CN112760785A - 纳米银纤维材料的制备方法 - Google Patents

纳米银纤维材料的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN112760785A
CN112760785A CN202011591780.3A CN202011591780A CN112760785A CN 112760785 A CN112760785 A CN 112760785A CN 202011591780 A CN202011591780 A CN 202011591780A CN 112760785 A CN112760785 A CN 112760785A
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仇瑾
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Yangzhou Aolikes Physical Culture Article Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开一种纳米银纤维材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：1)采用含银锦纶纳米纤维与聚丙烯酸钠纤维混纺，制备混纺纱线；2)利用步骤1)得到的混纺纱线作为经纱与聚丙烯酸钠纤维作为纬纱进行纺织，织物组织为平纹，织物经密168根/10cm，纬密81根/10cm。采用本发明制备工艺制备得到的纳米银材料织物在确保抗菌性能的同时，提高了织物的透气率和透湿率，大幅提高了与皮肤接触的舒适度。

Description

纳米银纤维材料的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及纺织材料技术领域，具体涉及护具用纳米银纤维材料的制备方法。
背景技术
运动护具，例如护膝、护肘等是人们常用的防受伤、保健康复用护具。这类产品需要有较高的力学强度，不易变形，同时兼顾其他功效。添加纳米尺寸的银离子的防臭纺织品在对穿着者和使用者保护的同时，还可以预防传染病、防止织物产生恶臭、对穿着者的皮肤表面进行保护。这类材料通常采用喷涂、浸渍的方式，使金属离子附着与织物表面，长时间洗涤后会产生脱落现象，降低织物抗菌性能，耐洗程度差。同时，为提高其结合性，通常采用亲水性的棉性织物，其力学性能较低，长期使用也容易变形。
锦纶纤维耐磨性是纺织纤维中最好的，断裂强度较高；回弹性和耐疲劳性优良，同时，其密度较小，是除乙纶和丙纶外的最轻的纤维。锦纶纤维可以说是作为运动产品最理想的材料。但是，锦纶纤维吸湿性不高，透气性也不好，若在运动过程中使用，皮肤产生的汗液无法及时排除，影响穿着者的舒适性。
发明内容
针对以上问题，本发明提供一种纳米银纤维材料的制备方法，该方法通过复合材料、编织规格的选择，能够在保证抗菌性能的前提下，能够提高锦纶纤维织物的舒适性，为拓展锦纶复合纤维材料在服用领域的应用提供了参考。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种纳米银纤维材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)采用含银锦纶纳米纤维与聚丙烯酸钠纤维混纺，制备混纺纱线；
(2)利用步骤(1)得到的混纺纱线作为经纱与聚丙烯酸钠纤维作为纬纱进行纺织，织物组织为平纹，织物经密168根/10cm，纬密81根/10cm。
优选地，含银锦纶纳米纤维与聚丙烯酸钠纤维的混纺比例为(30-70)：(70-30)。
优选地，含银锦纶纳米纤维与聚丙烯酸钠纤维的混纺比例为50：50。
优选地，混纺纱线的细度为80tex。
优选地，含银锦纶纳米纤维通过将锦纶纤维浸渍在银离子络合物溶液后，通过臭氧进行氧化处理得到。
优选地，锦纶纤维的断裂强度为68cN·tex-1，断裂强度为530.2cN。
本发明还公开了采用上述方法制备得到的纳米银纤维材料织物。
优选地，纳米银纤维材料织物的相对透湿率为50-88.2％，透气率为680-800L·m-2·s-1。
采用本发明制备工艺制备得到的纳米银材料织物在确保抗菌性能的同时，提高了织物的透气率和透湿率，大幅提高了与皮肤接触的舒适度。
具体实施方式
下面将结合具体实施例，对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例
下述实施例织物经密168根/10cm，纬密81根/10cm，表中织物组织均为平纹。混纺纱线的细度为80tex。含银锦纶纳米纤维采用臭氧氧化法制备而成。
表1机织物规格
实施例 含银锦纶纳米纤维/聚丙烯酸钠纤维混纺比
1 70/30
2 50/50
3 30/70
试验例
1.抗菌性测试
依据GB/T 20944.3—2008《纺织品抗菌性能的评价第3部分：振荡法》对3块待测织物进行测试，测试过程为：将待测试样与对照样分别装入盛有一定浓度的试验菌液的三角烧瓶中.再放入转速为150r/min的振荡培养箱中，在24℃±1℃的温度下振荡培养l8h，测试三角烧瓶内菌液在振荡培养前及振荡培养一定时间后的活菌浓度，计算抑菌率，用来评价织物的抗菌效果。
所采用的菌种和试剂：大肠埃希氏菌菌株(ATCC25922)、金黄色葡萄球菌(ATCC6538)、蛋白胨(北京奥博星生物技术有限责任公司)、牛肉膏(国药集团化学试剂有限公司)、磷酸氢二钠(国药集团化学试剂有限公司)、磷酸氢二钾(国药集团化学试剂有限公司)。
实施例1-3的抑菌率测试结果见表2。
表2抑菌率测试结果
Figure BDA0002867173160000041
从表2可以看出，含银复合纤维织物具有优良的抗菌性，这是因为聚酰亚胺银复合纤维中含有大量的银离子，银离子抗菌剂具有广谱抗菌性能。几乎可以抑制和杀灭所有微生物。且杀菌效果与含银锦纶纳米纤维在织物比例中的升高而提升。
2.透气性测试
依据GB/T 5453-1997(纺织品织物透气性的测定》对3块织物进行透气性测试，测试过程为：在待测织物的不同位置各剪取5块直径为13cm的试样，采用数字式织物透气量仪进行测试。测试过程中选用合适的喷嘴口径，使试样两边的压差稳定在100Pa，测出在单位时间内通过织物的流量体积即透气量，测试5次并取其平均值。检测结果参见表3。
表3织物透气量测试结果
实施例 透气率/L·m<sup>-2</sup>·s<sup>-1</sup>
1 683
2 787
3 800
从表3中可以看出，含银锦纶纳米纤维混入聚丙烯酸钠纤维后，由于纤维的不同直径，导致纤维之间的孔隙增大，织物的透气性明显提高。
3.透湿性测试
采用蒸发法测试待测织物透湿性能。测试过程为：在标准大气条件下，准备若干个透湿杯；首先杯内注入80℃的温水175mL，将一定尺寸的待测试样覆盖在透湿杯上，并用橡皮筋扎紧；每间隔50min用电子天平称量并记录数据，按顺序称量7次，并分别记作A1～A7；另外准备注入同量等温水的透湿杯，不覆盖试样.同样每间隔50min用电子天平称量并记录数据，按顺序称量7次，并分别记作B1～B7。采用公式(1)可计算出相对透湿率s(％)，式中i＝1，2，…，7。
Si＝[(Ai-Ai+1)/(Bi–Bi+1)]×100％ (1)
表4相对透湿率检测结果
Figure BDA0002867173160000051
Figure BDA0002867173160000061
由表4可知，随着时间的增加，织物的相对透湿率逐渐减小。这是因为在测试初始阶段,织物中纤维间和纱线间保持通畅，织物两侧的水汽可以自由通过。随着纤维的吸湿放热，纤维的温度渐渐升高，加快了纤维内水分的蒸发速度，所以在测试的初始阶段透湿率可以达到最大值：随着时间的增加，纤维的吸湿能力逐步趋向饱和，吸湿后纤维的膨胀使纤维间和纱线间的空隙变小，且它们之间的部分空隙被水汽填塞，阻碍了水汽的顺利通行，导致织物的透湿率逐渐下降。从表4中还可以看出，随着聚丙烯酸钠纤维的加入，其吸水性能大幅度提高。

Claims (8)

1.一种纳米银纤维材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
(1)采用含银锦纶纳米纤维与聚丙烯酸钠纤维混纺，制备混纺纱线。
(2)利用步骤(1)得到的混纺纱线作为经纱与聚丙烯酸钠纤维作为纬纱进行纺织，织物组织为平纹，织物经密168根/10cm，纬密81根/10cm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，含银锦纶纳米纤维与聚丙烯酸钠纤维的混纺比例为(30-70)：(70-30)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，含银锦纶纳米纤维与聚丙烯酸钠纤维的混纺比例为50：50。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，混纺纱线的细度为80tex。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，含银锦纶纳米纤维通过将锦纶纤维浸渍在银离子络合物溶液后，通过臭氧进行氧化处理得到。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，锦纶纤维的断裂强度为68cN·tex-1，断裂强度为530.2cN。
7.采用上述权利要求1-6所述的方法制备得到的纳米银纤维材料织物。
8.根据权利要求1所述的织物，其特征在于，纳米银纤维材料织物的相对透湿率为50-88.2％，透气率为680-800L·m-2·s-1。
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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105970604A (zh) * 2016-05-23 2016-09-28 腾科宝迪（厦门）生物科技有限公司 一种安全抗菌袜
CN106192379A (zh) * 2016-07-15 2016-12-07 杭州健盛袜业有限公司 臭氧氧化法制备多价态银系抗菌纤维的方法及其抗菌纤维
WO2018176710A1 (zh) * 2017-03-29 2018-10-04 江苏金秋弹性织物有限公司 一种抗菌透气绳编带及其编织方法
CN109023583A (zh) * 2018-06-26 2018-12-18 东阳市特意新材料科技有限公司 一种聚丙烯酸钠吸水纤维的制备方法

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105970604A (zh) * 2016-05-23 2016-09-28 腾科宝迪（厦门）生物科技有限公司 一种安全抗菌袜
CN106192379A (zh) * 2016-07-15 2016-12-07 杭州健盛袜业有限公司 臭氧氧化法制备多价态银系抗菌纤维的方法及其抗菌纤维
WO2018176710A1 (zh) * 2017-03-29 2018-10-04 江苏金秋弹性织物有限公司 一种抗菌透气绳编带及其编织方法
CN109023583A (zh) * 2018-06-26 2018-12-18 东阳市特意新材料科技有限公司 一种聚丙烯酸钠吸水纤维的制备方法

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