CN112696961A - Three-stage phase change heat exchanger - Google Patents
Three-stage phase change heat exchanger Download PDFInfo
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- CN112696961A CN112696961A CN201911013708.XA CN201911013708A CN112696961A CN 112696961 A CN112696961 A CN 112696961A CN 201911013708 A CN201911013708 A CN 201911013708A CN 112696961 A CN112696961 A CN 112696961A
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- liquid
- phase change
- heat
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- heat exchanger
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
- F28D20/021—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat the latent heat storage material and the heat-exchanging means being enclosed in one container
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
Abstract
A three-level phase change heat exchanger is used for heat dissipation of high-power components with ultrahigh heat flux density, and comprises: the heat exchanger comprises a heat exchanger main body, a heat exchanger heat; cooling liquid nozzle and supporting structure thereof, includes: a support structure and a nozzle or array of nozzles. The refrigerant fluid working medium flows into the metal harmonica tube through the end, absorbs the heat led in from the lower wall surface of the harmonica tube, and the vaporized refrigerant flows out from the other end of the metal harmonica tube. When heat is sharply increased, the metal or alloy solid material in the cavity is subjected to solid-liquid phase change, the spray nozzle at the top sprays atomized cooling (insulating) liquid, the atomized cooling (insulating) liquid is contacted with the upper surface of the heat dissipation shell, and the atomized cooling (insulating) liquid absorbs heat to be vaporized, so that extra instantaneous heat flow heat of the part is absorbed through two phase change latent heat of the metal or alloy solid-liquid phase change and cooling liquid spray liquid-gas phase change, and the temperature of a high-power component is guaranteed to be maintained within a certain range to normally work.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a three-stage phase change heat exchanger.
Background
The heat flux density of the high-power component as the core component of the electronic device is on the rapid increase trend, and reaches 1000W/cm at present2A rank. At present, the heat dissipation mode of high-power components mainly depends on air cooling, and liquid cooling and two-phase flow heat dissipation are popularized in recent years. Air cooling has met a bottleneck in current development due to limited heat dissipation capabilities. The liquid cooling and two-phase flow heat dissipation form has the characteristics of strong heat dissipation capability and small structure volume of the used heat exchangerThe method has wide application prospect in the field of heat dissipation of high-power components. The heat radiators used in the two heat radiation modes have basically similar integral structures, and working medium fluid flows through a sealed cavity of the heat exchanger (a flow channel is arranged in a common cavity or a heat exchange strengthening structure is arranged in the cavity), and the heat generated by the high-power component is absorbed through the temperature rise or the phase change of the working medium.
The heat exchanger with the single structure can deal with heat production of high-power components during normal work, but heat produced by high-frequency work of the high-power components in a short time cannot be transferred in time, so that the gas content of working medium fluid is increased easily to cause dryness and the heat exchange capacity is suddenly reduced. Therefore, a new heat exchanger is needed to be provided, which not only can take away heat generated by normal operation of the high-power components, but also can deal with 'extra' heat generated by short-time high-frequency operation of the high-power components.
Disclosure of Invention
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a three-stage phase change heat exchanger, characterized by comprising:
a main body of the heat exchanger is provided with a heat exchanger,
a cooling liquid nozzle is arranged at the bottom of the cooling liquid nozzle,
the support structure of the cooling liquid nozzle is,
the heat exchanger main part includes:
a section of metal harmonica-shaped tube,
a metal and/or alloy solid-liquid phase change material cavity,
two end heads are arranged at the two ends of the sleeve,
wherein:
the metal harmonica tube is attached on the heating high-power component,
the interior of the metal harmonica tube is provided with a plurality of parallel pore canals,
the metal and/or alloy solid-liquid phase change material cavity is positioned above the metal harmonica tube;
in the pore canal direction, the inlet and the outlet of the metal harmonica tube are connected with two ends;
the cooling liquid nozzle and the support structure of the cooling liquid nozzle include:
a support structure for supporting the movable part of the movable part,
one nozzle and/or one nozzle array comprising a plurality of nozzles.
According to another aspect of the invention, a three-stage phase change heat exchange method based on the three-stage phase change heat exchanger is provided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a general schematic diagram of a three-stage phase change heat exchanger according to one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a top view of the three-stage phase change heat exchanger shown in fig. 1.
Fig. 3A is a sectional view taken along the section B-B in fig. 2. Fig. 3B is a sectional view taken along a-a section in fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a high power component heat dissipation system including a three-stage phase change heat exchanger according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a high power component heat dissipation system including a three-stage phase change heat exchanger according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Aiming at the defects of the existing heat exchanger, the invention absorbs the heat generated by the short-time high-frequency work of the high-power component by adding the low-melting-point phase-change material and combining spray cooling, inhibits the rapid temperature rise of the high-power component and ensures the normal work of the high-power component.
A three-stage phase change heat exchanger is characterized in that: this heat exchanger structure includes: the heat exchanger comprises a heat exchanger body, a nozzle and a supporting structure thereof. The heat exchanger main body comprises a section of metal harmonica tube (1), a metal or alloy solid-liquid phase change material cavity (2) and two end heads (3) and (4), wherein the metal harmonica tube (1) is attached to a heating high-power component, and a plurality of small-scale parallel pore channels are formed in the metal harmonica tube; the metal or alloy solid-liquid phase change material cavity (2) is positioned on the metal harmonica tube (1); in the pore canal direction, the inlet and the outlet of the metal harmonica tube (1) are connected with two ends (3) and (4); the cooling liquid nozzle and its support structure comprise a support structure (5), a nozzle or an array of nozzles (6).
The metal harmonica tube (1) is internally provided with a plurality of small-scale parallel pore channels, the hydraulic diameter is less than 1mm, refrigerant or water flows in the pore channels, the inlet of the pore channels is a single-phase fluid, and the outlet of the pore channels is a single-phase or two-phase fluid.
The cross-sectional shape of the cell is not limited to the rectangular shape shown in fig. 3A and 3B, and may be other cross-sectional shapes.
The hollow part of the metal or alloy solid-liquid phase change material cavity is filled with a specific phase change material, and the outer surface of the top end cover of the metal or alloy solid-liquid phase change material cavity is provided with a channel.
The specific phase-change material is selected according to the actual use condition of the heat exchanger, in particular to a low-melting-point metal phase-change material.
The support structure (5) is not limited to the structure of fig. 1.
The metal harmonica tube (1), a metal or alloy solid-liquid phase change material cavity (2) and the two ends (3) and (4) can be made of copper, aluminum and aluminum alloy or other metal materials meeting the requirements of heat conduction and strength.
The metal harmonica tube (1), a metal or alloy solid-liquid phase change material cavity (2) and two end heads (3) and (4) are welded together. The lower edges of the four peripheral frames of the metal or alloy solid-liquid phase change material cavity (2) are welded with the upper surface and the ends (3) and (4) of the metal harmonica tube (1), and the upper edges are welded with a rectangular metal cover plate with proper thickness to finally form a sealed cavity.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention can not only solve the heating problem of the high-power component in normal operation, but also solve a large amount of heat load generated by the short-time high-frequency operation of the component.
(2) Under the condition of low heating power, only the refrigerant is circulated to work, so that the energy-saving effect is obvious.
(3) The metal or alloy solid-liquid phase change material has strong heat conduction capability, can quickly absorb heat generated by a high-power element and relieve the temperature rise speed.
(4) Atomized cooling liquid drops impact the heat exchange surface and then are vaporized, the heat exchange capacity is extremely strong, and the temperature of the high-power element can be controlled in time.
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but should not be construed to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3A and 3B, a three-stage phase-change heat exchanger according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises a heat exchanger body, a cooling liquid nozzle and its supporting structure. The heat exchanger main body comprises a section of metal harmonica pipe (1), a metal or alloy solid-liquid phase change material cavity (2) and two end heads (3) and (4); the metal harmonica tube (1) is attached to a heating high-power component, high-efficiency heat conduction materials are filled between the metal harmonica tube and the heating high-power component, contact thermal resistance is reduced, and a plurality of small-scale parallel pore channels (1-1) are arranged inside the metal harmonica tube (1); the metal or alloy solid-liquid phase change material cavity (2) is positioned on the metal harmonica tube (1); in the pore channel direction, the metal harmonica tube (1) is connected with two end heads (3) and (4); the cooling liquid nozzle and its support structure comprise a support structure (5) and a nozzle or an array of nozzles (6).
In practical use, the size of the three-stage phase-change heat exchanger can be adjusted according to the size of a heating high-power component, and particularly, the number of pore channels, the length of the pore channels and the size of the pore channels in the metal harmonica tube contained in the three-stage phase-change heat exchanger can be changed.
The operation of the three-stage phase change heat exchanger according to the present invention may be realized by a heat dissipation cycle. For different application scenarios: (1) the environment is open, and cooling liquid does not need to be recycled; (2) the invention provides two different embodiments for closed environment and cooling liquid needing to be recovered.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 4, the high-power component heat dissipation system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a three-stage phase-change heat exchanger (1), a high-power component (2), a heat sink (3), a liquid storage tank (4), a fluorine pump (5), a coolant liquid supply system, and a connection pipeline according to the present invention. According to one embodiment of the invention, the phase change material is selected as a low melting point phase change metal material at 48 ℃, and is filled between the heat conducting fins (2-1). The refrigerant enters the three-stage phase-change heat exchanger under the driving of the fluorine pump, absorbs heat released by the high-power component (2), changes from single phase to gas-liquid two phase, then enters the heat radiator for heat dissipation, and returns to the single-phase state, then enters the liquid storage tank, and finally is pumped away by the fluorine pump, so that a heat dissipation cycle is completed. When the high-power components start to work at high frequency for a short time, the refrigerant circulation is not enough to take away all heat, the overall temperature of the heat exchanger rises, heat generated by the high-power components enters a metal or alloy solid-liquid phase change material cavity (1-2) through the wall surface of the heat exchanger in a heat conduction mode, when the temperature of the low-melting-point phase change metal reaches a set melting point, the low-melting-point phase change metal generates solid-liquid phase change to absorb heat, meanwhile, a cooling liquid supply system injects liquid cooling liquid into a nozzle or a nozzle array (1-6) and is discharged through the nozzle to form atomized cooling liquid, the cooling liquid drops contact with a top end cover (1-2-1) to generate vaporization to absorb heat, the vaporized cooling liquid is dissipated to the environment, and the temperature of the high-power components is.
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 5, the high-power component heat dissipation system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a three-stage phase-change heat exchanger (1), a high-power component (2), a heat sink (3), a liquid storage tank (4), a fluorine pump (5), a coolant liquid supply and recovery system (7), and a connection pipeline. According to one embodiment of the invention, the phase change material is selected as a low melting point phase change metal material at 48 ℃, and is filled between the heat conducting fins (2-1). The refrigerant enters the three-stage phase-change heat exchanger under the driving of the fluorine pump, absorbs heat released by the high-power component (2), changes from single phase to gas-liquid two phase, then enters the heat radiator for heat dissipation, and returns to the single-phase state, then enters the liquid storage tank, and finally is pumped away by the fluorine pump, so that a heat dissipation cycle is completed. When a high-power component starts to work at high frequency for a short time, the refrigerant circulation is not enough to take away all heat, the integral temperature of the heat exchanger rises, the heat generated by the high-power component enters a metal or alloy solid-liquid phase change material cavity (1-2) and a top end cover (1-2-1) through the heat conduction of the wall surface of the heat exchanger, when the temperature of the low-melting phase change metal reaches a set melting point, the low-melting phase change metal generates solid-liquid phase change to absorb heat, meanwhile, a cooling liquid supply system injects liquid cooling liquid into a nozzle or a nozzle array (1-6) and is discharged through the nozzle to form atomized cooling liquid, the liquid drops of the cooling liquid are contacted with the top end cover (1-2-1) to generate vaporization to absorb heat, the vaporized cooling liquid is diffused in the cavity (7-1), and due to the existence, pressure difference exists between the two, the gaseous coolant enters the low-pressure end (7-2) from the high-pressure end (7-1) along the pipeline, releases heat, is condensed back to a liquid state, then enters the liquid storage tank (7-3), is pumped away by the pump (7-4) and enters the nozzle or the nozzle array (1-6), and a cycle is completed. By adjusting the rotational speed of the pump (7-4), the coolant working pressure can be adjusted to a desired range.
Claims (10)
1. A three-stage phase change heat exchanger, characterized by comprising:
a main body of the heat exchanger is provided with a heat exchanger,
a cooling liquid nozzle is arranged at the bottom of the cooling liquid nozzle,
the support structure of the cooling liquid nozzle is,
the heat exchanger main part includes:
a section of metal harmonica pipe (1),
a metal and/or alloy solid-liquid phase change material cavity (2),
two end heads (3, 4),
wherein:
the metal harmonica tube (1) is attached to a heating high-power component,
the interior of the metal harmonica tube is provided with a plurality of parallel pore canals,
the metal and/or alloy solid-liquid phase change material cavity (2) is positioned above the metal harmonica tube (1);
in the pore canal direction, the inlet and the outlet of the metal harmonica tube (1) are connected with two ends (3, 4);
the cooling liquid nozzle and the support structure of the cooling liquid nozzle include:
a support structure (5) for supporting the support structure,
a nozzle and/or a nozzle array (6) comprising a plurality of nozzles.
2. The three-stage phase change heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein:
the parallel pore channels (1-1) are used for circulating refrigerant,
the refrigerant at the inlet of the parallel pore channels (1-1) is a single-phase fluid,
when the high-power component generates less heat, the refrigerant absorbs the heat through sensible heat; when the amount of heat generation is large, the refrigerant absorbs heat by latent heat.
3. The three-stage phase change heat exchanger of claim 2, wherein:
each parallel pore channel (1-1) has a small hydraulic diameter, less than 1mm, and belongs to a micro-channel. The cross-sectional shape is rectangular as shown in fig. 3, but is not limited to the cross-sectional shape shown in the figure.
4. The three-stage phase change heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein:
the heat conducting fins (2-1) are arranged inside the metal and/or alloy solid-liquid phase change material cavity (2) and are used for strengthening the heat conduction inside the metal and/or alloy solid-liquid phase change material,
the solid-liquid phase change material of metal and/or alloy is filled between the fins (2-1).
5. The three-stage phase change heat exchanger of claim 4, wherein:
the solid-liquid phase change material of metal and/or alloy absorbs a great deal of heat generated by short-time high-frequency operation of high-power components through solid-liquid phase change,
the outer surface of the top end cover of the metal or alloy solid-liquid phase change material cavity (2) is provided with a channel (2-2) for increasing the heat exchange between the cooling liquid and the surface.
6. The three-stage phase change heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein:
the support structure (5) is used to ensure that the position between the nozzle and/or nozzle array (6) and the heat exchanger body is relatively fixed.
7. The three-stage phase change heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein:
the nozzle and/or the nozzle array (6) is used for spraying atomized cooling liquid which contacts the surface of the top channel of the metal or alloy solid-liquid phase change material cavity (2) and carries out phase change, thereby taking away heat generated by high-power components during short-time high-frequency work,
the metal harmonica tube (1), the metal and/or alloy solid-liquid phase change material cavity (2) and the two end heads (3, 4) are made of one selected from copper, aluminum and aluminum alloy.
8. The three-stage phase change heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein:
the lower edges of the peripheral frames of the metal and/or alloy solid-liquid phase change material cavity (2) are welded with the upper surface and the ends (3 and 4) of the metal harmonica tube (1),
the upper edges of the peripheral frames of the metal and/or alloy solid-liquid phase change material cavity (2) are welded with a rectangular metal cover plate, so that a sealed cavity is formed.
9. The three-stage phase change heat exchange method based on the three-stage phase change heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps:
the high-power component heat dissipation system comprises the three-stage phase-change heat exchanger (1), the high-power component (2), a radiator (3), a liquid storage tank (4), a fluorine pump (5), a cooling liquid supply and recovery system (7) and a connecting pipeline.
The refrigerant enters the three-level phase change heat exchanger under the driving of the fluorine pump to absorb the heat released by the high-power component (2) and change from single phase to gas-liquid two phase,
the refrigerant which is changed into gas-liquid two-phase enters a radiator for radiating, thereby recovering to a single-phase state,
the refrigerant which is recovered to the single-phase state enters the liquid storage tank and is pumped away by the fluorine pump, thereby completing a heat dissipation cycle,
when the high-power component starts to work at high frequency in a short time, heat generated by the high-power component enters low-melting-point phase-change metal and/or top end cover (1-2-1) in a metal and/or alloy solid-liquid phase-change material cavity (1-2) through heat conduction of the wall surface of a heat exchanger, liquid cooling liquid is injected into a nozzle and/or a nozzle array (1-6) by utilizing a cooling liquid supply system, the liquid cooling liquid is sprayed out through the nozzle and/or the nozzle array (1-6) to form atomized cooling liquid, liquid drops of the atomized cooling liquid are contacted with the top end cover (1-2-1) to be vaporized into gaseous cooling agent to absorb heat, wherein the gaseous cooling agent is diffused in the cavity (7-1), and due to the pressure difference between a radiator (7-2) and the cavity (7-1), so that the gaseous coolant enters the low pressure end (7-2) from the high pressure end (7-1) along the pipeline and releases heat to condense back to liquid coolant in liquid state,
the liquid cooling liquid condensed back to liquid state enters the liquid storage tank (7-3) and is finally pumped into the nozzles and/or nozzle arrays (1-6) by the pump (7-4), completing a cycle.
10. The three-stage phase change heat exchange method according to claim 9, further comprising:
the rotational speed of the pump (7-4) is adjusted so as to adjust the working pressure of the liquid coolant to a desired range.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114501945A (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2022-05-13 | 华南理工大学 | Spraying liquid cooling phase change module for server, control method and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN114760807A (en) * | 2022-03-03 | 2022-07-15 | 华南理工大学 | Server case integrating ultrasonic atomization phase-change liquid cooling heat dissipation module and heat dissipation method |
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