CN113389062B - 一种用于喷绘的聚酰胺56涂层织物的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于喷绘的聚酰胺56涂层织物的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于喷绘的聚酰胺56涂层织物的制备方法，以聚酰胺56为原料，以乙二醇为溶剂，氯化盐为溶解助剂，在高温高压环境下溶解为膏状物，然后经过甲醇和乙醇稀释后作为涂覆浆料，可直接对纺织品进行湿法涂覆。本发明使用环境友好、无挥发性的溶剂代替传统的四氢呋喃等有毒有害有机溶剂，大大提升了生产过程的绿色环保性，所制备的聚酰胺56涂层织物其白度、耐摩擦牢度、耐水洗牢度等性能较好，满足实际生产加工中的要求。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种聚酰胺浆料及其涂层织物的制备领域，具体涉及一种聚酰胺56浆料的制备方法及后续涂层织物制备工艺。
背景技术
传统的化学纤维主要依靠石油，但作为不可再生资源，石油不仅面临资源枯竭的隐患，在应用过程中还会同时触发众多环境问题。聚酰胺56是生物基化学纤维材料，从天然生物中提取而来，是一种可持续利用的环保材料。
聚酰胺56具有吸湿排汗佳、耐热、低温柔软、耐磨性能强、染色性优异等优点，适合应用于服装、家纺、产业用纺织品等领域。此外，生物基聚酰胺56纤维在工程塑料行业也有很大的发展空间，可应用于汽车工业、电子产品、高铁、机械自润滑轴承和齿轮等产品，制作汽车发动机罩盖、前照灯灯框，电阻器、连接盒、高铁轨距挡板座、道岔用轨撑座、轨距块、道岔套管。
有关生物基聚酰胺56的树脂合成方法及尼龙56纤维(包括长丝、短纤)的制造方法，已有CN103147152B、CN1031146190B等专利介绍。而目前大量的专利报道都聚焦在聚酰胺56纤维的制备和应用上，对膜等其他形式的应用关注较少。本发明主要针对将聚酰胺56制成可涂覆的膜材料，利用湿法涂层法制备具有多种性能的涂层织物。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种具有高结合牢度、高耐磨、易喷绘的聚酰胺涂层织物的制备方法。具体是指提供一种在日常使用时，有高结合牢度、高耐磨性的涂层织物及其生产方法。
本发明的技术解决方案是：采用溶解助剂氯化镁和氯化锌的作用，利用溶剂乙二醇，在高温高压情况下溶解聚酰胺56纤维或颗粒，该全新的溶解助剂将不使用氯化钙或二水氯化钙，再通过湿法涂层织物，并进行水交换凝固的方式制备。
一种用于喷绘的聚酰胺56涂层织物的制备方法，其特征在于包含浆料的制备和涂覆工艺。本发明主要采用高温高压溶解工艺，以无毒溶剂乙二醇，无机盐氯化镁、氯化锌
浆料包括以下物质：
溶质、溶剂和溶解助剂
所述溶质为聚酰胺56
所述溶剂是乙二醇
所述溶解助剂由氯化镁、氯化锌组成。
一种用于喷绘的聚酰胺56涂层织物的制备方法，其特征在于，浆料的制备方法包括以下步骤：
将溶解助剂加入到溶剂中充分搅拌溶解，再将聚酰胺56纤维或切片与其同加入至高温高压密闭釜中，经历特定的升温降温过程后，待完全溶解后冷却至40～60℃下保温储存，得到固体膏状浆料。
根据权利要求1所述的一种用于喷绘的聚酰胺56涂层织物的制备方法，其特征在于，所述溶剂为乙二醇，占浆料质量分数的60～70％，所述溶解助剂为氯化镁、氯化锌中的一种或几种，占浆料质量分数的10～15％。本发明依靠乙二醇的高温溶解能力和溶解助剂氯化镁和氯化锌的作用，高温下可溶解聚酰胺56大分子。
根据权利要求2所述的一种用于喷绘的聚酰胺56涂层织物的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤中所述的升温降温过程为首先升温至～105℃，保持15～30min，再降温至80～90℃，保持10～15min，再升温至150～155℃，保持30～40min。由于聚酰胺56较难溶解，因而需要反复升温降温帮助其大分子链溶胀。
根据权利要求2所述的一种用于喷绘的聚酰胺56涂层织物的制备方法，其特征在于，溶解时压强为1.1～1.3个大气压。小于1.1个大气压力下，聚酰胺溶解困难，原则上适当提高大气压有利于纤维溶胀，从而促进溶解，但是过高的大气压不仅不利于安全，也浪费能耗，故本发明优选1.1～1.3个大气压。
一种用于喷绘的聚酰胺56涂层织物的制备方法，其特征在于，涂覆工艺步骤如下：
将固体膏状浆料用乙醇、甲醇稀释，再加入稳定剂搅拌均匀后，涂覆在涤纶平纹织物表面，然后在水中水交换1～5min后，烘干。
根据权利要求3所述的一种用于喷绘的聚酰胺56涂层织物的制备方法，其特征在于，稀释的乙醇和甲醇比例为1:1。所述的稳定剂为麦芽糊精，含量为浆料质量分数的1～3％。
稳定剂的作用是为了在稀释浆料时，保证聚酰胺大分子之间不发生明显的凝结，同时麦芽糊精也有一定的增粘增稠效果，有利于后的织物涂覆，增稠粘度为0.8cp～1.5cp之间。
甲醇和乙醇的粘度低、流动性强同时和乙二醇互溶，可作为乙二醇的稀释剂，添加稳定剂麦芽糊精会使体系增粘稳定，有利于涂覆涤纶平纹织物。与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：
本发明采用乙二醇配合氯化锌、氯化镁在高温高压下溶解聚酰胺56，并获得稳定、均匀的聚酰胺56浆料，并将其用于纺织品湿法涂层，避免使用了甲酸、苯酚等强酸、强腐蚀溶剂，大大降低了生产过程的污染。目前尚无类似的聚酰胺56浆料制备技术和发明专利等报道。
附图说明
图1实施例8所制涂层织物表面涂层形貌的SEM照片。
图2实施例8所制涂层织物内部蜂窝状涂层形貌的SEM照片。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行进一步描述，但本发明的保护范围并不限于此，凡是根据本发明的精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰，都应该涵盖在本发明的保护范围内。
实施例1～9：按照表1的配比将溶解助剂加入到溶剂中充分搅拌溶解，再将聚酰胺56纤维或切片与其同加入至高温高压密闭釜中，调整高压内部压力后，经历特定的升温降温过程，待完全溶解后冷却至40～60℃下保温储存，得到固体膏状浆料。
表1溶解助剂的配比和聚酰胺56纤维用量(Kg)
| 实施例 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
| 氯化镁 | 10 | 5 | 12 | 7 | 9 | 8 | 9 | 8 | 8 |
| 氯化锌 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 8 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 6 |
| 聚酰胺56 | 5 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 8 | 10 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| 大气压 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.2 | .1.2 |
| 乙二醇 | 79 | 78.5 | 73 | 73 | 74 | 74.5 | 76 | 74.5 | 75 |
将上述固体膏状浆料用乙醇、甲醇按照一定比例稀释，再加入稳定剂麦芽糊精搅拌均匀后，涂覆在涤纶平纹织物表面，然后在水中水交换1～5min后，烘干。
| 实施例 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
| 麦芽糊精 | 1 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 2.5 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 1 |
为了更好地体现本发明专利的有益性，下面对本发明实施例1～9得到的聚酰胺56涂层织物进行性能测试，测试结果如表2所述：
表2实施例与对比例性能测试结果
| 实施例 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
| 白度 | 88 | 89 | 92 | 91 | 92 | 91 | 89 | 90 | 93 |
| 耐干摩擦牢度/级 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| 耐湿摩擦牢度/级 | 4-5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4-5 | 4 | 4 |
| 耐水洗牢度/级 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4-5 | 4 |
注：白度是参照GBT 17644-2008《纺织纤维白度色度试验方法》；耐摩擦牢度测试是参照GB/T 3920-2008《纺织品色牢度试验耐摩擦色牢度》；耐水洗色牢度测试是参照GB/T3920-2008《纺织品色牢度试验耐皂洗色牢度》对油墨印刷商标涂层织物进行耐水洗色牢度测试。
Claims (8)
1.一种用于喷绘的聚酰胺56涂层织物的制备方法，其特征在于包含了浆料的制备和涂层织物涂覆工艺技术；
浆料包括以下物质：
溶质、溶剂和溶解助剂
所述溶质为聚酰胺56，外观为颗粒状或者纤维状
所述溶剂是乙二醇
所述溶解助剂由氯化镁、氯化锌组成；
浆料的制备方法包括以下步骤：
将溶解助剂加入到溶剂中充分搅拌溶解，再将聚酰胺56纤维或切片与其同加入至高温高压密闭釜中，经历特定的升温降温过程后，待完全溶解后冷却至40~60 ℃下保温储存，得到固体膏状浆料；
涂覆工艺步骤如下：
将固体膏状浆料用乙醇、甲醇按照一定比例稀释，再加入稳定剂搅拌均匀后，涂覆在涤纶平纹织物表面，然后在水中水交换1~5min后，烘干。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于喷绘的聚酰胺56涂层织物的制备方法，其特征在于，所述溶剂为乙二醇，占浆料质量分数的73~79%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于喷绘的聚酰胺56涂层织物的制备方法，其特征在于，所述溶解助剂为氯化镁、氯化锌中的一种或几种，占浆料质量分数的10~15%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于喷绘的聚酰胺56涂层织物的制备方法，其特征在于，所述溶质为聚酰胺56，外观为纤维状或颗粒状，占浆料质量分数为5~10%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于喷绘的聚酰胺56涂层织物的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤中所述的升温降温过程为首先升温至103~105℃，保持15~30 min，再降温至80~90℃，保持10~15min，再升温至150~155℃，保持30~40min。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于喷绘的聚酰胺56涂层织物的制备方法，其特征在于，溶解时压强为1.1~1.3个大气压。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于喷绘的聚酰胺56涂层织物的制备方法，其特征在于，稀释的乙醇和甲醇比例为1:1。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于喷绘的聚酰胺56涂层织物的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的稳定剂为麦芽糊精，含量为浆料质量分数的1~3%。
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