CN112695539A - 一种无固体粉末填料的阻燃吸墨聚酰胺涂层织物的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种无固体粉末填料的阻燃吸墨聚酰胺涂层织物的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种无固体粉末填料的阻燃吸墨聚酰胺涂层织物的制备方法,其特征是通过液态改性硅溶胶代替多种功能粉末填料,应用到甲醇/氯化钙溶解尼龙6的湿法涂层浆料体系。无固体粉末填料的阻燃吸墨聚酰胺涂层织物同时具有良好的柔性、阻燃性能和吸墨能力,可以大幅提高聚酰胺涂层织物的功能性,同时不使用固体粉末填料也大大降低了生产过程中的扬尘、浆料发粘、析出粉末等多种问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及织物中聚酰胺涂层制备领域,具体涉及一种无固体粉末填料的阻燃吸墨聚酰胺涂层织物的制备方法。
背景技术
20世纪80年代以来,聚酰胺湿法涂层技术逐渐应用于商标涂层织物,该技术得到的产品具有成本低、手感舒适等特点。目前,比较常用的聚酰胺浆料是以甲醇作为溶剂、氯化钙作为溶解助剂来溶解PA6,并在此基础上添加合适的增白剂、阻燃剂等功能性物质所构成。
目前在聚酰胺湿法涂层过程中,往往会添加大量的固体粉末作为填料来实现一些功能化的需求,如碳酸钙、高岭土等可以丰富涂层的手感和增加涂层的厚重感;氢氧化镁、次磷酸铝等无机粉末可以赋予商标织物阻燃的效果;各种功能的高分子树脂粉末也常常被加入到浆料中赋予涂层织物各类如抗静电、抗黄变等功能。
但是这些固体粉末填料加入到聚酰胺湿法涂层浆料里后会极大的增加浆料的粘度,给流水线生产带来问题。同时由于大部分常用的固体粉末填料属于亲水性物质,容易在浆料中团聚,进而造成在水交换形成涂层后分散不均匀、易脱落等多种疵病。
因此,研发纳米级、多功能的亲油性液体填料并开发相应的聚酰胺涂层织物是解决上述问题的有效方式。
基于以上情况,本发明提出一种无固体粉末填料的阻燃吸墨聚酰胺涂层织物的湿法涂层制备方法,制备多功能、高品质的聚酰胺涂层织物。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种无固体粉末填料的阻燃吸墨聚酰胺涂层织物的湿法涂层制备方法。具体是指提供一种在日常使用时,有高结合牢度的纺织品及其生产方法。
本发明的技术方案是:
一种无固体粉末填料的阻燃吸墨聚酰胺涂层织物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将湿法涂层浆对织物基底进行涂覆,在沉淀剂中进行成膜,烘干得到具有阻燃吸墨性能的聚酰胺涂层织物;
以总质量100%计,所述的湿法涂层浆采用以下质量百分含量的组分:
其中:
所述的织物基底为尼龙织物、涤纶织物、棉织物、丝绸纤维织物中的一种或两种以上(包括两种)的混合。本发明以尼龙、涤纶、棉、丝绸纤维织物为基底。
所述阻燃吸墨功能剂为一种液态改性SiO2溶胶,固含量为5~30%,平均粒径为30-100nm,其余为甲醇。
改性SiO2溶胶具有较强的亲油性,基本结构如下所示。
具体制备过程如下:
将摩尔比DOPO:MPS=1:1加入到甲醇中,加入DOPO和MPS总质量 5%的偶氮二异丁氰,60℃反应48h,之后加入SiO2的甲醇水溶胶,25℃搅拌反应48h,得到液态改性SiO2溶胶。
该纺织品所采用的原料纤维没有特别限制,可以根据使用环境不同选择不同的纤维及不同的纱线进行组织织造。其中优选纺织品为至少尼龙、涤纶、棉、丝绸中的一种或几种的机织物。
将浆料涂覆在织物表面后,需放入沉淀剂中分相成膜,所述沉淀剂由水、乙醇、硼酸钠组成,其质量比为90~93:3~5:3~6。本发明不能采用纯水或自来水作为沉淀剂,需添加少量乙醇和硼酸钠调节极性和离子强度,才能进行有效的尼龙相转变成膜,获得所需结构。
在沉淀剂中的放置时间为20~30s。本发明涂层浆料的分相成膜速率较慢,因此需要更多的成膜时间,才能形成足够厚度和蓬松感的涂层。
涂层织物取出后的烘干温度在90-110℃,本发明的液态改性SiO2溶胶结构不适宜用高温烘焙,需控制在90-110℃,否则会影响涂层结构。
最终的阻燃吸墨聚酰胺涂层织物表面覆盖的聚酰胺涂层厚度为2.5~3.0 mm,表面的孔径尺寸在10~30μm。且该涂层织物表面覆盖的聚酰胺涂层无明显块状物质。
根据GB/T 3920-2008《纺织品色牢度试验耐摩擦色牢度》和 GB/T3920-2008《纺织品色牢度试验耐皂洗色牢度》,该涂层织物用于喷墨打印后的摩擦色牢度大于等于4级,耐皂洗牢度大于等于4级。
根据GBT 17644-2008《纺织纤维白度色度试验方法》,该涂层织物白度大于等于90。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
1)、创新性地采用液态改性SiO2溶胶作为阻燃吸墨功能添加剂,放弃在湿法涂层浆料中添加无机粉末填料,获得了稳定、均匀的尼龙湿法涂层浆料。
2)、改性后的纳米级改性SiO2溶胶亲油性强,尼龙浆料在沉淀剂中成膜后,溶胶不会发生大规模团聚,因而结合牢度极高。
3)、本发明所得的阻燃吸墨聚酰胺涂层织物具有高稳定性,可获得比现有添加无机粉末填料体系更好的手感、透气透湿性、耐磨性、弹性等优良性能干湿湿摩擦牢度以及耐水洗牢度得到显著提高达到4级以上。
4)、本发明是通过液态改性硅溶胶代替多种功能粉末填料,应用到甲醇 /氯化钙溶解尼龙6的湿法涂层浆料体系。无固体粉末填料的阻燃吸墨聚酰胺涂层织物同时具有良好的柔性、阻燃性能和吸墨能力,可以大幅提高聚酰胺涂层织物的功能性,同时不使用固体粉末填料也大大降低了生产过程中的扬尘、浆料发粘、析出粉末等多种问题。
附图说明
图1为实施例5所制聚酰胺涂层织物的表面形貌图(SEM);
图2为对比例1所制聚酰胺涂层织物的表面形貌图(SEM);
图3为改性硅溶胶的红外图谱
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行进一步描述,但本发明的保护范围并不限于此,凡是根据本发明的精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰,都应该涵盖在本发明的保护范围内。
本发明具体实施例中,尼龙6纤维(CAS号:25038-54-4)。阻燃吸墨功能剂为液态改性SiO2溶胶,固含量为5~30%,平均粒径为30-100nm,其余为甲醇。
将摩尔比DOPO(9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物):MPS(3-巯基-1-丙磺酸钠盐,3-mercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt)=1:1加入到甲醇中,加入DOPO和MPS总质量5%的偶氮二异丁氰,60℃反应48h,之后加入SiO2的甲醇水溶胶,25℃搅拌反应48h,得到液态改性SiO2溶胶。液态改性SiO2溶胶作为阻燃吸墨功能剂其红外光谱如图3所示,图谱基本的解析如表1所示,表明为如下结构:
表1
基团 | 波数(cm<sup>-1</sup>) |
P-H | 2436 |
P-C | 1477 1427 |
P-O | 1238 |
Si-O | 1092;818 |
Si-O-C | 1098 |
-CH<sub>3</sub> | 2950 |
-OCH<sub>3</sub> | 2838 |
P-CH<sub>2</sub> | 1410 |
实施例1~5和对比例1~3:
以尼龙、涤纶、棉、丝绸纤维织物为基底,按照下述表2配方进行湿法涂层浆的调配,然后将湿法涂层浆对织物基底进行涂覆,按照表3配制的沉淀剂,并按照表4的烘干和水交换工艺得到具有阻燃吸墨性能的聚酰胺涂层织物。
其中湿法涂层浆由下列组分组成:
氯化钙 20~30%;
尼龙6 10~15%;
阻燃吸墨功能剂 5~30%;
其余都为甲醇
表2湿法涂层浆配方(Kg)
备注:其余物质为甲醇,浆料总质量为100kg。
表3沉淀剂配比
表4烘干和水交换工艺
表5检测结果
注:白度是参照GBT 17644-2008《纺织纤维白度色度试验方法》;耐摩擦牢度测试是参照GB/T 3920-2008《纺织品色牢度试验耐摩擦色牢度》;耐水洗色牢度测试是参照GB/T3920-2008《纺织品色牢度试验耐皂洗色牢度》对油墨印刷商标涂层织物进行耐水洗色牢度测试。
涂层厚度由厚度仪测量(上海力顺实业有限公司,Elcometer 456涂层测厚仪)获得。
表面孔洞平均粒径的统计可以采用扫描电镜SEM照片来进行判定。具体方法为拍摄10-15张放大倍数为10000倍的扫描电镜照片,量取统计500 个孔洞的粒径并求数均平均值。
硬挺度参照GB/T7689.4-2013《增强材料机织物测试方法第4部分:弯曲硬挺度的测定》,裁剪不同阻燃剂用量下250×25mm的涂层织物样布各三条,测定记录弯曲角达到45°时伸出长度,取平均值。
极限氧指数按照GBT 5454-1997标准测定。
吸墨时间按照如下方式测试:
裁剪250×25mm的涂层织物样布各三条,在样布上滴加商品油墨,当油墨完全浸入样布内部并停止扩散视为吸墨完成,记录滴加油墨到最终吸墨完成的时间,取平均值。
检测结果如表5所示。
图1实施例5所制聚酰胺涂层织物的表面形貌图(SEM);图2对比例1所制聚酰胺涂层织物的表面形貌图(SEM);从图1、2对比可以看出,固体填料容易堆积在涂层表面,形成大量的粗糙的颗粒聚集体,而本发明所制聚酰胺涂层织物表面光滑,孔洞结构清晰,吸墨阻燃效果佳。
以上仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出的是,上述优选实施方式不应视为对本发明的限制,本发明的保护范围应当以权利要求所限定的范围为准。对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (8)
2.根据权利要求1所述的无固体粉末填料的阻燃吸墨聚酰胺涂层织物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的织物基底为尼龙织物、涤纶织物、棉织物、丝绸纤维织物中的一种或两种以上的混合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的无固体粉末填料的阻燃吸墨聚酰胺涂层织物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的阻燃吸墨功能剂为液态改性SiO2溶胶。
4.根据权利要求3所述的无固体粉末填料的阻燃吸墨聚酰胺涂层织物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的液态改性SiO2溶胶中,固含量为5~30%,平均粒径为30-100nm,其余为甲醇。
6.根据权利要求1所述的无固体粉末填料的阻燃吸墨聚酰胺涂层织物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述沉淀剂由水、乙醇、硼酸钠组成,其质量比为90~93:3~5:3~6。
7.根据权利要求1所述的无固体粉末填料的阻燃吸墨聚酰胺涂层织物的制备方法,其特征在于,在沉淀剂中进行成膜的时间为20~30s。
8.根据权利要求1所述的无固体粉末填料的阻燃吸墨聚酰胺涂层织物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的烘干的温度为90-110℃。
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