CN112726205B - 抗湿度干扰的超疏水织物基压力传感器及其制备方法 - Google Patents

抗湿度干扰的超疏水织物基压力传感器及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN112726205B
CN112726205B CN202011489921.0A CN202011489921A CN112726205B CN 112726205 B CN112726205 B CN 112726205B CN 202011489921 A CN202011489921 A CN 202011489921A CN 112726205 B CN112726205 B CN 112726205B
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王栋
杨丽燕
马俊
李沐芳
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种抗湿度干扰的超疏水织物基压力传感器及其制备方法。该制备方法首先将织物在碱溶液中浸渍处理,增加织物表面的活性基团;然后在导电材料溶液中浸渍得到导电织物;接着将该导电织物浸渍于超疏水纳米金属氧化物颗粒分散液中,在导电织物表面形成一层超疏水性纳米级金属氧化物层,然后在其表面连接电极得到超疏水织物基压力传感器。本发明通过超疏水性纳米级金属氧化物层,在不降低传感器导电性和传感灵敏性的基础上,能够充分保护织物基压力传感器的导电层免受湿度干扰,从而提高织物基压力传感器在不同使用环境下的传感稳定性。

Description

抗湿度干扰的超疏水织物基压力传感器及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及可穿戴传感器技术领域,尤其涉及一种抗湿度干扰的超疏水织物基压力传感器及其制备方法。
背景技术
近年来,可穿戴传感器在人体健康的实时监测、智能机器人、医学检测等方面取得了巨大进展、显示了广阔的应用前景。其中,压阻式传感器在制作、组装和信号采集等方面具有明显的优势,例如灵敏度高、检测极限值低、耐久性好等。常规的可穿戴压阻式传感器由导电材料、柔性基板和电极组成。其中,基于纺织材料的柔性基材具有良好的透气性、柔韧性、机械性能、可大面积化、可编织性、穿着舒适等优点,且能够承受人体各种动作,如弯曲、拉伸、压扭。因此,成为可穿戴传感器基材的重要候选材料。
用于高效电荷转移的常规导电聚合物,例如聚吡咯、聚(3,4-乙烯二氧基噻吩):聚(苯乙烯磺酸)(PEDOT:PSS)等,通常需要掺杂亲水的盐类掺杂剂。在实际应用中,由于人体皮肤出汗、大气环境的相对湿度变化等测试环境的影响,特别考验传感器对测试环境的抗干扰性。如果传感器缺乏抗湿度干扰性,高灵敏度和高精度都将难以得到保障。此外,现阶段基于无氟疏水性抗干扰材料的织物基压力传感器的研究尚无报道。而基于PDMS基材或是PDMS保护层的压力传感器的透气性均十分低下,不利于穿着舒适性。
有鉴于此,有必要设计一种改进的抗湿度干扰的超疏水织物基压力传感器,以解决上述问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种抗湿度干扰的超疏水织物基压力传感器及其制备方法。通过溶液浸渍法在导电织物表面制备超疏水性纳米级金属氧化物层,该超疏水性纳米级金属氧化物层具有良好的抗湿度和液体干扰的功能,在不降低传感器导电性和传感灵敏性的基础上,充分保护织物基压力传感器的导电层免受湿度干扰。
为实现上述发明目的,本发明提供了一种抗湿度干扰的超疏水织物基压力传感器的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1.将织物基材依次在去离子水、氢氧化钠溶液和去离子水中超声处理预设时间,然后取出自然晾干;
S2.将经步骤S1处理后的织物基材浸渍于导电材料溶液中,超声处理预设时间,然后取出烘干,得到导电棉织物;
S3.将步骤S2得到的所述导电织物浸渍于表面接枝改性的纳米金属氧化物颗粒的分散液中,超声处理0.5~30min,然后取出用去离子水清洗,再置于烘箱中进行烘干处理,得到超疏水导电织物;
S4.将步骤S3得到的所述超疏水导电织物的表面连接电极,得到超疏水织物基压力传感器。
作为本发明的进一步改进,在步骤S1中,所述织物基材为棉织物或涤棉混纺织物。
作为本发明的进一步改进,在步骤S1中,所述氢氧化钠溶液的浓度为1wt%~10wt%,所述织物基材在所述氢氧化钠溶液中的处理时间为1~10min。
作为本发明的进一步改进,在步骤S2中,所述导电材料溶液中导电材料的质量含量为1wt%~10wt%。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述导电材料包括但不限于为PEDOT:PSS、聚吡咯、聚苯胺、聚噻吩、聚乙炔、石墨烯、碳纳米管、炭黑中的一种或多种。
作为本发明的进一步改进,在步骤S3中,所述表面接枝改性的纳米金属氧化物颗粒的分散液的固含量为2.5wt%~10wt%,分散溶剂为甲苯或N,N-二甲基甲酰胺。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述表面接枝改性的纳米金属氧化物颗粒包括但不限于为表面接枝改性的纳米TiO2颗粒、纳米SnO颗粒、纳米ZnO颗粒中的一种或多种。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述表面接枝改性采用的改性物为包含无氟的长烷基链的疏水有机物,所述接枝改性物的含量为所述纳米金属氧化物颗粒的2.5wt%~10wt%。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述包含无氟的长烷基链的疏水有机物包括但不限于为C3~C16的烷烃、烯烃、烷基羧酸、烯烃基羧酸或包含C3~C16烷基链的硅氧烷。
本发明还提供了一种抗湿度干扰的超疏水织物基压力传感器,采用以上所述的制备方法制备得到。
本发明的有益效果是:
1.本发明提供的抗湿度干扰的超疏水织物基压力传感器,将导电织物浸渍于超疏水纳米金属氧化物颗粒分散液中,在导电织物表面形成一层超疏水性纳米级金属氧化物层,然后在其表面连接电极得到超疏水织物基压力传感器。如此操作,通过超疏水性纳米级金属氧化物层,在不降低传感器导电性和传感灵敏性的基础上,能够充分保护织物基压力传感器的导电层免受湿度和液体干扰,从而提高织物基压力传感器在不同使用环境下的传感稳定性。
2.本发明提供的抗湿度干扰的超疏水织物基压力传感器,选用表面含有较多活性基团的棉织物或涤棉织物,经氢氧化钠溶液处理后,织物表面的杂质得到充分去除,有助于提高后续导电材料的吸附量,进而提高传感性能。然后将织物浸渍于导电材料溶液中,导电材料能够有效的吸附于织物纤维的内部及表面,形成导电通路,从而赋予织物良好的导电性。最后再浸渍于表面接枝改性的纳米金属氧化物颗粒的分散液中,首先通过控制分散液的固含量,控制超疏水性纳米金属氧化物层的吸附含量及厚度,使得其超疏水性能及导电性能均较优。其次通过控制接枝改性物的含量,控制超疏水性纳米金属氧化物层的疏水性及导电性,进而控制织物基压力传感器的疏水性和导电性。
3.本发明选用的超疏水性纳米金属氧化物在空气中的稳定性好,而且同时具有一定的导电性和良好的超疏水性能以及自清洁性能,因此对传感器具有突出的抗高湿度和液体干扰的作用,并能确保织物基压力传感器良好的灵敏性。
4.本发明提供的抗湿度干扰的超疏水织物基压力传感器的制备方法,工艺简单,可实施性强,适合应用于织物基压力传感领域,而且适合于大面积制备,具有产业化的优势。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1制备的超疏水织物基压力传感器表面疏水测试的数码照片(左图滴加的为添加有甲基蓝的去离子水,右图滴加的为乌龙茶)。
图2中a为对比例3制备的织物基压力传感器自清洁前后的对照图,b为实施例1制备的抗湿度干扰的超疏水织物基压力传感器自清洁前后的对照图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细描述。
在此,还需要说明的是,为了避免因不必要的细节而模糊了本发明,在具体实施例中仅仅示出了与本发明的方案密切相关的结构和/或处理步骤,而省略了与本发明关系不大的其他细节。
另外,还需要说明的是,术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含,从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素,而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素,或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。
本发明提供的抗湿度干扰的超疏水织物基压力传感器的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1.将织物基材依次在去离子水、氢氧化钠溶液和去离子水中超声处理预设时间,然后取出自然晾干。
在步骤S1中,所述织物基材优选为棉织物或涤棉混纺织物。因为棉织物或涤棉混纺织物中的棉织物成分含有较多羟基等活性基团,有助于后续导电材料的吸附,并且能提高吸附牢度。
在步骤S1中,所述氢氧化钠溶液的浓度为1wt%~10wt%,所述织物基材在所述氢氧化钠溶液中的处理时间为1~10min。经氢氧化钠溶液处理后,织物表面的杂质得到充分去除,有助于提高后续导电材料的吸附量,进而提高传感性能。
S2.将经步骤S1处理后的织物基材浸渍于导电材料溶液中,超声处理预设时间,然后取出烘干,得到导电棉织物。
在步骤S2中,所述导电材料溶液中导电材料的质量含量为1wt%~10wt%。
所述导电材料包括但不限于为PEDOT:PSS、聚吡咯、聚苯胺、聚噻吩、聚乙炔、石墨烯、碳纳米管、炭黑中的一种或多种。导电材料优选为PEDOT:PSS。将经氢氧化钠溶液处理的棉织物或涤棉织物浸渍于PEDOT:PSS溶液中,PEDOT:PSS能够有效的吸附于织物纤维的内部及表面,形成导电通路,从而赋予织物良好的导电性。织物在受到压力时,上下表面的厚度发生变化,导致电阻发生变化,通过检测电阻变化,即能检测出压力值大小。
S3.将步骤S2得到的所述导电织物浸渍于表面接枝改性的纳米金属氧化物颗粒的分散液中,超声处理0.5~30min,然后取出用去离子水清洗,再置于烘箱中进行烘干处理,得到超疏水导电织物。
在步骤S3中,所述表面接枝改性的纳米金属氧化物颗粒的分散液的固含量为2.5wt%~10wt%,分散溶剂为甲苯或N,N-二甲基甲酰胺。分散液的含量不宜过高,否则可能会因为吸附过多表面接枝改性的纳米金属氧化物颗粒,而降低压力传感的灵敏性。
所述表面接枝改性的纳米金属氧化物颗粒包括但不限于为表面接枝改性的纳米TiO2颗粒、纳米SnO颗粒、纳米ZnO颗粒中的一种或多种。此种纳米金属氧化物颗粒具有一定的导电性,浸渍吸附于织物表面后,基本不影响织物的导电性能。经表面接枝改性后,纳米金属氧化物颗粒的疏水性提高,在织物表面构造一层具有微纳结构的金属氧化物层,而且表面张力小,因此具有良好的超疏水性能。
所述表面接枝改性采用的改性物为包含无氟的长烷基链的疏水有机物,所述接枝改性物的含量为所述纳米金属氧化物颗粒的2.5wt%~10wt%。由于疏水性接枝改性物一般为非导电的物质,接枝改性物的含量过高时,会降低纳米金属氧化物颗粒的导电性,进而影响织物压力传感器的传感导电性能。接枝改性物的含量过低时,又会降低织物表面的疏水性能,因此,接枝改性物含量在本发明限定的范围内,织物基压力传感器具有良好的疏水性及压力传感性能。
所述包含无氟的长烷基链的疏水有机物包括但不限于为C3~C16的烷烃、烯烃、烷基羧酸、烯烃基羧酸或包含C3~C16烷基链的硅氧烷。
S4.将步骤S3得到的所述超疏水导电织物的表面连接电极,得到超疏水织物基压力传感器。
本发明还提供了一种抗湿度干扰的超疏水织物基压力传感器,采用以上所述的制备方法制备得到。
实施例1
一种抗湿度干扰的超疏水织物基压力传感器,通过以下步骤制备:
S1.将棉基布依次在去离子水、5wt%的氢氧化钠溶液、去离子水中超声清洗5min,然后取出自然晾干;
S2.将上述棉基布置于5wt%的PEDOT:PSS水溶液中超声处理5min,然后取出在60℃烘箱中处理15min,得到PEDOT:PSS导电织物;
S3.配置5wt%的表面接枝长烷基链的超疏水性TiO2分散液,将上述PEDOT:PSS导电织物置于此超疏水性TiO2分散液中超声处理1.5min,然后将得到的超疏水性导电织物用去离子水清洗,再置于60℃烘箱中处理15min,得到超疏水导电织物;
其中,表面接枝长烷基链的超疏水性TiO2中接枝的长烷基链的含量为纳米TiO2颗粒的5wt%;亲水性TiO2、ZnO或SnO分散液与含有C16烷基链的硅氧烷的酯在100℃下反应,获得的产物经分离提纯即可。
S4.将上述超疏水导电织物的表面连接电极,获得超疏水性织物基压力传感器。
请参阅图1所示,可以看出,本实施例制备的超疏水性织物基压力传感器具有良好的超疏水性能。因此,当在高湿度环境下使用时,表面超疏水性层能够有效阻挡水分子向织物基压力传感器内部的侵入,从而提高其抗湿度干扰性能。
将本实施例制备得到的超疏水织物基压力传感器进行压力传感性能测试,测试条件为大气环境。经测试,本实施例制备得到的超疏水性织物基压力传感器在20mm/min的速度、15kPa的压强下,得到的压强随电流变化率的灵敏性为0.95kPa-1。在95%的环境湿度下,织物基压力传感器的原始阻值基本稳定,5min内阻值保持在300±5kΩ。将织物基压力传感器贴于出汗的手臂,其原始阻值基本保持稳定,5min内原始阻值保持在300±10kΩ。因此,本实施例制备的超疏水性织物基压力传感器具有良好的抗湿度干扰性和压力传感稳定性。由此说明,本发明通过浸渍吸附法在织物基压力传感器表面形成一层超疏水性纳米级金属氧化物层,该超疏水性纳米级金属氧化物层不仅具有良好的超疏水性能,而且由于选用的超疏水性纳米级金属氧化物颗粒具有一定的导电性,因此不会降低传感器的导电性和传感灵敏性。
实施例2-7及对比例1-2
实施例2-7及对比例1-2提供的抗湿度干扰的超疏水织物基压力传感器,与实施例1相比,不同之处在于,在步骤S3中,纳米金属氧化物颗粒种类、接枝改性物的含量及分散液固含量如表1所示,其他与实施例1导致相同,在此不再赘述。
表1实施例2-7及对比例1-2的制备条件及性能测试结果
Figure BDA0002837112240000081
从表1可以看出,纳米金属氧化物的接枝可实现材料的超疏水性(接触角150°以上);随着纳米金属氧化物的接枝改性量和分散液固含量的增加,纳米金属氧化物的接触角略微增大,阻值略微增大,在高湿度和出汗环境下,阻值基本保持稳定,使得传感器具备优异的抗高湿度和汗液干扰的功能。无接枝改性的纳米金属氧化物颗粒具有亲水性,在高湿度和汗液环境下,阻值变化十分显著,严重影响传感准确性和稳定性。
从实施例1、4-5及对比例1-2可以看出,随着接枝改性物含量的增加,传感器的灵敏性先升高后降低,抗高湿度干扰性也先升高后降低。因此在本发明的抗湿度干扰处理方法上,对纳米金属氧化物进行适量的接枝改性,对提高压力传感器的抗高湿度干扰及压力敏感性至关重要。未接枝改性时,疏水性较差,因此抗高湿度干扰较差;接枝改性含量过高时,虽然纳米金属氧化物的分散性提高,疏水性也提高,但过多的改性物接枝包覆于纳米金属氧化物表面,会降低纳米金属氧化物的导电性,进而降低织物压力传感器的导电性,使得传感器灵敏性降低。因此,本发明通过对接枝改性物含量的控制,能够制得抗高湿度干扰和导电性均较好的压力传感器。
对比例3
一种织物基压力传感器,与实施例1相比,不同之处在于,不包含步骤S3。其他与实施例1大致相同,在此不再赘述。
将对比例1制备得到的织物基压力传感器进行压力传感性能测试,测试条件为大气环境。经测试,织物基压力传感器在20mm/min的速度、15kPa的压强下,得到的压强随电流变化率的灵敏性为0.88kPa-1。在95%的环境湿度下,织物基压力传感器的原始阻值随时间逐渐增大,5min内从320kΩ增大至400kΩ。将织物基压力传感器贴于出汗的手臂,其原始阻值随时间逐渐增大,5min内阻值从320kΩ增大至480kΩ。与实施例1的测试结果相比,未经超疏水TiO2分散液处理的织物基压力传感器在湿度环境下,电阻波动较大,即未施加压力刺激时,传感器也会因湿度变化而发生信号变化,严重影响了压力检测的准确性和稳定性。而且经超疏水TiO2分散液处理的织物基压力传感器的灵敏性一定程度上高于未经处理的,说明本发明的处理方法既能实现抗湿度干扰,也基本不影响织物的导电性。实施例1中织物基压力传感器经过超疏水TiO2分散液处理后灵敏性为0.95kPa-1,高于对比例1。虽然超疏水TiO2的导电性低于未经超疏水处理的织物基压力传感器本身的导电性,但本发明实验结果表明经超疏水TiO2处理后灵敏性不仅未降低反而有所提高。结合对比例1-2的数据分析认为当在纳米金属氧化物表面接枝适量疏水改性物时,纳米金属氧化物未完全被包覆,仍保留一定的导电性,同时纳米金属氧化物的分散性显著提高,高分散性的超疏水TiO2均匀的吸附于织物表面,不仅形成了超疏水表面,赋予织物抗高湿度干扰特性,还提高了其导电性。
请参阅图2所示,可以看出,实施例1制备的抗高湿度干扰的超疏水织物基压力传感器沾污后,在其表面滴加去离子水(甲基蓝),就将污渍洗刷掉,说明本发明制备的压力传感器还具有自清洁功能。而对比例1制备的织物基压力传感器沾污后,在其表面滴加去离子水(甲基蓝),不仅未将污渍洗刷掉,还发生吸水浸润,可见疏水性和自清洁性较差。
综上所述,本发明提供的抗湿度干扰的超疏水织物基压力传感器的制备方法,选用表面含有较多活性基团的棉织物或涤棉织物,经氢氧化钠溶液处理后,织物表面的杂质得到充分去除,有助于提高导电材料的吸附量,进而提高传感性能。然后将织物浸渍于导电材料溶液中,导电材料能够有效的吸附于织物纤维的内部及表面,形成导电通路,从而赋予织物良好的导电性。最后再浸渍于表面接枝改性的纳米金属氧化物颗粒的分散液中,首先通过控制分散液的固含量,控制超疏水性纳米金属氧化物层的吸附含量及厚度,使得其超疏水性能及导电性能均较优。其次通过控制接枝改性物的含量,控制超疏水性纳米金属氧化物层的疏水性及导电性,进而控制织物基压力传感器的疏水性和导电性。
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (8)

1.一种抗湿度干扰的超疏水织物基压力传感器的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1.将织物基材依次在去离子水、氢氧化钠溶液和去离子水中超声处理预设时间,然后取出自然晾干;
S2.将经步骤S1处理后的织物基材浸渍于导电材料溶液中,超声处理预设时间,然后取出烘干,得到导电织物;
S3.将步骤S2得到的所述导电织物浸渍于表面接枝改性的纳米金属氧化物颗粒的分散液中,超声处理0.5~30min,然后取出用去离子水清洗,再置于烘箱中进行烘干处理,得到超疏水导电织物;所述表面接枝改性的纳米金属氧化物颗粒包括表面接枝改性的纳米TiO2颗粒、纳米SnO颗粒、纳米ZnO颗粒中的一种或多种,所述表面接枝改性采用的接枝改性物为包含无氟的长烷基链的疏水有机物,所述接枝改性物的含量为所述纳米金属氧化物颗粒的2.5wt%~10wt%;
S4.将步骤S3得到的所述超疏水导电织物的表面连接电极,得到超疏水织物基压力传感器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的抗湿度干扰的超疏水织物基压力传感器的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤S1中,所述织物基材为棉织物或涤棉混纺织物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的抗湿度干扰的超疏水织物基压力传感器的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤S1中,所述氢氧化钠溶液的浓度为1wt%~10wt%,所述织物基材在所述氢氧化钠溶液中的处理时间为1~10min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的抗湿度干扰的超疏水织物基压力传感器的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤S2中,所述导电材料溶液中导电材料的质量含量为1wt%~10wt%。
5.根据权利要求4所述的抗湿度干扰的超疏水织物基压力传感器的制备方法,其特征在于,所述导电材料包括PEDOT:PSS、聚吡咯、聚苯胺、聚噻吩、聚乙炔、石墨烯、碳纳米管、炭黑中的一种或多种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的抗湿度干扰的超疏水织物基压力传感器的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤S3中,所述表面接枝改性的纳米金属氧化物颗粒的分散液的固含量为2.5wt%~10wt%,分散溶剂为甲苯或N,N-二甲基甲酰胺。
7.根据权利要求1所述的抗湿度干扰的超疏水织物基压力传感器的制备方法,其特征在于,所述包含无氟的长烷基链的疏水有机物包括C3~C16的烷烃、烯烃、烷基羧酸、烯烃基羧酸或包含C3~C16烷基链的硅氧烷。
8.一种抗湿度干扰的超疏水织物基压力传感器,其特征在于,采用权利要求1至7中任一项权利要求所述的制备方法制备得到。
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