CN1127323C - 带有弧形部的螺纹锥形体内脊骨融接植入物 - Google Patents

带有弧形部的螺纹锥形体内脊骨融接植入物 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1127323C
CN1127323C CN96195586A CN96195586A CN1127323C CN 1127323 C CN1127323 C CN 1127323C CN 96195586 A CN96195586 A CN 96195586A CN 96195586 A CN96195586 A CN 96195586A CN 1127323 C CN1127323 C CN 1127323C
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Prior art keywords
implant
spinal fusion
fusion implant
screw thread
spinal
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN96195586A
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CN1190882A (zh
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加里·K·米切尔森
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Warsaw Orthopedic Inc
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加里·K·米切尔森
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    • A61F2310/00976—Coating or prosthesis-covering structure made of proteins or of polypeptides, e.g. of bone morphogenic proteins BMP or of transforming growth factors TGF

Abstract

本发明针对具有至少部分截状圆锥头构型的种种体内脊骨融接植入物(20)。外螺纹(28)用来提高植入物的稳定性、加大植入物的表面积并用来将植入物推进到融接位置。本发明的脊骨融接植入物(20)可以是较为实心或空心的，并可以具有糙化的表面来促进脊骨的向内生长和稳定。此种植入物(20)可以有从其表面通到其材料内的插孔，用于装载熔融促进物质和为脊骨向内生长提供定位区域。

Description

带有弧形部的螺纹锥形体内脊骨融接植入物
本申请是共同未决美国专利申请系列NO.396414(1995，2，27提交)的部分继续申请，它是美国专利申请系列No.08/074781(1993，6，10提交)的部分继续申请，后者是美国专利申请系列No.07/698674(1991，5，10提交)的部分继续申请，而此后者则是美国专利申请系列No.07/205 935(1988，6，13提交)即现在的美国专利No.5015247的分项申请，它们的内容已全综合于此作为参考。
本申请正是1995，2，17提出的，题为人体内脊骨融接植入物的美国专利申请系列No.08/390 131的部分继续申请。
技术领域
本发明一般涉及体内脊骨融接植入物，具体涉及到其构形能在结构上脊柱前凸中恢复和保持两相邻脊骨的脊骨融接植入物。
背景技术
体内脊骨融接是指通过椎间盘空间，即相邻脊骨间通常为椎间盘占据的空间，来实现骨的桥连方法。能简化这种融接的众多植入物已为Cloward、Brantigan与其他人描述过，并且是本项技术中周知的。一般，柱形植入物的优点是，能适应易制备的覆盖椎间盘空间的接受孔并插入到各个相邻脊骨之间。这种孔可用钻头形成。作为解剖索上的事实是，颈椎与腰椎两者通常都是脊柱前凸立即向前凸出的。这种取向对于脊骨的正常功能是重要的。一般，要求由脊骨融接进行治疗的条件都连带要损失脊柱前凸。
于是，需要有能恢复结构上的脊柱前凸的脊骨融接植入物。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种体内脊骨融接植入物，用于插入人体脊柱的相邻脊骨体之间的椎间盘空间，穿过外科矫正的高度，所述植入物包括：
一具有外表面、插入端、尾端和在所述插入端和尾端之间有一段长度的体部，所述体部沿一足够的部分基本上取截头圆锥形，当植入脊柱时所述体部适于与相邻的脊骨体接触，以保持脊骨体相互之间的角度，所述外表面包括螺纹，用于使所述植入物与脊柱的相邻脊骨体接合，所述螺纹的轨迹基本上是圆柱状的构型。
本发明的脊骨融接植入物提供了显著超过现有技术植入物的优点：
1.由于本发明的脊骨融接植入物至少是部分截头圆锥形的，这些从前边缘到尾边缘斜削的植入物易于引入且易于完全插入待融接的脊骨段内。在另一实施例中，植入物的尾端大于其前端，这时的植入物利用一锥形向前部分和从此前端到尾端相对于体部渐增的螺纹高度，而便于插入。
2.本发明的植入物的形状同至少要由此植入物作部分更换的、前面通常高于背面而允许作正常脊柱前凸的椎间盘形状一致。本发明的植入物类似地是前面高于后面。
3.本发明的脊骨融接植入物取这样的几何构形，它能够在接受这种植入物的融接现场立即制造出。
本发明的脊骨融接植入物可以由适用于人体植入并具有足以用于脊椎融接目的的机械强度的任何材料制成，包括各种金属如钴、铬、不锈钢或钛及其合金；各种塑料，包括生物可吸收的塑料；以及各种陶瓷；或是能充分达到上述目的的前述各类材料的组合。此外，本发明的脊骨融接植入物制造时可以采用实心材料、网状材料、多孔材料和/或可以部分或全部地包括这样的材料，它们可以直接参与脊骨融接过程，或能添加、包括、或是由其处理或涂层的化学物质如骨质物、形态发育蛋白质、取任何形式的羟磷灰石、以及成骨蛋白质，以用来激活脊骨融接过程使它们成为生物活性的。本发明的植入物可以是全部地或部分地可为生物吸收的。
本发明的第一个目的在于提供具有锥形前端易于插入脊骨的脊骨融接植入物。
本发明的第二个目的在于提供高度上从一端到另一端呈与正常椎间盘锥度一致锥度的脊骨融接植入物。
本发明的第三个目的在于提供一种脊骨融接植入物，它能在脊骨融接过程中保持两相邻脊骨的取向和脊柱前凸。
本发明的第四个目的在于提供本身在脊骨内稳定的脊骨融接植入物。
本发明的第五个目的在于提供插入时能使相邻脊骨间具有稳定性的脊骨融接植入物。
本发明的第六个目的在于提供能在参与融接过程时含有融接促进物质或由其组成或为其处理的脊骨融接植入物。
本发明的第七个目的在于提供能在脊骨融接过程中分开和支承相邻脊骨的脊骨融接植入物。
本发明的第八个目的在于提供使用中能始终保持软骨下脊骨有一致厚度的脊骨融接植入物。
本发明的第九个目的在于提供一种脊骨融接植入物。它所具有的外形能依随在融接现场易于形成的相辅孔。
本发明的第十个目的在于提供一种截头圆锥形脊骨融接植入物，它可以与横切同一椎间盘空间的第二个一致的植入物并排邻接，使得这两个植入物的组合宽度小于各植入物的高度之和。
本发明的第十一个目的在于提供一种截头圆锥形脊骨融接植入物，它可以横切同一锥间盘空间的第二个一致的植入物并排邻接，使得这两个植入物的组合宽度小于各个植入物长度之和。
本发明的上述的和其它目的可以通过浏览附图和对附图的详细说明中获得理解。
附图说明
图1是本发明的脊骨融接植入物的侧视图，此植入物具有截头圆锥形的体部，体部则有半径基本一致的外螺纹。
图1A是沿图1中曲线1A的放大的局部图，示明图1中植入物的表面构型。
图1B是沿图1中曲线1A的放大的局部图，示明本发明的由多孔材料制的植入物表面构型的另一实施例。
图1C是沿图1B中线1C-1C的横剖图，示明本发明的由多孔材料制的植入物表面构型的另一实施例。
图1D是沿图1中曲线1A的放大的局部图，示明本发明的由纤维网状材料制的植入物表面构型的又一实施例。
图1E是沿图1中曲线1A的放大的剖面图，示明本发明的包括一批相分开柱件的植入物表面构型的再一实施例。
图1F是沿图1E中线1F-1F的放大的局部剖面图，示明图1E中的植入物的表面构型。
图2是本发明的脊骨融接植入物的另一实施例，此植入物具有截头圆锥形体部，体部所具有的外螺纹半径与螺纹高度不是恒定的。
图3是图2中植入物沿线3-3的横剖图。
图4本发明的脊骨融接植入物另一实施例的侧视图。
图5是脊柱前凸部分中一段经部分切除的侧视图，示明图4中的脊骨融接植入物从体后接近脊柱，用一驱动工具进行植入手术的情形。
图6是具有截头圆锥形体部和平截边部的本发明的脊骨融接植入物又一实施例的侧视图。
图7是沿图6中脊骨融接植入物的线7-7的端视图，其中以虚线示明旁侧放置的与第二个一致的植入物。
图8是具有不规则构型体部的本发明的脊骨融接植入物又另一实施例的侧视图。
具体实施方式
参看图1，其中以侧视图示明了本发明的统一以20标明的脊骨融接植入物。植入物20有截头圆锥形的体部22，后者的直径(根径)一般也呈截头圆锥形的变化。体部22有插入端24和尾端26。插入端24可有一锥部25以利脊骨植入部20的插入。在此最佳实施例中，当植入物20从前方插入时，植入物20的体部22在最靠近尾端26处的点具有最大直径而在最接近插入端24的点具有最小直径。
植入物20具有外螺纹28，后者从植入物20中央纵轴线L1量起半径R1基本一致。外螺纹(大直径)的外轨迹的整个构型大致与纵轴线L1平行。虽然植入物20的大直径基本一致，但外螺纹28可在其前缘修改成在开始处使螺纹半径减小以利植入物20的插入，同时也可修改成使外螺纹28为自攻螺丝的。在此最佳实施例中，外螺纹28具有的第一螺纹30其半径比它的其余部分的半径R1为小。外螺纹的第二半径32则具有较第一螺纹30的半径为大的半径，但却仍然小于外螺纹28其余部分的而后为常数的半径R1。
体部22沿着自身与相邻脊骨接触的部分基本上呈截头圆锥形，这样可使相邻脊骨相互形成和保持住适当的角度关系，以维持和恢复脊柱在结构上的正常的脊柱前凸。植入物20的外螺纹28的基本一致的半径R1允许将相邻脊骨结合到这样一个位置上，此位置能使势必促致植入物20从相邻脊骨间按反于植入物植入方向离开的各力抵消。在接近植入物20前端24的体部22处量起的较大的螺纹高度能给脊骨内提供较大的固着力，同时能进一步提高植入物20的稳定性。此外，外螺纹28的这种构型能增加植入物20与脊骨接触的表面积而促进骨的向内生长。
植入物20在其尾端具有用来接受和结合供插入植入物之需的插入工具的凹槽34。凹槽34有螺纹孔36用来将植入物20螺合到上述插入植入物20的工具之上。
参看图1A，植入物20有一多孔的外表面38给脊骨提供促进其向内生长的不规则表面。外表面38还能保持融接促进物质并在融接过程加大与脊骨结合的表面区而进一步增大稳定性。外表面38上的孔隙是显微级的，直径小于1mm，在50～1000μ，而以250～500μ最佳。外表面38和/或整个植入物20可以包括任何其它多孔材料或糙化表面，只要它们在融接过程足以保持融接促进物质和/或允许骨向内生长和/或与骨结合。植入物20还可由生物活性融接促进物质，包括但不限于羟磷灰石化合物、或骨蛋白质和骨的形态发育蛋白，作涂层处理。图中所示植入物20是实心的，但应知它也可制成为基本空心或部分空心。
参看图1B，它以沿图1中曲线1A的放大局部图示明了由多孔材料制的本发明的植入物表面构型38的另一实施例。多孔材料50与人体的松质骨有类似的结构，具有间隙52能使外表面38具备图1B与1C的构型。由于本发明的植入物可以完全或部分地由多孔材料50制成，间隙52可以存在于外表面38和/或整个植入物之内，以促进脊骨向内生长和保持骨融接促进物质。
参看图1D，其中以沿图1中曲线1A的放大局部图示明了由纤维质网状材料制的本发明的植入物表面结构的又一实施例。网状材料60包括压制成形到一起的绞合索62，使得能保持融接促进物质和允许脊骨向内生长的间隙64，存在于本发明的植入物至少是外表面38的绞合索之间。
参看图1E与1F，其中以沿图1中曲线1A的局部图示明了包括一批相分开柱件70的本发明的植入物表面构型38的又另一实施例。柱件70具有直径较其其余部分大的头部72，而各间隙74取与柱件72相反的构型，即取底部76比入口宽的构型。柱件70与间隙74的这种构型有助于将骨料保持于植入物的表面38中，并有助于将植入物锁定于由于骨向内生长而产生的骨融接物质中。由于在间隙底部76处向内生长的骨大于入口处的，向内生长的骨便不会从入口出去而锁定于间隙74内。植入物的这样的表面能改进表面面积的有效利用率，而通过粗糙化处理、等化或其它方式生产不平滑的表面还能进一步提高这种效率。
在此最佳实施例中，柱件的最大直径约0.1～2mm，高约0.1～2mm，相分开的间距约0.1～2mm而使间隙74所具的宽度为0.1～2mm。柱件的尺寸、外形与分布在同一植入物内是可变化的。
在此最佳实施例中，当用于腰椎时，植入物的全长约24～32mm，而最佳长度为26mm。植入物20在成对使用时，它的体部22在插入端的根径为8～20mm而最佳为14～16mm，在尾端26的根径为10～24mm而最佳为16～18mm。当单个地用于腰锥时，上述最佳直径应较大些。
在此最佳实施例中，植入物20的螺纹半径R1为6～12mm，最佳为9～10mm。用作颈椎时，植入物20的全长约10～22mm，最佳为10～22mm。植入物20的体部22在插入端的根径为8～22mm，单独使用时最佳为16～18mm，成对使用时为8～10mm。植入物20的体部22在尾端26的根径为10～24mm，单独使用时最佳为18～20mm，成对使用时为10～12mm；螺纹半径R1约为4～12mm，当单独插入时最佳为9～10mm，而当成对并列插入时为5～7mm。
参看图2，其中示明了统一以标号120标明的植入物20的另一实施例。植入物120的体部122类似于植入物20的体部22，并具有从植入物120中央纵轴线量起的半径R3的外螺纹128。螺纹半径R3在植入物120的全长上不是恒定的，外螺纹128的螺纹高度相对于植入物120的体部122也非固定的。在此最佳实施例中，植入物120的外螺纹128所具有的半径R3其尺寸从植入物120的插入端124到尾端126递增。
参看图3，其中示明了沿植入物120的线3-3的横剖图。植入物120具有环绕内腔146的外壁144。有可以通过外壁144和内室146通连的大孔140和小孔142。内腔146可充填以骨料或是任何天然或合成的骨生长材料或融接促进物质，以使从脊骨通过孔140与142到内腔146中的物料发生骨的生长，虽然图中所示的孔140与142为圆形，但应知它们可取任意形状、尺寸构型或分布，只要适用于脊骨融接植入物即可而不脱离本发明的范围。
孔140与142的尺寸是宏观级的，超过1mm。大孔140的直径为2～6mm，最佳为3.5mm；小孔142的直径为1～2mm，最佳为1.5mm。
植入物120具有带螺纹150的帽148，螺合到此植入物的插入端124上。帽148可以卸下而给内腔146提供一通道，使得内腔146能充填以和保持有任何天然或合成的骨传导的、骨感生的、成骨的或其它的融接促进物质。这些物质的某些例子是从患者身上取下的骨，或是骨生长感生物质如(但不限于)羟磷灰石、羟磷灰石磷酸三钙、或是骨的形态发育蛋白质。帽148和/或植入物120可以由任何适用于人体插入的材料制成，包括金属如钴、铬、不锈钢，塑料，陶瓷，复合材料以及/或者可充填和/或涂层以骨生长感生物质如(但不限于)羟磷灰石或羟磷灰石磷酸三钙或是任何其它骨传导的、骨感生的、成骨的或是其它融接促进物质。帽148和植入物120可以部分是或全部是生物可吸收的。
参看图4，其中示明了统一以标号520表明的本发明的脊骨融接植入物另一实施例的侧视图。植入物520的体部522所具有的根径呈截头圆锥形分布而与图1所示植入物20的反向，用以在从脊柱后方插入时于一段脊柱中保持和/或恢复脊柱前凸。体部522有插入端524和尾端526。在此最佳实施例中，体部522在最靠近尾端526处有最小的直径而在最靠近插入端524处有最大直径。插入端524可有一个前部的鼻头锥部530提供锥形端以便插入。
植入物520的外螺纹528具有从植入物520中央纵轴线量起的基本一致的直径R6，使得外螺纹528的外径(大直径)的总体构型基本上与纵轴线L6平行。应知螺纹528的大直径可以相对于纵轴线L6变化，使其从插入端524至尾端526递增或递减。外螺纹528从体部522量起的螺纹高度从插入端524至尾端526递增。
参看图5，其中示明了脊柱S的一段，脊骨V1与V2为脊柱前凸的，植入物520用工具驱动器D从脊柱S后方插入。植入物520先以其大直径插入端524插入，便于一开始使脊骨V1与V2岔开而后于植入物520完全插入时于后方相互对弯。应知植入物520的插入并不要求在其插入之前使相邻脊骨V1与V2按脊柱前凸方式放置，这是因为植入物520本身的完全插入便能使两脊骨V1与V2形成所需的脊柱前凸的角度关系。
在此最佳实施例中，用于腰椎时，植入物520的全长约24～30mm，最佳长度为26mm。植入物520的体部522的根径在插入端524为12～22mm，最佳为16mm；在尾端526为10～20mm，最佳为14mm。在这一最佳实施例中，植入物520的螺纹半径R6为6～12mm，最佳为8mm。
参看图6，其中示明了统一以标号620表明的本发明的脊柱融接植入物的另一实施例以及以局部图表明的统一以标号621标出的与第二个一致的植入物。植入物620的体部622为部分截头圆锥形的，与图1中所示植入物20类似，且有插入端624和尾端626。体部622有平截的边部670与672形成与纵轴线L7平行的平表面。这样，两个植入物620与621可以并列放置，使各个植入物的侧边670或672之一在其间稍留空隙，而使相邻脊骨能有最大接触面积。应知体部622也可为圆柱形的，并具有平截边部670与672。
植入物620的外螺纹628从中央纵轴线L7量起的半径R7可以是恒定的，使得外螺纹628的外直径或外轨迹呈基本上为圆柱状的总体构型。应知外螺纹628的螺纹半径R7可相对于纵轴线L7变化，以使外螺纹628的大直径成外轨迹呈基本上为截头圆锥状的总体构型。
参看图7，其中示明了置于植入物621旁侧的植入物620的端视图。植入物620所具的螺纹半径基本上是常数，而其所具的从体部622起算的螺纹高度在边部670与672处最大。这样，两个植入物620与621可以相互并置而以各个植入物的外螺纹628呈交趾相连形式，作为外螺纹628在此两植入物边部670或672处基本重叠的结果，而使这两个植入物能紧邻放置。
参看图8，其中示明了统一以标号700标明的本发明的植入物的另一实施例。植入物700在结构上与图1所示的植入物20类似，只是其体部722取不规则的构型。如本实施例所示，体部722的根径D在植入物700的全长上是可变的，包括较大的直径部750和较小的直径部752。应知各大直径部750与各小直径部752都分别可具有相同的或不同的直径。
植入物700的体部722的外表面上可充填熔融促进物质，而使得小直径部752能保持这种融接促进物质。要是经过这样的充填，植入物700与融接促进物质的复合件在有需要时仍能结合体部722形成均匀的外表面。
尽管业已相对最佳实施例详述了本发明，但应知在不背离本发明的创造性概念的前提下是可以设计出本发明的其它变型的。特别应知，可以将这里在各具体实施例中述及的种种原理以不同的方式综合，使得其中各个特点不限于上述各具体实施例谈到的。
上述各实施例中公开的种种特点及它们的等效内容都可以合并成足以实现本发明前述目的的任何组合形式。

Claims (20)

1.一种体内脊骨融接植入物，用于插入人体脊柱的相邻脊骨体之间的椎间盘空间，穿过外科矫正的高度，所述植入物包括：
一具有外表面、插入端、尾端和在所述插入端和尾端之间有一段长度的体部，所述体部沿一足够的部分基本上取截头圆锥形，当植入脊柱时所述体部适于与相邻的脊骨体接触，以保持脊骨体相互之间的角度，所述外表面包括螺纹，用于使所述植入物与脊柱的相邻脊骨体接合，所述螺纹的轨迹基本上是圆柱状的构型。
2.权利要求1所述的脊骨融接植入物，所述植入物是由不同于骨料的人造材料制成。
3.权利要求1所述的脊骨融接植入物，所述植入物是由比骨更结实的材料制成。
4.权利要求1、2和3中之一所述的脊骨融接植入物，其中所述体部具有至少一个截头侧。
5.权利要求1、2和3中之一所述的脊骨融接植入物，其中所述体部具有至少一个通过其内的孔，使骨能够通过此植入物从相邻脊骨体连续地长入相邻脊骨体，以使相邻脊骨融接。
6.权利要求5所述的脊骨融接植入物，其中所述体部具有与所述至少一个孔通连的内腔。
7.权利要求1、2和3中之一所述的脊骨融接植入物，其中所述体部包括多孔材料。
8.权利要求1、2和3中之一所述的脊骨融接植入物，其中所述螺纹具有从此植入物纵向中心轴线量起的螺纹半径，此螺纹半径在所述植入物的至少一部分上是基本一致的。
9.权利要求1、2和3中之一所述的脊骨融接植入物，其中所述植入物所具的构型，可并置地对准第二脊骨融接植入物邻近设置，而所述植入物与所述第二植入物放到一起时具有的结合全宽度小于所述植入物与所述第二植入物各自最大直径的和。
10.权利要求4所述的脊骨融接植入物，其中，所述螺纹在所述至少一个截头侧的至少一部分上是连续的。
11.权利要求1所述的脊骨融接植入物，其中，所述尾端大于所述插入端。
12.权利要求1所述的脊骨融接植入物，其中，所述插入端大于所述尾端。
13.权利要求1、2和3中任一所述的脊骨融接植入物，其中，所述植入物有一中央纵轴线，和沿所述中央纵轴线的长度，所述螺纹有一从所述体部测量的螺纹高度，其可沿所述植入物的长度变化。
14.权利要求1、2和3中任一所述的脊骨融接植入物，其中，所述螺纹有一从所述尾端大于所述插入端的体部测量的高度。
15.如权利要求1、2和3中任一所述的脊骨融接植入物，其中，所述螺纹有一从所述插入端大于所述尾端的体部测量的高度。
16.权利要求1、2和3中任一所述的脊骨融接植入物，其中，所述植入物至少部分是可生物吸收的。
17.权利要求1、2和3中任一所述的脊骨融接植入物，其中，所述植入物包括一网状材料。
18.权利要求1、2和3中任一所述的脊骨融接植入物，其中，所述植入物与融接促进物质结合。
19.权利要求18所述的脊骨融接植入物，其中，所述融接促进物质至少包括骨、骨的形态发育蛋白质、羟磷灰石或羟磷灰石磷酸三钙之一。
20.权利要求1、2和3中任一所述的脊骨融接植入物，其中，所述植入物与用于将所述植入物插入脊柱的一个驱动器相结合。
CN96195586A 1995-06-07 1996-06-06 带有弧形部的螺纹锥形体内脊骨融接植入物 Expired - Fee Related CN1127323C (zh)

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ATE261285T1 (de) 2004-03-15
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CA2223759A1 (en) 1996-12-19
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AU5976796A (en) 1996-12-30
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WO1996040020A1 (en) 1996-12-19
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CN1190882A (zh) 1998-08-19
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US20020138144A1 (en) 2002-09-26
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US7534254B1 (en) 2009-05-19
AU697259B2 (en) 1998-10-01
HK1015256A1 (en) 1999-10-15
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US8679118B2 (en) 2014-03-25
US20090228107A1 (en) 2009-09-10
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KR19990022611A (ko) 1999-03-25
US20120053695A1 (en) 2012-03-01

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