CN112725164A - Solid surface microorganism sampler - Google Patents
Solid surface microorganism sampler Download PDFInfo
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- CN112725164A CN112725164A CN202011466945.4A CN202011466945A CN112725164A CN 112725164 A CN112725164 A CN 112725164A CN 202011466945 A CN202011466945 A CN 202011466945A CN 112725164 A CN112725164 A CN 112725164A
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M33/00—Means for introduction, transport, positioning, extraction, harvesting, peeling or sampling of biological material in or from the apparatus
- C12M33/02—Means for introduction, transport, positioning, extraction, harvesting, peeling or sampling of biological material in or from the apparatus by impregnation, e.g. using swabs or loops
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a solid surface microorganism sampler, which has multiple sampling modes, can implement large-area rapid sampling, and greatly improves the sampling efficiency; accurate sampling can be performed also in a local small range. The sampler includes: a sampling head for sampling microorganisms on a solid surface; the running controller is used for controlling the sampling head to move in the sampling area under the control of the running controller so as to realize automatic sampling; the sampling head is connected with the running controller through an operating rod; the operation controller is fixedly connected to the operation handle. The sampler has an automatic sampling function, can sample at a constant rate during large-area sampling and accurate sampling, and has consistent sampling efficiency of all points in a sampling area without leakage of sampling.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a sampler, in particular to a solid surface microorganism sampler, and belongs to the microorganism detection sampling technology.
Background
The conventional solid surface microorganism sampling generally adopts a surface smearing method.
The method for sampling the microorganisms on the solid surface is specified in national standards GB4789.17-2003 and GB/T18204.4-2013, aseptic operation is carried out on the solid surface, a sterilized dry cotton swab is used for evenly smearing the sample at a proper position or a certain area of the solid surface back and forth to collect the sample, the head of the cotton swab is cut off by a sterilized scissors and then is put into a buffer solution for shaking elution, and the shaking elution is carried out to obtain the collected microorganism sample on the solid surface.
However, the smearing method has the following disadvantages for detecting the microbial pathogenic bacteria or viruses on the solid surface, especially for a large amount of seafood or bulk foods:
1. the smearing method only aims at local sampling of the solid surface, and the sample collection amount is very limited; meanwhile, the sampling specification plate adopted by the method can only sample samples with flat solid surfaces, and has limitation on samples with hollow and uneven solid surfaces; when the contamination level of germs or viruses on the solid surface is low, the effective collection of the sample cannot be carried out, and the inaccuracy of the detection result is caused;
2. for a sample with pathogenic bacteria or viruses polluted on the solid surface, a sampling person contacts with the solid surface in a short distance by the smearing method, so that the risk that the sampling person is infected with the pathogenic bacteria or the viruses is caused;
3. for large solid objects, the sampling area can be correspondingly increased, and the sampling link is time-consuming and labor-consuming.
Therefore, it is very important and necessary to design a microorganism sampler capable of realizing large collection amount, high efficiency, rapidness and safety for collecting samples.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a solid surface microorganism sampler, which has multiple sampling modes, can implement large-area rapid sampling, and greatly improves the sampling efficiency; accurate sampling can be performed also in a local small range.
The solid surface microorganism sampler comprises:
a sampling head for sampling microorganisms on a solid surface;
the operation controller is used for controlling the sampling head to move in the sampling area so as to realize automatic sampling;
the sampling head is connected with the running controller through an operating rod; the operation controller is fixedly connected to the operation handle.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the sampling head includes: the device comprises a driving mechanism A, a traveling mechanism and a sampling assembly;
the driving mechanism A is controlled by the running controller and is used for providing power for the running mechanism;
the walking mechanism is used for driving the sampling assembly to move in the sampling area;
the sampling assembly is used for sampling microorganisms on a solid surface.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the driving mechanism A is a driving motor A controlled by the operation controller;
the running gear includes: the driving travelling mechanism is connected with the driving mechanism A, and the driven travelling mechanism is connected with the driving travelling mechanism; the active running gear includes: the device comprises a gear A, a rack A, a travelling wheel A and a guide rail A; the passive traveling mechanism includes: the gear B, the rack B, the traveling wheel B and the guide rail B are arranged on the frame;
the sampling component A comprises: the sampling brush fixing frame is arranged on the sampling brush fixing frame;
the driving motor A is fixedly supported on the sampling brush fixing frame through a fixedly connected rod piece A; the sampling brush fixing frame is fixedly connected with the connecting shaft A; two ends of the connecting shaft A are respectively supported on the bracket A and the bracket B;
the gear A is coaxially and fixedly connected to a motor output shaft of the driving motor A, the motor output shaft is supported on the bracket A through a bearing B, and the rack A is meshed with the gear A to form gear-rack transmission; the guide rail A is fixed on the lower end face of the rack A; the walking wheels A are in rolling fit with the lower surfaces of the guide rails A; the travelling wheel A is supported at one end of the connecting shaft A through a bearing;
the walking wheel B is supported at the other end of the connecting shaft A through a bearing; a guide rail B in rolling fit with the travelling wheel B is fixed on the lower end face of the rack B; the gear B is meshed with the rack B; the connecting shaft B is supported on the bracket B as a gear shaft of the gear B by a bearing.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the sampling head also comprises a stroke limiting assembly, and the stroke limiting assembly comprises stroke limiting sensors arranged at two ends of the walking direction of the walking mechanism;
the signal transmission lines of the two travel limit sensors are connected with the motion controller and used for transmitting the trigger signal to the motion controller; the motion controller controls the driving motor A to rotate forwards or backwards according to the trigger signals of the two stroke limit sensors, so that the reciprocating linear motion of the walking mechanism is realized.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the sampling head is the rotation type structure, includes: a driving mechanism B and a sampling component B;
the sampling component B comprises: the sampling brush bracket and more than two sampling brushes; more than two sampling brushes are uniformly distributed on the lower end face of the sampling brush bracket at intervals along the circumferential direction by taking the axis of the sampling brush bracket as the center;
the driving mechanism B is used for driving the sampling assembly B to rotate around the axis of the sampling assembly B.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the drive mechanism B includes: the driving motor B, the motor cover and the motor base;
the driving motor B is fixed on the motor base through a fixed connecting rod B; an output shaft of the driving motor B extends out of the motor base through a bearing fixed on the motor base and is connected with the sampling brush bracket;
the driving motor B is externally covered with a motor cover, and the motor cover is provided with an operating rod connecting component used for being connected with an operating rod.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the sampling brush includes: bristles and bristle carriers;
the bristle bracket is of a hollow structure, and liquid storage materials are filled in a cavity of the bristle bracket;
bristles are uniformly arranged on the lower end face of the bristle bracket, and are formed by wrapping bristle fiber bundles by bristle outer skins, and the bristle fiber bundles extend out of the bristle outer skins by a set length; the outer skin of the bristles is made of an elastic material; one end of the brush hair is implanted into the brush hair support cavity and is contacted with the liquid storage material;
air holes are arranged on the upper end surface of the bristle carrier.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the bristle bracket is connected with the sampling brush fixing frame through a quick interface.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the quick connector is of a hollow structure and is communicated with the inner cavity of the bristle carrier, and the top opening of the quick connector is used as a liquid inlet for supplementing physiological saline to the inner cavity of the bristle carrier.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the operating rod is a telescopic operating rod.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: a sampling head cover is covered outside the sampling head, and the bottom of the sampling head cover is provided with an opening; the sampling head cap supports the sampling head during sampling.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the operation controller is provided with a display screen, a mode setting button and an operation button;
the display screen is used for displaying the operation mode and the operation parameters of the sampler;
the mode setting button is used for adjusting the operation mode of the sampling head;
the operation button is used for controlling the start and stop of the whole sampler.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the operating rod is of a tubular structure, and a control and signal line connected with the sampling head by the operation controller penetrates through the operating rod.
Has the advantages that:
(1) the sampler has an automatic sampling function, can sample at a constant rate during large-area sampling and accurate sampling, and has consistent sampling efficiency of all points in a sampling area without leakage of sampling.
(2) Can realize sampling on a large scale fast when can realizing emergent sampling through changing the sampling head.
(3) The sampler has multiple sampling modes, has a sampling mode selection function, adjusts the sampling rate according to the requirements of large-area sampling, accurate sampling and emergency sampling, and flexibly converts and replaces the sampling rate to realize target microorganism screening and tracing.
(4) The sampling brush of the sampler is made of elastic materials, can adapt to sampling of complex surfaces, and can effectively collect samples with hollow and uneven solid surfaces.
(5) The sampling brush of this sample thief has quick grafting structure, makes things convenient for operating personnel to change the sampling brush fast according to using the requirement in the sampling process.
(6) The sampling brush of this sample thief inside has the stock solution function, can carry liquid to sampling brush hair department, makes sampling brush hair reach moist effect, realizes the effective collection of microorganism.
(7) The sampler has the telescopic operating rod, and can realize the remote operation of sampling personnel through the length of the adjusting operating rod and the operation controller at the operating handle, thereby protecting the safety of the sampling personnel.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the general structure of a microorganism sampler of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of a sampling head in embodiment 1;
FIG. 3 is a view showing the working direction of the sampling head in embodiment 1;
FIG. 4 is a bottom view of the sampling head in the working direction in example 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the operation of the sampling head in embodiment 1;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a structure of a sampling brush according to embodiment 2;
FIG. 7 is a partial sectional view of a sampling brush according to embodiment 2;
FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of a part of a sampling brush in section according to example 2;
FIG. 9 is a top view of a sampling brush according to example 2;
FIG. 10 is a bottom view of the sampling brush in example 2;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a rotary microorganism sampling head structure in example 3;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view showing the connection of a rotary type microorganism sampling head in example 3;
FIG. 13 is a layout view of a sampling brush of a rotary type microorganism sampling head in example 3;
FIG. 14 is a sectional view of a driving part of the rotary type microorganism sampler in example 3;
FIG. 15 is a view showing the operation direction of the rotary type microorganism sampler in example 3.
Wherein: 100-a sampling head, 101-a sampling hood, 200-an operating rod, 300-an operation controller, 301-a display screen, 302-a mode setting button, 303-an operating button and 400-an operating handle;
1-bearing A, 2-connecting shaft A, 3-bracket A, 4-stroke limit sensor A, 5-motor output shaft, 6-bearing B, 7-gear A, 8-driving motor A, 9-fixed connecting rod piece A, 10-supporting connecting piece A, 11-guide rail B, 12-bracket B, 13-gear B, 14-connecting shaft B, 15-rack B, 16-guide rail A, 17-walking wheel B, 18-sampling brush fixing frame, 19-sampling brush, 20-supporting connecting piece B, 21-rack A, 22-stroke limit sensor B and 23-walking wheel A;
191-bristles, 192-bristle brackets, 193-quick interfaces, 194-liquid storage materials, 195-bristle skins, 196-bristle fiber bundles, 197-vent holes and 198-liquid inlets;
121-a sampling brush bracket, 122-driving motors B and 123-fixed connecting rods B, 124-a motor base, 125-a motor cover and 126-an operating rod connecting member.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a sampler for collecting microorganisms on a solid surface, which can realize large-area rapid sampling and local small-range accurate sampling and can protect the safety of sampling personnel.
As shown in fig. 1, the microorganism sampler includes: the sampling head 100 and the running controller 300 are connected through the operating rod 200; the operating rod 200 is a telescopic operating rod, and the sampling personnel can realize remote operation by adjusting the length of the operating rod 200, so that the safety of the sampling personnel is protected. The operation controller 300 is fixedly connected to the operation handle 400, and a sampler holds the operation handle 400 to sample.
The operating rod 200 is a tubular structure, and control and signal transmission lines are laid inside the operating rod for realizing the operation control of the operation controller 300 on the sampling operation of the sampling head 100.
The operation controller 300 is provided with a display screen 301, a mode setting button 302 and an operation button 303; wherein the display screen 301 is used for displaying the operation mode and operation parameters of the sampler (such as the walking speed of the sampling head 100); a mode setting button 302 for adjusting the operating mode of the sampling head 100; the operation button 303 is used for controlling the start and stop of the whole sampler; the operation controller 300 may be battery powered or externally connected to the domestic mains.
The sampling head 100 is the core working component of the sampler, and is an automated sampling mechanism capable of sampling at a constant rate. A sampling head cover 101 is covered outside the sampling head 100, the bottom of the sampling head cover 101 is opened, and the sampling head 100 is covered outside the sampling head 100 from the top of the sampling head 100; the sampling head cover 101 plays a role in supporting the sampling head 100 in the sampling process, and the edge (namely the left and right opposite edges of the lower end of the sampling head cover 101) on the sampling head cover 101 playing a supporting role preferably has a smooth arc-shaped structure, so that the sampling head 100 can move in a sampling area conveniently. The operating rod 200 is hinged on the end surface of the sampling head 100, so that the operating rod 200 and the sampling head 100 can rotate at a certain angle, and the sampling operation is convenient.
As shown in fig. 2-5, the sampling head 100 includes: the device comprises a driving mechanism A, a traveling mechanism, a stroke limiting assembly and a sampling assembly; the driving mechanism A is used for providing power for the travelling mechanism; the walking mechanism is used for driving the sampling assembly to move in the sampling area; the stroke limiting assembly is used for limiting the stroke of the travelling mechanism; the sampling component is used for realizing sampling.
The drive mechanism a includes: the device comprises a driving motor A8, a fixed connecting rod A9 and a motor control signal transmission line;
the running gear includes: gear A7, rack A21, gear B13, rack B15, road wheel A23, guide rail A16, road wheel B17, guide rail B16, bracket A3 and bracket B12;
the stroke limiting assembly comprises: a travel limit sensor A4, a travel limit sensor B22 and control and signal transmission lines thereof;
the sampling assembly includes: a sampling brush holder 18 and a sampling brush 19.
The overall connection relationship of the sampling head 100 is: the driving motor A8 is supported on a fixed connecting rod A9, and a fixed connecting rod A9 is fixed on the sampling brush fixing frame 18; the sampling brush holder 18 is fixed to the connecting shaft a2, whereby the drive motor housing, the fixed connecting rod 9, the sampling brush holder 18, and the connecting shaft a2 form a rigid structure. The gear A7 is coaxially and fixedly connected to the motor output shaft 5 of the driving motor A8, and when the driving motor A8 is started, the motor output shaft 5 drives the gear A7 to rotate together; the rack A21 and the gear A7 are meshed to form gear-rack transmission, and the gear A7 can drive the traveling mechanism to do uniform linear motion along the length direction of the rack A21 due to the fact that the gear-rack transmission has a fixed transmission ratio. The motor control signal transmission line is connected to the operation controller 300 through the operation lever 200, and the rotation speed of the driving motor A8 can be controlled by the operation controller 300, thereby controlling the traveling speed of the traveling mechanism. Specifically, a mode setting button 302 is provided on the operation controller 300 for selecting an operation mode of the sampler, and the operation mode of the sampler includes: the device comprises a large-area rapid sampling mode and a precise sampling mode, wherein the running speed of a running mechanism is higher when the large-area rapid sampling mode is operated than when the precise sampling mode is operated.
The walking mechanism is provided with two sets of motion mechanisms which are symmetrical and parallel in space; one set of motion mechanism is an active motion mechanism, and the other set of motion mechanism is a passive motion mechanism; the active motion mechanism is directly connected with the output shaft 5 of the motor, and the assembly relation is as follows: the guide rail A23 is fixed on the lower end surface of the rack A21 through a connecting fastener; the bracket A3 is characterized in that a gear A7 and a walking wheel A23 are respectively assembled and positioned on a rack A21 and a guide rail A16 through a bearing B6 assembled on the motor output shaft 5 and a bearing A1 assembled on a connecting shaft A2, namely the motor output shaft 5 is supported on a bracket A3 through a bearing B6 to ensure that the gear A7 is reliably meshed with the rack A21, the walking wheel A23 is in rolling fit with the lower surface of the guide rail A16, a strip-shaped groove is formed in the lower surface of the guide rail A16, and the walking wheel A23 is in close fit with the strip-shaped groove on the guide rail A16 to form a groove-wheel high pair connecting structure; the road wheel a23 is supported by bearings at one end of the connecting shaft a2 (ensuring that the connecting shaft a2 does not rotate when the road wheel a23 rolls), at which end the connecting shaft a2 is supported by bearings a1 on the bracket A3.
The other end of connecting axle A2 sets up passive running gear, specifically is: the rack B15 and the guide rail B11 are fixed together through a connecting fastener, the gear B13 is assembled on the connecting shaft B14, and the gear B13 is meshed with the rack B15; the bracket B12 is used for assembling and positioning the gear B13 and the road wheel B17 on the rack B15 and the guide rail B11 respectively through a bearing assembled on the connecting shaft B14 and a bearing assembled on the connecting shaft 2, namely the connecting shaft B14 serving as a gear shaft of the gear B13 is supported on the bracket B12 through a bearing so as to ensure that the gear B13 is reliably meshed with the rack B15; the road wheel B17 is supported by bearings at the other end of the connecting shaft a2, at which end the connecting shaft a2 is supported by bearings on the bracket B12. The road wheel B17 is in rolling fit with the lower surface of the guide rail B11, a strip-shaped groove is formed in the lower surface of the guide rail B11, and the road wheel B17 is in close fit with the strip-shaped groove in the guide rail B11 to form a groove-wheel high-pair connecting structure.
Two ends of the two sets of motion mechanisms in the walking direction are respectively fixed with the supporting connecting piece A10 and the supporting connecting piece B20 through connecting fasteners, so that a walking structure is formed.
Two ends (two ends in the walking direction of the walking structure) of the guide rail A16 or the guide rail B11 are respectively provided with a stroke limit sensor, and signal transmission lines of the two stroke limit sensors penetrate through the operating rod 200 to be connected with the motion controller 300 and are used for transmitting the trigger signal to the motion controller 300; the motion controller 300 controls the driving motor A8 to rotate forward or backward according to the trigger signals of the two stroke limit sensors. Let the travel limit sensor located at the side of the supporting connector a10 be a travel limit sensor a4, the travel limit sensor located at the side of the supporting connector B20 be a travel limit sensor B22, and take the example that the travel limit sensor is arranged on the guide rail a 16: when the travelling mechanism moves to the end where the supporting connecting piece A10 is located, the bracket A3 contacts and touches the travel limit sensor A4, the travel limit sensor A4 transmits a trigger signal to the motion controller 300 through a signal transmission line, the motion controller 300 controls the driving motor A8 to rotate reversely, so that the travelling mechanism reversely makes uniform linear motion until the travelling mechanism moves to the end where the supporting connecting piece B2 is located, and when the bracket A3 contacts and touches the travel limit sensor B22, the travel limit sensor B22 transmits the trigger signal to the motion controller 300 through the signal transmission line, and the motion controller 300 controls the driving motor A8 to rotate forwards; the reciprocating linear motion of the walking mechanism is realized by the cyclic reciprocation.
The sampling brush 19 is detachably connected to the sampling brush fixing frame 18 (for example, connected to the sampling brush fixing frame 18 through a quick interface), and the lower end of the sampling brush 19 extends out of the sampling head cover 101 by a set length; when the sampler works, the sampling brush 19 and the walking mechanism do reciprocating linear motion together, and brush on the surface of the solid sample in a reciprocating manner, so that the collection of microorganisms on the surface of the solid is realized. Before the sampler is used for sampling, the sampling brush 19 needs to be soaked in a container filled with sterile physiological saline for sufficient infiltration. The sampling brush 19 is detachably connected to the sampling brush holder 18, so that the sampling brush 19 can be easily replaced.
The sampling principle of the sampler is as follows:
in a representative sample area, the sampler is adopted, and target microorganisms existing on a solid surface, particularly a complex solid surface, are effectively adhered to the bristle surface of the sampling brush 19 by controlling the repeated operation of the sampling brush 19 with the wetted head; through the stroke of the sampling brush 19 and the width of the walking in work (namely the width of the sampling brush 19), an effective sampling area is finally formed; the distance between the sampling personnel and the sample can be adjusted timely by the free extension and contraction of the operating rod 200.
The process of sampling the microorganisms on the solid surface by adopting the sampler comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a sampling mode: according to the sample situation and the sampling purpose, the operation mode is selected by operating the mode setting button 302 on the controller 300, and the operation mode comprises: a large-area fast sampling mode and a precise sampling mode.
(2) Adjusting the sampling distance: the sampling personnel and the sample are adjusted to a proper distance by stretching the operating rod 200, so that the remote operation of the sampling personnel is realized.
(3) Selecting a sampling area:
a. aiming at fresh (frozen) meat, cooked meat products and cooked dried meat products: according to the national food hygiene microbiological inspection standard GB4789.17-2003 of meat and meat product inspection, 10 sampling points are selected on the surface of the sample, and each sampling point has an area of 5cm2Each sampling point uses one sampling brush 19, and 10 sampling brushes 19 are needed in total; the sampling brush 19 brushes repeatedly at each sampling point on the surface of the sample, and the total area is 50cm2。
b. For cold chain food overwrap: referring to national food hygiene microbiological inspection Standard GB4789.17-2003 for meat and meat product inspection, 10 sampling points are selected, each sampling point having an area of 5cm2Each sampling point samples one sampling brush 19, and 10 sampling brushes 19 are needed in total; the sampling brush 19 brushes on the surface of the sample in a reciprocating way at each sampling point, and the total area is 50cm2。
c. Aiming at public supplies in public places: selecting a proper sampling site according to part 4 of the national standard GB/T18204.4-2013 of public place health inspection method (inspection method of microorganisms of public articles), wherein the sampling area is 25cm2～50cm2。
The specific sampling steps are as follows:
(1) as shown in fig. 3 and 4, a sampling brush 19 fully soaked with physiological saline is fixed on a sampling brush fixing frame 18 through a quick connector I and a quick connector II;
(2) according to the sampling purpose, selecting an operation mode through a mode setting button 302 of the operation controller 300, and operating a large-area fast sampling mode or a precise sampling mode;
(3) the telescopic operating rod 200 is adjusted to the length convenient for sampling, so that the remote operation of sampling personnel is realized, and the safety of the sampling personnel is protected. The sampling head 100 is placed at the selected sampling area, as shown in fig. 5, and the sampling head cover 101 is supported on the solid sample surface.
(4) The sampler is started through an operation button 303 of the operation controller 300, and the driving mechanism A starts to operate; the motion controller 300 controls the driving motor A8 to rotate forwards or backwards, so that the driving mechanism A drives the sampling brush 19 to do reciprocating linear motion with the traveling mechanism; in the movement process, the sampling brush 19 brushes on the surface of the solid sample in a reciprocating mode to realize the collection of microorganisms on the surface of the solid sample, the sampling mode can sample at a constant speed, the sampling efficiency of each point in a sampling area is consistent, the problem that the sampling efficiency of each point cannot be always consistent when a sampling person carries out manual sampling is avoided, and the sampling is not leaked.
The stroke S1 and the effective working width S2 (as shown in fig. 4) of the sampling brush 19 form a sampling area that meets the requirements of national standards GB4789.17-2003 and GB/T18204.4-2013 on the sampling area in the solid surface microorganism sampling method.
(5) And (3) sample detection treatment: after the brushing, each sampling brush 19 is immediately taken down and put into a triangular flask or a large test tube filled with 50mL of sterilized normal saline for immediate inspection.
The sampling head 100 is sterilized after large-area sampling or accurate sampling is performed each time, so that secondary pollution is prevented.
Example 2:
in addition to embodiment 1 described above, the present embodiment further defines the structure of the sampling brush 19.
The structure of the sampling brush 19 is shown in fig. 6 to 10, and the sampling brush 19 includes: bristles 191, bristle carrier 192, and quick-connect 193; wherein the bristle holder 192 is hollow, and a liquid storage material 194, such as a sponge material, is filled in the hollow cavity; the bristles 191 are uniformly arranged on the lower end face of the bristle carrier 191, and the bristles 191 are formed by wrapping bristle fiber bundles 196 by bristle skin 195 (the bristle fiber bundles 196 extend out of the bristle skin 195, and the bristle fiber bundles 196 are ensured to extend out of the sampling head cover 101 for a set length), wherein the bristle skin 195 is made of an elastic high polymer material, and the bristle fibers are made of materials with water absorption and water delivery functions, such as cotton fibers; the bristles 191 have one end implanted in the cavity of the bristle carrier 192 in contact with the reservoir material 194. Air holes 197 are arranged on the upper end face of the bristle carrier 192, quick connectors 193 are arranged at two ends of the upper end face, the quick connectors 193 are of hollow structures and are communicated with the inner cavity of the bristle carrier 192, and therefore the top opening of the quick connectors 193 can be used as a liquid inlet 198 for supplementing physiological saline to the inner cavity of the bristle carrier. When the sampling brush 19 is soaked, the physiological saline enters the inner cavity of the bristle carrier 192 through the liquid inlet of the quick connector 193, the liquid storage material absorbs the liquid to be in a balanced state, and meanwhile, the bristles 191 absorb the liquid to be in a balanced state.
In order to make the sampling efficiency of each point of the sampling head in the sampling area consistent, the sampling head should be moved uniformly as far as possible without leaking sampling. The physiological saline consumed by the bristles 191 of the sampling brush can be continuously supplemented from a liquid storage material containing the physiological saline in the inner cavity of the bristle bracket 192, and the bristle fiber bundle 196 wrapped by the bristle skin 195 has a micro-siphon phenomenon on water, so that the bristle fiber bundle 196 has water absorption and water delivery functions; the vent holes 197 on the bristle carrier 192 play a role in balancing the pressure between the inner cavity of the bristle carrier 192 and the external atmosphere, eliminating the resistance when the physiological saline is conveyed from the inner cavity of the bristle carrier 192 to the bristle fiber bundles 196, keeping the bristles 191 in a wet effect all the time, and realizing the effective collection of microorganisms.
As shown in FIG. 5, the flexibility of the bristle skin 195 allows the sampler to sample complex surfaces with solid surface undulations Δ, where Δ is the length of the sampling brush 19 that extends out of the sampling tip cap 101.
Example 3:
the present embodiment provides another structural form of the sampling head, in this embodiment, the sampling head is a rotary structure, and the sampling head adopting this structural form can respond to an emergency biological safety event and perform emergency wide-range screening sampling (correspondingly, an operation mode, that is, an emergency screening sampling mode, is added to the operation controller 300).
The structure of the microorganism sampler in this example was the same as that in example 1 except for the sampling head.
As shown in figure 11, the sampling head is of a rotary structure, the sampling head can rotate at a constant angular speed, and due to the fact that the sampling brush 19 is provided, the sampling area is multiple times of that of the sampling head in the embodiment 1, and the purpose of large-scale rapid sampling screening can be met.
The specific structure of the sampling head is shown in fig. 14 and 15, and the sampling head in this embodiment includes: a drive mechanism and a sampling assembly; to distinguish from embodiment 1, the driving mechanism in this embodiment is referred to as driving mechanism B; the sampling component is a sampling component B;
wherein sampling subassembly B includes: a sampling brush holder 121 and a plurality of sampling brushes 19; as shown in fig. 13, the sampling brush holder 121 has a disk structure, and a plurality of sampling brushes 19 are uniformly distributed at intervals in the circumferential direction on the lower end surface of the sampling brush holder 121 centering on the axis of the sampling brush holder 121; the structure of the sampling brush 19 is the same as that of the sampling brush in embodiment 2, and the sampling brush 19 is connected to the sampling brush holder 121 through a quick interface (i.e., the same manner as the connection of the sampling brush 19 to the sampling brush holder 18 in embodiment 1).
Actuating mechanism B is used for driving the sampling subassembly and rotates, and actuating mechanism B includes: a drive motor B122, a motor cover 125, and a motor base 124; the driving motor B122 is fixed on a fixed connecting rod B123, and the fixed connecting rod B123 is fixed on a motor base 124; the output shaft of the driving motor B122 extends out through a bearing fixed on the motor base 124 (i.e. the output shaft of the driving motor B122 is supported on the motor base 124 through a bearing), and is connected with the sampling brush bracket 121. When the driving motor B122 is started, the motor output shaft rotates to drive the sampling brush holder 121 to rotate at a constant angular speed around the axis AB (i.e., the central axis of the sampling brush holder 121) as shown in fig. 11, so that the sampling brush 19 on the sampling brush holder 121 performs circular motion on the surface of the sampling area to perform sampling. The area formed by the envelope of rotation of the sampling brush 19 and the travel of the sampling head (where the travel of the sampling head refers to the distance the sampling person is operating the sampling head) is the effective sampling area.
A motor cover 125 is covered outside the driving motor B122, and an operating rod connecting member 126 is arranged on the motor cover 125; the sampling head is connected to the telescopic lever 200 by the lever connection member 126.
When emergency large-range screening sampling needs to be carried out in response to an emergency biological safety event, the sampling head of the sampler is replaced by the rotary microbial sampling head shown in fig. 11, the sampling part of the sampling head in the form can rotate at a constant angular speed, the sampling area is multiple times of that of the sampling head shown in fig. 1, and the purpose of large-range rapid sampling is met.
The sampling principle of the sampler adopting the sampling head in the embodiment is as follows:
in a representative sample area, the rotary operation of the sampling brush 19 with the head wetted is controlled by the operation controller 300, and target microorganisms existing on solid surfaces, especially complex solid surfaces, are effectively adhered to the surfaces of bristles in cooperation with the movement of the sampling head in the sampling area; the effective sampling area is finally formed by the rotation of the sampling brush 19 and the moving width during working; the operating rod of the sampler can freely stretch out and draw back, and the distance between a sampling person and a sample can be adjusted timely.
The process of sampling the microorganisms on the solid surface by adopting the sampler comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a sampling mode: according to the sample condition and the sampling purpose, the mode setting button 302 on the operation controller 300 is used for selecting the operation mode and operating the emergency screening sampling mode.
(2) Adjusting the sampling distance: the sampling personnel and the sample are adjusted to a proper distance by stretching the operating rod 200, so that the remote operation of the sampling personnel is realized.
(3) Selecting a sampling area: and determining a sampling point and a sampling area according to the sampling requirement of the emergent biological safety event.
The specific sampling steps are as follows:
(1) a plurality of sampling brushes 19 fully soaked with physiological saline are fixed on a sampling brush bracket through a quick interface;
(2) the emergency screening sampling mode is operated by selecting the operation mode through the mode setting button 302 of the operation controller 300 according to the sampling purpose.
(3) The telescopic operating rod 200 is adjusted to the length convenient for sampling, so that the remote operation of sampling personnel is realized, and the safety of the sampling personnel is protected. A sampling head is placed at the sampling area and a sampling brush supports the sampling head and is placed on the solid sample surface.
(4) The sampler is started by operating the operation button 303 of the controller 300. As shown in fig. 14, the driving mechanism B starts to operate, the motor output shaft rotates to drive the sampling brush bracket 121 to rotate at a constant angular speed, and the sampling brush 19 on the sampling brush bracket 121 moves circularly on the surface of the sampling area together to perform sampling. The area formed by the rotating envelope area of the sampling brush 19 and the stroke of the sampling head is the effective sampling area; the elasticity of the bristle fiber bundles can enable the sampler to sample on a complex surface with certain fluctuation on the surface.
(5) And (3) sample detection treatment: after the brushing, the sampling brush 19 is immediately taken down and put into a triangular bottle or a large test tube containing 50mL of sterilized normal saline, and then immediately sent for inspection. The sampling head is disinfected after emergency screening sampling is carried out every time, so that secondary pollution is prevented.
In summary, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (13)
1. A solid surface microbiological sampler, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
a sampling head (100) for sampling microorganisms on a solid surface;
the running controller (300) is used for controlling the sampling head (100) to move in the sampling area to realize automatic sampling;
the sampling head (100) is connected with the running controller (300) through an operating rod (200); the operation controller (300) is fixedly connected to the operation handle (400).
2. The solid surface microbiological sampler of claim 1 wherein: the sampling head (100) comprises: the device comprises a driving mechanism A, a traveling mechanism and a sampling assembly;
the driving mechanism A is controlled by the running controller (300) and is used for providing power for the travelling mechanism;
the walking mechanism is used for driving the sampling assembly to move in the sampling area;
the sampling assembly is used for sampling microorganisms on a solid surface.
3. The solid surface microbiological sampler of claim 2 wherein: the driving mechanism A is a driving motor A (8) controlled by the operation controller (300);
the running gear includes: the driving travelling mechanism is connected with the driving mechanism A, and the driven travelling mechanism is connected with the driving travelling mechanism; the active running gear includes: a gear A (7), a rack A (21), a walking wheel A (23) and a guide rail A (16); the passive running gear includes: a gear B (13), a rack B (15), a traveling wheel B (17) and a guide rail B (16);
the sampling component A comprises: a sampling brush fixing frame (18) and a sampling brush (19) arranged on the sampling brush fixing frame (18);
the driving motor A (8) is fixedly supported on the sampling brush fixing frame (18) through a fixedly connected rod A (9); the sampling brush fixing frame (18) is fixedly connected with the connecting shaft A (2); two ends of the connecting shaft A (2) are respectively supported on the bracket A (3) and the bracket B (12);
the gear A (7) is coaxially and fixedly connected to a motor output shaft (5) of the driving motor A (8), the motor output shaft (5) is supported on the support A (3) through a bearing B (6), and the rack A (21) is meshed with the gear A (7) to form gear-rack transmission; the guide rail A (23) is fixed on the lower end face of the rack A (21); the travelling wheel A (23) is in rolling fit with the lower surface of the guide rail A (16); the travelling wheel A (23) is supported at one end of the connecting shaft A (2) through a bearing;
the travelling wheel B (17) is supported at the other end of the connecting shaft A (2) through a bearing; a guide rail B (11) in rolling fit with the traveling wheel B (17) is fixed on the lower end face of the rack B (15); the gear B (13) is meshed with the rack B (15); the connecting shaft B (14) is supported on the bracket B (12) as a gear shaft of the gear B (13) through a bearing.
4. The solid surface microbiological sampler of claim 3 wherein: the sampling head (100) further comprises a stroke limiting assembly, and the stroke limiting assembly comprises stroke limiting sensors arranged at two ends of the walking direction of the walking mechanism;
the signal transmission lines of the two travel limit sensors are connected with the motion controller (300) and are used for transmitting the trigger signal to the motion controller (300); the motion controller (300) controls the driving motor A (8) to rotate forwards or backwards according to the trigger signals of the two stroke limit sensors, so that the reciprocating linear motion of the walking mechanism is realized.
5. The solid surface microbiological sampler of claim 1 wherein: the sampling head is the rotation type structure, includes: a driving mechanism B and a sampling component B;
the sampling component B comprises: a sampling brush bracket (121) and more than two sampling brushes (19); the more than two sampling brushes (19) are uniformly distributed on the lower end face of the sampling brush bracket (121) at intervals along the circumferential direction by taking the axis of the sampling brush bracket (121) as the center;
the driving mechanism B is used for driving the sampling assembly B to rotate around the axis of the sampling assembly B.
6. The solid surface microbiological sampler of claim 5 wherein: the drive mechanism B includes: a drive motor B (122), a motor cover (125) and a motor base (124);
the driving motor B (122) is fixed on the motor base (124) through a fixed connecting rod B (123); an output shaft of the driving motor B (122) extends out of the motor base (124) through a bearing and is connected with the sampling brush bracket (121);
the driving motor B (122) is externally covered with a motor cover (125), and an operating rod connecting component (126) used for being connected with an operating rod (200) is arranged on the motor cover (125).
7. The solid surface microbiological sampler of any one of claims 3-6 wherein: the sampling brush (19) comprises: bristles (191) and a bristle carrier (192);
the bristle bracket (192) is of a hollow structure, and a liquid storage material (194) is filled in a cavity of the bristle bracket;
the bristles (191) are uniformly arranged on the lower end face of the bristle bracket (191), the bristles (191) are formed by wrapping bristle fiber bundles (196) by bristle outer skins (195), and the bristle fiber bundles (196) extend out of the bristle outer skins (195) for a set length; the outer skin (195) of the brush hair is made of elastic material; one end of the brush hair (191) is implanted into the cavity of the brush hair bracket (192) to be contacted with the liquid storage material (194);
air holes (197) are arranged on the upper end surface of the bristle holder (192).
8. The solid surface microbiological sampler of claim 7 wherein: the bristle carrier (192) is connected to the sampling brush holder (18) by a quick interface (193).
9. The solid surface microbiological sampler of claim 8 wherein: the quick interface (193) is of a hollow structure and is communicated with the inner cavity of the bristle carrier (192), and the top opening of the quick interface (193) is used as a liquid inlet (198) for supplementing physiological saline to the inner cavity of the bristle carrier (192).
10. The solid surface microbiological sampler of claims 1-6 wherein: the operating rod (200) is a telescopic operating rod.
11. The solid surface microbiological sampler of any one of claims 1-6 wherein: a sampling head cover (101) is covered outside the sampling head (100), and the bottom of the sampling head cover (101) is opened; the sampling head cover (101) supports the sampling head (100) during sampling.
12. The solid surface microbiological sampler of any one of claims 1-6 wherein: the operation controller (300) is provided with a display screen (301), a mode setting button (302) and an operation button (303);
the display screen (301) is used for displaying the operation mode and the operation parameters of the sampler;
the mode setting button (302) is used for adjusting the operation mode of the sampling head (100);
the operation button (303) is used for controlling the start and stop of the whole sampler.
13. The solid surface microbiological sampler of any one of claims 1-6 wherein: the operating rod (200) is of a tubular structure, and control and signal lines connected with the sampling head (100) by the operation controller (300) penetrate through the operating rod (200).
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