CN112707906B - 基于苯并吡咯二酮的新型有机电致发光材料及其应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了基于苯并吡咯二酮的新型有机电致发光材料及其应用。本发明以苯并吡咯二酮为骨架,通过环化等系列反应构筑一类共轭平面更大的稠环分子,这有利于减少分子的非辐射跃迁,提高材料的发光效率;进一步在分子中引入给电子和吸电子基团,调控材料的光物理性能;以这类材料为发光层掺杂剂,通过溶液法制备有机电致发光器件,获得了2.2%的最大外量子效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种新型有机半导体材料,特别涉及基于苯并吡咯二酮的新型有机电致发光材料,及其作为有机电致发光二极管发光层材料的应用,属于有机电致发光材料技术领域。
技术背景
21世纪是信息技术化时代,信息已经和我们每个人的学习、工作和生活紧密的结合在一起。显示器作为信息传递的载体,对我们的生活产生举足轻重的作用。在目前的各类显示器领域里,液晶显示器(LCD)由于具有生产技术成熟、亮度高、成本低等优点占据市场的主导地位,但其也存在体积大、能耗高、不方便携带等缺点。近年来,有机/聚合物电致发光二极管(OLEDs/PLEDs)因具有厚度薄、重量轻、抗震性能好、视角宽、响应时间短、低温特性好、成本低、效率高、能耗低以及大面积柔性制作等优点,被誉为“21世纪平板显示技术”,它已经成为平板显示和固体照明光源领域的研究热点。基于OLEDs的显著优势和近年来的快速发展,我们相信有机电致发光显示技术必将给人们的生产和生活带来翻天覆地的变化。尽管OLEDs/PLEDs的材料及器件的研究和开发工作在学术和商业应用中已取得巨大成就,但仍然在发光材料的优化、彩色化制膜技术、器件封装技术、有源驱动技术和高分辨显示技术等方面存在不足。这些不足直接导致 OLEDs/PLEDs的器件寿命短、效率低,成为制约OLEDs/PLEDs广泛应用的“瓶颈”问题。因此,我们必须要从材料的设计与优化、器件结构、器件制备和器件封装等方面入手解决这些科学问题。作为有机电致发光器件的活性成分,有机电致发光材料的设计与优化仍是发展OLEDs/PLEDs最主要的方向之一。通常选择有机电致发光材料需要满足下列特性:(1)荧光量子效率高,固体薄膜状态下发光不易淬灭;(2)半导体特性好,载流子的传输性能要好;(3)良好的成膜性;(4) 光稳定性能和热稳定性能要高。基于以上目的,本申请专利从材料的分子设计入手,合成制备了系列基于苯并吡咯二酮的新型有机电致发光材料,并探讨了其在电致发光器件中的应用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是在于提供基于苯并吡咯二酮的新型有机电致发光材料。这类材料以苯并吡咯二酮为分子骨架构筑新型的稠环共轭有机分子。通过进一步在分子外围引入取代基团,如氰基、氟原子、甲基和叔丁基,考察取代基对分子光物理性能的影响。
本发明的另一个目的是在于提供这类基于苯并吡咯二酮衍生物新型有机半导体材料作为有机电致发光二极管的发光层材料的应用。
为了实现上述技术目的,本发明提供了一类基于苯并吡咯二酮的新型有机电致发光材料,其结构具有式1结构:
本发明的苯并吡咯二酮衍生物是以2-羟基-2-苯基乙酸为初始原料,通过缩合、环化及Knoevenagel等反应制得。该结构中含4个氰基单元,具有较强的吸电子能力。
相对现有技术,本发明的技术方案带来的有益效果在于:
苯并吡咯二酮是一类平面性较好的共轭单元,该单元具有好的吸电子性能。本发明在苯并吡咯二酮中引入芳环衍生物,通过环化反应,构筑共轭平面更大的分子,这有利于减少分子的非辐射跃迁,提高材料的发光效率;同时在分子中引入氰基单元,进一步增强其吸电子能力。与现有报道相比,本发明的式1具有结构新颖的电子受体单元、更大的共轭平面结构及更好的材料的稳定性更好等特点。
附图说明
图1本发明实施例1制得的化合物H-DPP-CN的热失重曲线图。
图2本发明实施例1制得的化合物H-DPP-CN在甲苯中的紫外吸收光谱图。
图3本发明实施例1制得的化合物H-DPP-CN在甲苯中的光致发光光谱图。
图4本发明实施例1制得的化合物H-DPP-CN在甲苯中的低温磷光光谱图。
图5本发明实施例1制得的化合物H-DPP-CN的器件电致发光光谱图。
图6本发明实施例1制得的化合物H-DPP-CN的器件电流密度-外量子曲线图。
具体实施方案:
以R为氢原子为例对本发明进一步说明,但这些具体实施方案不以任何方式限制本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
化合物1的合成
在250mL单口瓶中加入2-羟基-2-苯基乙酸(10g,0.066mol)、对苯二胺(3.2g,0.03mol)和氯苯溶液(100mL),混合物在氮气下加热至130℃搅拌18小时。待反应物冷却至室温,倒入蒸馏水中(100mL);混合物用CH2Cl2(3×30mL)萃取;有机层依次通过水洗(60mL)、干燥、减压蒸馏除去溶剂;剩余物用乙醇重结晶,得白色固体7.3g(产率:65%)。1H NMR(CDCl3,400M)δ:9.8(s,2H),7.57-7.52(m, 4H),7.33-7.28(m,10H),6.02(s,2H),4.93(s,2H).
化合物2的合成
在100mL单口瓶中加入化合物1(6.0g,0.016mol)和浓硫酸(20mL),混合物在氮气下室温搅拌过夜。待反应物冷却至室温,将反应物缓慢倒入水中(60mL),搅拌,减压抽滤,滤饼依次用正己烷、甲醇和水洗涤,然后真空干燥,得白色固体4.5g(产率:82%)。1H NMR(CDCl3,400M)δ:10.7(s,2H),8.3(s,2H),7.47-7.20 (m,10H),5.02(s,2H).
化合物3的合成
在100mL单口瓶中加入化合物2(4.0g,0.016mol)、KOH和乙醇(20mL),混合物在氮气下回流24h。待反应物冷却至室温,将反应物倒入水中搅拌,减压抽滤,滤饼依次用正己烷、甲醇和水洗涤,然后真空干燥,得白色固体3.0g(产率:75%)。1H NMR(CDCl3,400M)δ:8.9(s,2H),7.40-7.10(m,12H).
化合物4的合成
在100mL单口瓶中加入化合物3(3.0g,8.87mmol)、2-碘苯甲酸甲酯(9.3g,35.5mmol)和硝基苯(60mL),混合物在氮气下加热至175℃搅拌过夜。待反应物冷却至室温,将反应物倒入水中,混合物用CH2Cl2萃取;有机层依次通过水洗、干燥、减压蒸馏除去溶剂;剩余物以二氯甲烷为洗脱剂柱层析得到浅灰色粉末 1.2g(产率:23%)。1H NMR(CDCl3,400M)δ:8.9(s,2H),8.40(d,J=7.8Hz,2H), 7.91-7.93(m,4H),7.37-7.35(m,6H),7.24-7.17(m,6H),3.93(s,6H).
化合物5的合成
在两口瓶中加入化合物4(1.0g,1.65mmol)、冰醋酸和浓硫酸各10mL,混合物在氮气下回流5h。待反应物冷却至室温,将反应物缓慢倒入水中(60mL),混合物用CH2Cl2(3×30mL)萃取;有机层依次通过水洗、干燥、减压蒸馏除去溶剂;剩余物以石油醚/二氯甲烷为洗脱剂柱层析得到米色固体0.75g(产率: 84%)。1H NMR(CDCl3,400M)δ:8.49(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),8.02-7.99(m,4H), 7.37-7.32(m,8H),7.17(d,J=8.1Hz,4H).
化合物H-DPP-CN的合成
将化合物5(0.6g,1.1mmol)、丙二腈(0.43g,6.6mmol)、Al2O3(1.2g,11.7 mmol)和甲苯(40mL),混合物在氮气下加热至85℃搅拌24小时。待反应物冷却至室温,混合物用CH2Cl2萃取;有机层依次通过水洗、干燥、减压蒸馏除去溶剂;剩余物用石油醚/二氯甲烷为洗脱剂柱层析分离后重结晶得到目标产物300 mg(产率:47%)。1H NMR(CDCl3,400M)δ:8.81(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),8.14(d,J= 7.8Hz,2H),7.40(t,J=8.5Hz,2H),7.37-7.32(m,6H),7.17-7.08(m,6H).TOF-MS: 639.41
实施例2
实施例1中的H-DPP-CN的热稳定性能测试。
氮气氛围下,加热速度为20℃/min,通过热失重分析仪测试化合物H-DPP-CN 的热稳定性。由图1可知,化合物H-DPP-CN在失重5%时的热分解温度大于 400℃,说明该化合物具有良好的热稳定性,可用于真空沉积法制备电致发光器件。
实施例3
实施例1中的化合物H-DPP-CN的紫外-可见吸收光谱测试。
将化合物H-DPP-CN溶解在甲苯中配成10-5M溶液,室温下测试其溶液的紫外可见吸收光谱。由图2可知,化合物H-DPP-CN在300-450nm范围内具有强烈的紫外可见吸收峰,这主要归属于分子内的π-π*的跃迁吸收。
实施例4
实施例1中的化合物H-DPP-CN的光物理性能测试。
将化合物H-DPP-CN甲苯中配成10-5M溶液,室温下测试其溶液的光致发光光谱。由图3可知,在光激发下,化合物H-DPP-CN在甲苯溶液中的最大发射峰位于514nm,属于绿光区域;我们进一步测试了其在低温77K下的发射光谱。如图4所示,其低温发射光谱呈现出明显的结构发射,其最大发射波长为 539nm。与室温荧光光谱相比,低温发射光谱呈现出一定的红移,这主要是因为低温光谱来自于三线态发光。
实施例5
以化合物H-DPP-CN作为器件发光层掺杂剂,通过溶液加工法制备结构为 ITO/PEDOT:PSS(40nm)/mCPCN:H-DPP-CN(85:15,40nm)/DPEPO(10 nm)/TmPyPB(50nm)/Liq(1nm)/Al(100nm)的有机电致发光二极管。其中, PEDOT:PSS为空穴注入层,CzSi为发光层主体材料,DPEPO为空穴阻挡层, TmPyPB为电子传输层,Liq/Al为阴极。如图5和图6所示,器件电致发光光谱的最大发射波长为505nm,器件最大外量子效率为2.2%。
Claims (5)
4.根据权利要求1所述的苯并吡咯二酮发光材料的应用,其特征在于:以这类材料为发光层掺杂剂,通过溶液加工法制备有机电致发光器件,并获得了最大外量子效率2.2%。
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