus powder, saccharomyces cerevisiae powder and bacillus subtilis powder together, and uniformly mixing to obtain the composite microorganism.
And 2, adding the composite microorganisms, the wheat straw powder, the animal manure, the grass peat, the oil bran and the bean cake powder together, stirring, uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed material, and adding clear water to adjust the water content of the mixed material to 50%.
And 3, performing stacking fermentation on the mixed material for 90 days at the ambient temperature of more than or equal to 4 ℃ under natural initial pH, turning over the fermented material once, and continuing stacking fermentation for 70 days to obtain a fermented product, namely the culture medium 1.
Example two
The raw materials of the culture medium comprise 7 parts of compound microorganisms, 36 parts of corn straw particles, 43 parts of animal wastes, 15 parts of grass peat, 3 parts of oil bran and 3 parts of bean cake powder by weight. Wherein the compound microorganism is selected from Penicillium oxalicum powder, Aspergillus oryzae powder, Aspergillus niger powder, and rhamnose lactobacillusThe bacillus subtilis strain is prepared by compounding bacterial powder, saccharomyces cerevisiae bacterial powder and bacillus subtilis bacterial powder, wherein the six bacterial powders are 14 parts of penicillium oxalicum bacterial powder, 8 parts of aspergillus oryzae bacterial powder, 15 parts of aspergillus niger bacterial powder, 10 parts of rhamnose lactobacillus bacterial powder, 10 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae bacterial powder and 18 parts of bacillus subtilis bacterial powder respectively. The six bacterial powders are prepared by the inventor, on one hand, lactobacillus rhamnosus, saccharomyces cerevisiae and bacillus subtilis are fermented and cultured in corresponding liquid culture media to obtain bacterial liquids, and then thalli are separated from the fermented culture and dried and concentrated to prepare single-strain solid bacterial powders. The bacterial content of each single strain solid bacterial powder is respectively as follows: the content of Lactobacillus rhamnosus is not less than 2.0 × 1011cfu/g, the bacteria content of the saccharomyces cerevisiae is more than or equal to 4.0 multiplied by 1010cfu/g, the bacterium content of the bacillus subtilis is more than or equal to 2.5 multiplied by 1010cfu/g. On the other hand, the penicillium oxalicum, aspergillus oryzae and aspergillus niger are respectively fermented in corresponding solid culture media to obtain solid cultures, and then the solid cultures are dried and crushed to prepare single-strain solid bacterial powder. The bacterial contents of the three single-strain solid bacterial powders are respectively as follows: the content of Penicillium oxalicum is not less than 1.5 × 1010cfu/g, the bacterial content of Aspergillus oryzae is more than or equal to 3.0 multiplied by 1010cfu/g, the bacterial content of Aspergillus niger is more than or equal to 3.5 multiplied by 1010cfu/g。
The culture medium is prepared by the following steps.
Step 1, adding penicillium oxalicum powder, aspergillus oryzae powder, aspergillus niger powder, lactobacillus rhamnosus powder, saccharomyces cerevisiae powder and bacillus subtilis powder together, and uniformly mixing to obtain the composite microorganism.
And 2, adding the composite microorganisms, the corn straw particles, the animal manure, the grass peat, the oil bran and the bean cake powder together, stirring, uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed material, and adding clear water to adjust the water content of the mixed material to be 60%.
And 3, performing stacking fermentation on the mixed material for 90 days at the ambient temperature of more than or equal to 4 ℃ under natural initial pH, turning over the fermented material once, and continuing stacking fermentation for 73 days, wherein the fermented product is the culture medium 2.
EXAMPLE III
The raw materials of the culture medium comprise 8 parts of composite microorganisms, 40 parts of rice straw powder, 47 parts of animal waste, 12 parts of grass peat, 4 parts of oil bran and 5 parts of soybean cake powder by weight. The composite microorganism is prepared by compounding penicillium oxalicum powder, aspergillus oryzae powder, aspergillus niger powder, rhamnose lactobacillus powder, saccharomyces cerevisiae powder and bacillus subtilis powder, wherein the six bacteria are 17 parts of penicillium oxalicum powder, 15 parts of aspergillus oryzae powder, 10 parts of aspergillus niger powder, 20 parts of rhamnose lactobacillus powder, 7 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae powder and 25 parts of bacillus subtilis powder respectively by weight. The six bacterial powders are prepared by the inventor, on one hand, lactobacillus rhamnosus, saccharomyces cerevisiae and bacillus subtilis are fermented and cultured in corresponding liquid culture media to obtain bacterial liquids, and then thalli are separated from the fermented culture and dried and concentrated to prepare single-strain solid bacterial powders. The bacterial content of each single strain solid bacterial powder is respectively as follows: the content of Lactobacillus rhamnosus is not less than 2.0 × 1011cfu/g, the bacteria content of the saccharomyces cerevisiae is more than or equal to 4.0 multiplied by 1010cfu/g, the bacterium content of the bacillus subtilis is more than or equal to 2.5 multiplied by 1010cfu/g. On the other hand, the penicillium oxalicum, aspergillus oryzae and aspergillus niger are respectively fermented in corresponding solid culture media to obtain solid cultures, and then the solid cultures are dried and crushed to prepare single-strain solid bacterial powder. The bacterial contents of the three single-strain solid bacterial powders are respectively as follows: the content of Penicillium oxalicum is not less than 1.5 × 1010cfu/g, the bacterial content of Aspergillus oryzae is more than or equal to 3.0 multiplied by 1010cfu/g, the bacterial content of Aspergillus niger is more than or equal to 3.5 multiplied by 1010cfu/g。
The culture medium is prepared by the following steps.
Step 1, adding penicillium oxalicum powder, aspergillus oryzae powder, aspergillus niger powder, lactobacillus rhamnosus powder, saccharomyces cerevisiae powder and bacillus subtilis powder together, and uniformly mixing to obtain the composite microorganism.
And 2, adding the composite microorganisms, the rice straw powder, the animal manure, the grass peat, the oil bran and the bean cake powder together, stirring, uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed material, and adding clear water to adjust the water content of the mixed material to 65%.
And 3, performing stacking fermentation on the mixed material for 90 days at the ambient temperature of more than or equal to 4 ℃ under natural initial pH, turning over the fermented material once, and continuing stacking fermentation for 76 days, wherein the fermented product is the culture medium 3.
Example four
The raw materials of the culture medium comprise, by weight, 10 parts of composite microorganisms, 30 parts of mixed straw powder, 50 parts of animal waste, 10 parts of grass peat, 5 parts of oil bran and 2 parts of soybean cake powder. Wherein the mixed straw powder is a mixture of wheat straw powder, rice straw powder and corn straw powder according to the weight ratio of 1:1: 1. The composite microorganism is prepared by compounding penicillium oxalicum powder, aspergillus oryzae powder, aspergillus niger powder, rhamnose lactobacillus powder, saccharomyces cerevisiae powder and bacillus subtilis powder, wherein the six bacteria comprise, by weight, 20 parts of penicillium oxalicum powder, 5 parts of aspergillus oryzae powder, 25 parts of aspergillus niger powder, 13 parts of rhamnose lactobacillus powder, 5 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae powder and 15 parts of bacillus subtilis powder. The six bacterial powders are prepared by the inventor, on one hand, lactobacillus rhamnosus, saccharomyces cerevisiae and bacillus subtilis are fermented and cultured in corresponding liquid culture media to obtain bacterial liquids, and then thalli are separated from the fermented culture and dried and concentrated to prepare single-strain solid bacterial powders. The bacterial content of each single strain solid bacterial powder is respectively as follows: the content of Lactobacillus rhamnosus is not less than 2.0 × 1011cfu/g, the bacteria content of the saccharomyces cerevisiae is more than or equal to 4.0 multiplied by 1010cfu/g, the bacterium content of the bacillus subtilis is more than or equal to 2.5 multiplied by 1010cfu/g. On the other hand, the penicillium oxalicum, aspergillus oryzae and aspergillus niger are respectively fermented in corresponding solid culture media to obtain solid cultures, and then the solid cultures are dried and crushed to prepare single-strain solid bacterial powder. The bacterial contents of the three single-strain solid bacterial powders are respectively as follows: the content of Penicillium oxalicum is not less than 1.5 × 1010cfu/g, the bacterial content of Aspergillus oryzae is more than or equal to 3.0 multiplied by 1010cfu/g, the bacterial content of Aspergillus niger is more than or equal to 3.5 multiplied by 1010cfu/g。
The culture medium is prepared by the following steps.
Step 1, adding penicillium oxalicum powder, aspergillus oryzae powder, aspergillus niger powder, lactobacillus rhamnosus powder, saccharomyces cerevisiae powder and bacillus subtilis powder together, and uniformly mixing to obtain the composite microorganism.
And 2, adding the composite microorganisms, the wheat straw powder, the rice straw powder, the corn straw powder, the animal manure, the grass peat, the oil bran and the bean cake powder together, stirring, uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed material, and adding clear water to adjust the water content of the mixed material to be 70%.
And 3, performing stacking fermentation on the mixed material for 90 days at the ambient temperature of more than or equal to 4 ℃ under natural initial pH, turning over the fermented material once, and continuing stacking fermentation for 80 days to obtain a fermented product, namely the culture medium 4.
In order to help better understand the technical scheme of the invention, a cultivation test example of the potato virus-free seedlings is provided below for illustrating the application effect of the invention.
Test example: effect of the cultivation substrate on the growth of the virus-free seedlings of potatoes
The test field is located in Songyuan city of Jilin province, and the test is carried out in the same insect-proof net greenhouse. 5 groups of experimental designs, including 4 experimental groups and 1 control group, each group of experimental designs 3 experimental cells, each area of 1.0m2All test cells are randomly distributed.
The four test groups respectively adopt culture substrates 1-4 prepared by the invention, and the comparison group adopts a substrate prepared from vermiculite and perlite, wherein the weight ratio of the vermiculite to the perlite is 2: 1. The volume and the dosage of the matrix in each cell are the same, and the thickness of the matrix is 15 cm.
Selecting Chunshiya No. 3 as a test variety, field planting in the first ten days of 6 months with the plant spacing of 5cm and the row spacing of 5cm, selecting virus-free test-tube seedlings with similar growth vigor during field planting, cutting off roots, cleaning a culture medium, soaking in a rooting solution, and then cutting into a seedbed. And (3) spraying the nutrient solution for 1 time every 7 days from the rooting of the cutting seedlings, performing the same conventional management on each cell, and harvesting the seed potatoes in 8 middle-of-month ten days. And (3) investigating the survival rate of the cutting seedlings in each cell on the 30 th day and the plant height, stem thickness and leaf number of the cutting seedlings in each cell on the 60 th day from the beginning of the cutting of the virus-free test-tube seedlings. And calculating the average survival rate, the average plant height, the average stem thickness and the average leaf number of each group of cutting seedlings. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the survival rate, plant height, stem thickness and leaf number of the 4 groups of potato virus-free seedlings adopting the culture medium are all higher than those of the control. Therefore, the prepared culture medium 1-culture medium 4 can promote the growth of potato virus-free seedlings when used for cultivating the potato virus-free seedlings.
In addition, after the seed potatoes are harvested, the effective potato grain number, the large potato grain number, the total seed potato yield and the large potato rate of each cell are counted. And calculating the average effective potato grain number, the average large potato grain number, the average total seed potato yield and the average large potato rate of each group. The results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
As can be seen from the data in Table 2, the effective potato grain number, the large potato grain number, the total seed potato yield and the large potato rate of the 4 groups of potato virus-free seedlings adopting the culture medium are all obviously higher than those of the control. Therefore, the prepared culture medium 1-culture medium 4 can be used for cultivating potato virus-free seedlings, and can improve the yield and quality of potato virus-free seed potatoes.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent structural changes made by using the contents of the present specification, or any other related technical fields directly or indirectly, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A culture medium for potato virus-free seedlings is prepared from raw materials including compound microorganisms, straws, animal wastes, grass peat, oil bran and bean cake powder.
2. The potato virus-free seedling cultivation medium according to claim 1, characterized in that: the raw materials comprise, by weight, 5-10 parts of the compound microorganism, 30-40 parts of the straw, 40-50 parts of the animal manure, 10-15 parts of the grass peat, 2-5 parts of the oil bran and 2-5 parts of the bean cake powder.
3. The potato virus-free seedling cultivation medium according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the raw materials comprise, by weight, 5 parts of the compound microorganism, 34 parts of the straw, 40 parts of the animal manure, 13 parts of the grass peat, 2 parts of the oil bran and 4 parts of the bean cake powder.
4. The potato virus-free seedling cultivation medium according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the raw materials comprise 7 parts of the compound microorganism, 36 parts of the straw, 43 parts of the animal manure, 15 parts of the grass peat, 3 parts of the oil bran and 3 parts of the bean cake powder by weight.
5. The potato virus-free seedling cultivation medium according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the raw materials comprise 8 parts of the compound microorganism, 40 parts of the straw, 47 parts of the animal waste, 12 parts of the grass peat, 4 parts of the oil bran and 5 parts of the bean cake powder by weight.
6. The potato virus-free seedling cultivation medium according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the raw materials comprise, by weight, 10 parts of the compound microorganism, 30 parts of the straw, 50 parts of the animal manure, 10 parts of the grass peat, 5 parts of the oil bran and 2 parts of the bean cake powder.
7. The potato virus-free seedling cultivation medium according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the compound microorganism comprises penicillium oxalicum, aspergillus oryzae, aspergillus niger, lactobacillus rhamnosus, saccharomyces cerevisiae and bacillus subtilis.
8. The method for preparing a cultivation substrate for potato virus-free seedlings as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, which comprises the steps of:
step 1, mixing single bacterial powder according to a preset weight proportion to obtain a composite microorganism;
step 2, adding the compound microorganisms, the straws, the animal wastes, the grass peat, the oil bran and the bean cake powder together according to a preset weight proportion, stirring and uniformly mixing, and adding clear water to adjust the water content of the mixed materials;
and 3, stacking and fermenting at the ambient temperature of more than or equal to 4 ℃, and taking the fermented product as the cultivation substrate of the potato virus-free seedlings.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein: in step 2, the moisture content of the mixed material is adjusted to 50-70%.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein: in step 4, the time for stacking fermentation is 160-170 days.
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