CN1126929C - 液化天然气的改进串级致冷方法 - Google Patents

液化天然气的改进串级致冷方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN1126929C
CN1126929C CN98806437A CN98806437A CN1126929C CN 1126929 C CN1126929 C CN 1126929C CN 98806437 A CN98806437 A CN 98806437A CN 98806437 A CN98806437 A CN 98806437A CN 1126929 C CN1126929 C CN 1126929C
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
logistics
refrigerant
stream
methane
liquefaction
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CN98806437A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN1261430A (zh
Inventor
E·T·科尔
R·R·伯温
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ExxonMobil Upstream Research Co
Original Assignee
Exxon Production Research Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Exxon Production Research Co filed Critical Exxon Production Research Co
Publication of CN1261430A publication Critical patent/CN1261430A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN1126929C publication Critical patent/CN1126929C/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/06—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by partial condensation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
    • F25J1/0254—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation controlling particular process parameter, e.g. pressure, temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/3053—Fe as the principal constituent
    • B23K35/3066—Fe as the principal constituent with Ni as next major constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
    • B23K9/173—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a consumable electrode
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03006—Gas tanks
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/002—Storage in barges or on ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/14—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge constructed of aluminium; constructed of non-magnetic steel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/001—Thermal insulation specially adapted for cryogenic vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/025—Bulk storage in barges or on ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • F17C7/02—Discharging liquefied gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
    • F17D1/00—Pipe-line systems
    • F17D1/08—Pipe-line systems for liquids or viscous products
    • F17D1/082—Pipe-line systems for liquids or viscous products for cold fluids, e.g. liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0042—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by liquid expansion with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0205—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level SCR refrigeration cascade
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0229—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock
    • F25J1/0231—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock for the working-up of the hydrocarbon feed, e.g. reinjection of heavier hydrocarbons into the liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
    • F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
    • F25J1/0249—Controlling refrigerant inventory, i.e. composition or quantity
    • F25J1/025—Details related to the refrigerant production or treatment, e.g. make-up supply from feed gas itself
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0341—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid
    • F17C2227/0355—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid in a closed loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/02—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using simple phase separation in a vessel or drum
    • F25J2205/04—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using simple phase separation in a vessel or drum in the feed line, i.e. upstream of the fractionation step
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/50—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using absorption, i.e. with selective solvents or lean oil, heavier CnHm and including generally a regeneration step for the solvent or lean oil
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
    • F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
    • F25J2220/64—Separating heavy hydrocarbons, e.g. NGL, LPG, C4+ hydrocarbons or heavy condensates in general
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/08—Cold compressor, i.e. suction of the gas at cryogenic temperature and generally without afterstage-cooler
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/30—Compression of the feed stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/60—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams the fluid being hydrocarbons or a mixture of hydrocarbons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
    • F25J2245/90—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being boil-off gas from storage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/62—Details of storing a fluid in a tank

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用换热器液化富含甲烷的加压气流(10)以产生富含甲烷的液体产品(20)的方法，其中换热器由串级致冷系统冷却，液体产品温度高于约-112℃(-170)。在本方法中，加压气流(10)被引入到换热器中，与包括至少一个致冷级(30-31)的第一致冷剂循环(33)接触，用第一致冷剂的第一部分冷却气流以产生冷却的气流。然后，冷却的气流引入换热器中，与包括至少一个致冷级(37-39)的第二致冷剂循环(33)接触，进一步冷却已冷却的气流以产生液化的富含甲烷的物流(20)，其温度高于约-112℃(-170)，其压力足以使液体产品处于或低其泡点。

Description

液化天然气的改进串级致冷方法
发明领域
本发明涉及一种天然气液化方法，具体地说，涉及一种生产加压液体天然气(PLNG)的方法。
发明背景
由于天然气的干净的燃烧性质和便利性，近年来已被广泛使用。许多天然气源位于遥远的地区，距气体的工业市场有很长的距离。有时，可以利用管线将生产的天然气输送到工业市场。当管线输送不可行时，所生产的天然气通常被加工成液化天然气(以下称“LNG”)以输送到市场。
LNG工厂的一个区别特征是需要大的设备投资。用于液化天然气的设备通常十分昂贵。液化工厂是由几个基本系统组成的，包括处理气体以除去杂质、液化、致冷、动力设备、储存和装载设备。LNG工厂的成本可能随工厂的位置不同变化很大，通常，常规LNG工程可能花费50至100亿美元，包括土地开发成本。工厂的致冷系统可能占到总成本的30％。
在设计LNG工厂时，要考虑的三个主要方面是：(1)选择液化循环，(2)用于容器、管线和其它设备的材料，(3)将天然气进料物流转化成LNG的处理步骤。
由于液化天然气需要很大的制冷量(refrigeration)，所以LNG致冷系统是昂贵的。天然气通常是在约4,830kPa(700psia)至约7,600kPa(1,100psia)的压力和约20℃(68°F)至约40℃(104°F)的温度下进入LNG工厂。天然气主要是甲烷，与用作燃料的重质烃不同，简单加压是不能液化的。甲烷的临界温度是-82.5℃(-116°F)。这意味着不管施加的压力有多高，甲烷只有在这一温度以下才能液化。因为天然气是一种混合物，将在一个温度范围内液化。天然气的临界温度在约-85℃(-121°F)至-62℃(-80°F)之间。通常，在常压下，天然气组合物在约-165℃(-265°F)至-155℃(-247°F)液化。因为致冷设备占据了LNG设备成本中很重要的一部分，所以，人们致力于降低致冷成本。
尽管已有许多致冷循环用于液化天然气，但目前用于LNG工厂的三种典型循环是：(1)“膨胀机循环”，将气体从高压膨胀到低压，相应地降低温度，(2)“多组分致冷循环”，在特殊设计的换热器中使用多组分致冷剂，(3)“串级(cascade)循环”，在依次设置的换热器中使用多个单组分致冷剂以将气体温度降低到液化温度。大多数天然气液化循环使用这三种基本循环的改进或结合。
串级系统通常使用两个或多个致冷回路，其中来自一级的膨胀致冷剂在下一级中用于冷凝压缩的致冷剂。每一后续级使用较轻的、更具挥发性的致冷剂，当其膨胀时，提供了较低位的致冷，因此，可以冷却到较低的温度。为了减少压缩机所需的能量，每一致冷循环通常分成几个压力级(通常是三或四级)。压力级具有将致冷操作分成几个温度步骤的功能。丙烷、乙烷、乙烯和甲烷通常用作致冷剂。由于丙烷可以在相对低的压力下通过空气冷却器或水冷却器来冷凝，所以，丙烷通常是第一级致冷剂。乙烷和乙烯可以用作第二级致冷剂。冷凝从乙烷压缩机中排出的乙烷需要低温冷却剂。丙烷提供了这一低温冷却剂的功能。类似地，如果甲烷用作最后一级的冷却剂，则乙烷用于冷凝从甲烷压缩机中排出的甲烷。因此，丙烷致冷系统用于冷却气体进料和乙烷致冷剂，乙烷用于进一步冷却气体进料和甲烷致冷剂。
用于常规LNG工厂的材料也计算在工厂的成本内。用于LNG工厂的容器、管线、其它设备通常至少一部分是由铝、不锈钢、或高镍含量的钢构成，以在低温下提供必要的强度和断裂韧性。
在常规LNG工厂中，水、二氧化碳、如硫化氢和其它酸性气体的含硫化合物、正戊烷和包括苯的重质烃必须从天然气加工过程中除去，以达到百万分之几(ppm)的水平。这些化合物中的某些物质会冻结，从而在处理设备中引起堵塞问题。其它化合物，如含硫化合物，通常被除去以满足出售的规定。在常规的LNG工厂中，需要气体处理设备以除去二氧化碳和酸性气体。气体处理设备通常是使用化学和/或物理溶剂再生方法，需要投资大量资金。此外，操作费用也高。需要如分子筛的干燥床脱水器以除去水蒸汽。通常使用洗涤塔和分馏设备以除去可能产生堵塞问题的烃。由于汞会引起由铝构造的设备的故障，因此，在常规LNG工厂中也要除去。此外，在处理后，可能存在于天然气中的大部分氮气也要除去，因为在传统LNG输送过程中，氮气不会保留在液相中，从输送的观点看，在LNG容器中存在氮蒸汽是所不希望的。
在工业上需要一种改进的天然气液化方法，以使致冷设备和所需的能量最小。
发明概述
从整体上看，本发明涉及一种富含甲烷、起始压力高于约3,100kPa(450psia)的气流的液化方法。冷凝天然气的主要致冷由串级致冷循环，优选仅有两级的循环来完成。然后，利用适当的压力膨胀设备使天然气压力膨胀，以产生温度高于约-112℃(-170°F)、压力足以使液体处于或低于其泡点的富含甲烷的液体产品。
本发明方法也可以冷凝由加压液体天然气产生的沸腾(boil-off)蒸汽。如果天然气含有重于甲烷的烃，并且希望除去这些重质烃，可以在这一方法中增加分馏过程。本发明方法可以用于在供应储存或输送天然气的源地最初液化天然气，也可以用于储存和装载时产生的天然气蒸汽的再液化。因此，本发明的一个目的是液化或再液化天然气的改进液化系统。本发明的另一目的是提供一种改进的液化系统，所需的压缩能量比现有系统少得多。本发明的再一目的是提供一种操作经济而有效的改进液化系统。与本发明的生产PLNG的相对中等温度致冷相比，在非常低的温度下致冷的常规LNG方法是十分昂贵的。
附图简述
参照下面的详细说明和附图，可以更好地理解本发明的优点，其中附图是说明本发明实施方案的流程示意图。
图1是说明生产PLNG的本发明串级致冷系统的双循环流程示意图。
图2是说明冷凝沸腾气体和除去重质烃的本发明方法的第二方案的流程示意图。
图3是本发明第三方案的流程示意图。
附图中的流程图表示实施本发明方法的不同方案。附图不排除本发明范围内的其它实施方案，它们可以是这些特定方案的正常或预期改进的结果。为了简化和清楚的目的，从附图中省略了所需的各种次级系统，如泵、阀、物流混合器、控制系统、传感器等。优选方案的描述
本发明使用串级致冷系统来液化天然气，从而生产富含甲烷的液体产品，产品温度为高于约-112℃(-170°F)，压力足以使液体产品处于或低于其泡点。在本发明的描述中，富含甲烷的产品有时被称之为加压液体天然气(PLNG)。术语“泡点”是指液体开始转变成气体的温度和压力。例如，如果一定体积的PLNG保持在恒定的压力下，当其温度升高时，开始在PLNG中形成气泡的温度就是其泡点。类似地，如果一定体积的PLNG保持在恒定的温度下，当压力下降时，开始形成气泡的压力定义为泡点。在泡点下，混合物是饱和液体。
使用本发明的串级致冷系统，液化天然气所需要的能量比已有串级致冷系统少，用于本发明的设备可以用较便宜的材料制成。与此相反，现有方法在常压下生产温度低至-160℃(-256°F)的LNG，要求至少一部分处理设备由昂贵的材料制成以保证安全。
相对于常规LNG工厂所需的总能量，在本发明的实施中，液化天然气所需能量大大减少。本发明方法所需致冷能量的下降导致了资金成本的大幅度下降，成比例地降低了操作费用，提高了效率和可靠性，因此，大大增强了生产液化天然气的经济性能。
在本发明的操作压力和温度下，在液化过程的最冷操作区域的管线和设备中，可以使用约3.5％重量的镍钢，而在常规LNG过程中，需要使用更贵的9％重量的镍或铝钢。这样，与现有LNG方法相比，提供了另一明显的成本下降。
在低温天然气处理中首先要考虑的是污染问题。适合于本发明方法的粗天然气原料可以是从粗油井(结合气)或气井(非结合气)获得的天然气。天然气的组成可能在大范围内变动。在这里，天然气物流含有甲烷(C1)作为主要组分。天然气通常可以含有乙烷(C2)、重质烃(C3+)，以及少量的污染物，如水、二氧化碳、硫化氢、氮气、丁烷、六个或更多碳原子的烃、泥土、硫化铁、石蜡、原油。这些污染物的溶解度随温度、压力和组成而变化。在低温下，CO2、水和其它污染物可能形成固体，堵塞低温换热器中的流动通道。如果条件在它们的纯组分范围内，固相温度-压力相边界提前出现，通过除去这些污染可以避免这些潜在的困难。在本发明的以下描述中，假定天然气已经过适当的处理以除去硫化物和二氧化碳，并已使用常规的已知方法干燥以除去水分，产生了“完美、干燥”的天然气物流。如果天然气物流含有会在液化过程中冻结的重质烃，或如果重质烃在PLNG中是所不希望的，则重质烃可以在生产PLNG之前通过分馏方法除去，这将在下面详细描述。
本发明的一个优点是较高的操作温度，保证了天然气具有高于常规LNG方法的可冻结组分浓度。例如，在常规LNG工厂中，在-160℃(-256°F)的温度下生产LNG，CO2必须低于约50ppm以避免堵塞问题。与此相反，通过将过程的温度保持在约-112℃(-170°F)以上，在-112C(-170°F)时，天然气可以含有高至约1.4摩尔％的CO2，在-95℃(-139°F)时，可以含有约4.2摩尔％的CO2，在本发明的液化过程中不会发生冻结问题。
此外，在本发明方法中，天然气中含有中等量的氮气不必除去，因为在本发明的操作压力和温度下，氮气与液化的烃保持在液相状态。当天然气的组成允许时，减少或省略气体处理和排出氮气所需的设备，提供了很大的技术和经济上的优点。参看附图，可以更好地理解本发明的这些和其它优点。
参看图1，加压天然气进料物流10优选在高于约1,724kPa(250psia)，进一步优选高于约4,830kPa(700psia)的压力和优选低于约40℃(104°F)的温度下进入液化过程；然而，如果必要的话，可以使用不同的压力和温度，考虑到本发明的教导，本领域内的技术人员可以适当改进系统。如果气体物流10低于约1,724kPa(250psia)，可以使用适当的压缩装置(未示出)进行压缩，压缩装置可以包括一个或多个压缩机。
进料物流10被输送到一系列换热器中，优选两个换热器30和31中，被第一致冷循环32致冷。致冷循环32在换热器30和31中冷却进料物流10，并且在液化过程下游的第二致冷循环33中冷却致冷剂。致冷循环33在一系列换热器中，优选在三个换热器37、38和39中，进一步冷却天然气，如图1所示。致冷循环32和33的设计和操作对本领域技术人员来说是已知的，其详细操作方法可以在现有技术中找到。第一致冷循环32中的致冷剂优选为丙烷，第二致冷循环33中的致冷剂优选为乙烯。串级致冷系统的例子公开在US3596472；由在Austin，TX的德克萨斯大学的Petroleum Extension Service发行的《天然气的工厂加工》(1974)；以及Harper，E.A.等人的无故障LNG，化工工艺Vol.71，No.11(1975)中。
按照本发明，从最后一级换热器39中排出的液化天然气物流19的温度高于-112℃(-170°F)，压力足以使液体产品处于或低于其泡点。如果当物流10从第二致冷循环的最后一级排出时的压力高于将物流10保持为液相的压力，则物流10可以任选地通过一个或多个膨胀装置，如水轮机(hydraulic turbine)40，以产生低压PLNG产品，但其温度仍高于-112℃(-170°F)，其压力还足以保持液体产品处于或低于其泡点。然后，PLNG被输送(物流20)到合适的运输或储存装置41中，如合适的管线或如PLNG船、罐车或有轨车的输送器。
图2描述了本发明的另一方案，在本方案以及图1和图3所示方案中，用相同数字表示的部件具有相同的功能。然而本领域技术人员可以认识到，处理设备从一方案到另一方案可以在尺寸和容量上发生变化以处理不同的流体流量、温度和组成。参看图2，天然气进料物流经管线10进入系统，通过由第一致冷剂循环32致冷的换热器30和31。致冷循环32冷却进料物流10，并在第二致冷循环33中冷却致冷剂，第二致冷循环33在液化过程的更下游。
从最后一个换热器31排出后，进料气流10进入常规相分离器34。液体物流11从分离器底部排出，输送到常规脱甲烷塔35。脱甲烷塔产生富含甲烷的塔顶物流12，以及主要为天然气液体(NGL)的塔底物流13，主要包括乙烷、丙烷、丁烷、戊烷以及重质烃。脱甲烷塔塔底物流13被输送到常规分馏设备36，其普通操作对本领域技术人员是已知的。分馏设备36可以包括一个或多个分馏塔(在图2中未示出)，将液体塔底物流13分离成占优势量的乙烷、丙烷、丁烷、戊烷和己烷。这些液体作为冷凝产物从分馏设备36排放出去，由图2中的物流14表示。分馏设备36的塔顶物流富含乙烷和其它轻质烃。这些塔顶物流由图2中的物流15表示。分馏设备优选包括多个分馏塔(未示出)，如生产乙烷的脱乙烷塔，生产丙烷的脱丙烷塔，以及生产丁烷的脱丁烷塔，可以用作串级致冷系统(第一和第二致冷循环32和33)或其它适当致冷系统的补充致冷剂。致冷剂补充物流在图2中由物流16表示。
尽管在图2中未示出，但如果进料物流10含有高浓度的CO2，必须处理一股或多股致冷剂补充物流以回收CO2，从而避免致冷系统中的潜在堵塞问题，如果进料物流中的CO2浓度超过3摩尔％，分馏设备36优选包括CO2去除过程。
来自分离器34的富含甲烷的物流17、来自脱甲烷塔的富含甲烷的物流12、来自分馏设备36的物流15合并，并以物流18的形式输送到一系列换热器37、38和39中，以液化天然气。输入到换热器37、38和39中的制冷量由上述第二致冷循环33提供。尽管第一和第二致冷循环32和33中的致冷剂在闭合环路中循环，如果致冷剂由于泄漏而损失，可以从分馏设备36(物流16)中获得补充致冷剂。在图2所示的液化过程中，为了按本发明液化天然气流10，只需要两个循环的串级系统。
从最后一级换热器39中排出的液化天然气物流19通过一个或多个膨胀装置，如水轮机40，在高于约-112℃(-170°F)的温度和足以使液体处于或低于其泡点的压力下产生PLNG产品。然后，PLNG经管线被输送到合适的储存装置41中。
在储存、运输和处理液化天然气的过程中，可能存在大量“沸腾”，这些蒸汽是由液化天然气蒸发产生的。本发明特别适合于液化由PLNG产生的沸腾蒸汽。本发明方法可以任选地再液化沸腾蒸汽。参看图2，沸腾蒸汽可以经管线21引入到本发明过程中。任选地，物流21的一部分可以作为物流22排出，并被引导通过换热器42，使蒸汽物流18冷却，使沸腾气体升温，后者用作液化工厂的燃料。物流21的剩余部分通过常规压缩机43，将沸腾蒸汽压缩到接近蒸汽物流18的压力，然后与物流18合并。
图3描述了本发明的另一方案。图3所示方法类似于上述图2所示方法，不同的是物流18通过压缩机44，然后，压缩蒸汽物流18通过换热器5和46，这些换热器由第一致冷循环32的致冷剂所冷却，如图3所示。
如图3所示，在物流18被第一致冷循环32冷却之后，但在被第二致冷循环33冷却之前，沸腾气体可以任选地引入到物流18中。至少一部分沸腾蒸汽21用常规压缩机43压缩，压缩后的气体(物流23)被换热器42冷却，换热器42被物流22冷却，物流22从物流21中排出。物流22被换热器42加热后可以在液化工厂中用作燃料。
尽管图2和3表明，蒸汽被引入到液化过程的分馏级之后与第二致冷循环冷却级之前的某一点，在本发明实施中，沸腾蒸汽可以从任何一点引入到要在过程中液化的气流中—从换热器30之前至换热器39之后的任何一点，但在膨胀机40之前。
本发明不限于任何类型的换热器，但由于经济的原因，板翅式换热器和低温箱(cold box)换热器是优选的。优选地，被输送到换热器中的含有液相和气相的所有物流在它们进入的通道的横截面积上均匀分布液相和气相。必要时，可以在多相物流中增设分离器，以将物流分离成液体和蒸汽物流。这些分离器可以增设到图2和3所示过程的换热器38和39之前。
实施例
进行物料和能量平衡模拟，以说明附图所示方案，其结果列于下面的表中。
数据是使用市售过程模拟程序HYSYSTM获得的，然而，也可以使用其它市售过程模拟程序来获得数据，包括HYSIMTM、PROIITM和ASPENPLUSTM，对本领域的普通技术人员来说都是很熟悉的。表1中的数据用于更好地理解图1所示方案，但是本发明不受其不必要的限制。温度和流量不应考虑为对本发明的限制。从这里所公开的技术来看，它们可以有许多的变动。在这一方案中，第一致冷循环32是丙烷系统，第二致冷循环33是乙烯系统。
表2中的数据用于更好地理解图2所示方案。在这一方案中，第一致冷循环32是丙烷系统，第二致冷循环33是乙烯系统。
使用图1所示基本流程，并使用相同的进料物料组成和温度，生产常规LNG(在接近常压和-160℃(-256°F)下)所需的设备总能耗是使用图1所示方案生产PLNG所需设备总能耗的两倍多：生产LNG为177,927kW(238,600hP)，生产PLNG为75,839kW(101,700hp)。这一比较是使用HYSYSTM模拟器进行的。
本领域的技术人员，特别是获得了本专利教导的技术人员，将体会到上述方法的许多改进和变动。例如，根据系统的总体设计和气体进料的组成，按照本发明可以改变温度和压力。气体进料的冷却排列方式可以根据总体设计进行增补和重新构造，以满足最优而有效的换热要求。正如上面所讨论的，所公开的特定方案和实施例不应用于限制本发明的范围，这一范围由下面的权利要求及其等同物所确定。
表1
相 压力 温度 流量 组成，摩尔％
物流 汽/液 kPa psia ℃ °F kg摩尔/hr 1b摩尔/hr C1 C2 C3+ CO2 N2
10111213141516171819202122 V/LLVLLV/LLVVLLVV 5,5168,3795,3645,3781385,2953,3785,3785,2955,0192,8612,8272,827 80078077878020768490780768728415410410 4.434.4-34.4187.826.771.713.3-34..4-29.4-92.8-95.6-90.0-90.0 40-30-303708016156-30-21-135-140-130-130 36,7071,2854738175532242535,42236,12037,46937,4692,7241,375 80,9292,8331,0431,8011,2194945578,09679,63482,60982,6096,0073,031 92.638.1394.65.43019.54094.5894.1194.2994.2999.1199.11 3.99.613.6913.04046.612.733.693.963.843.840.460.46 2.4850.970.7380.0510033.8597.260.720.930.890.890.010.01 0.981.290.971.48000.010.970.960.940.940.280.28 0.0400.0100000.040.040.040.040.140.14
表1(续)
能耗
能耗hp 能耗kW
压缩机32，第一级32，第二级33，第一级33，第二级33，第三级4336膨胀机40泵36设备净能耗设备总能耗 18,00035,4003,30014,30029,00045060-1,20030 13,42326,3982,46110,66421,62633645-89522
99,300101,700 74,04975,839
表2
相 压力 温度 流量 组成，摩尔％
物流 汽/液 kPa psia ℃ °F kg摩尔/hr 1b摩尔/hr C1 C2 C3+ CO2 N2
1011121314151617181920212223 V/LLVLLV/LLVVLLVVV 5,5165,3785,3645,3781385,2953,3785,3785,2959,9972,8612,8272,82710,273 800780778780207684907807681,4504154104101,490 4.4-34.4-34.4220.026.773.913.3-34.4-33.3-87.8-95.6-90.0-90.0-3.3 40.0-30.0-30.0428.080.0165.056.0-30.0-28.0-126.0-140.0-130.0-130.026.0 36,7071,2854987875531944035,42236,11537,55437,5542,7241,2851,439 80,9292,8331,0981,7351,2194288878,09679,62382,79682,7966,0072,8333,173 92.638.1394.612.3508.574.5294.5894.1194.3194.3199.1199.1199.11 3.99.613.6913.36047.0932.873.693.933.793.790.460.460.46 2.4850.970.7282.810038.9162.60.720.930.890.890.010.010.01 0.981.290.971.4905.430.010.970.990.970.970.280.280.28 0.0400.0100000.040.040.040.040.140.140.14
表2(续)
能耗
能耗hp 能耗kW
压缩机32，第一级32，第二级33，第一级33，第二级33，第三级434436膨胀机40泵36设备净能耗设备总能耗 15,80035,1001,4007,60014,8001,10018,20030-3,90030 11,78226,1741,0445,66711,03782013,572220-2,908022
90,20098,000 67,26373,080

Claims (23)

1.一种富含甲烷的加压气流的液化方法，包括以下步骤：
(a)将气流引入换热器，与包括至少一个致冷级的第一致冷循环接触，其中，通过与第一致冷剂的第一部分换热，降低气流的温度以产生冷却气流；
(b)将冷却气流引入换热器，与包括至少一个致冷级的第二致冷循环接触，其中，通过与第二致冷剂换热，进一步降低冷却气流的温度以产生温度高于约-112℃(-170°F)的液化的富含甲烷的物流，所述第二致冷剂的沸点低于第一致冷剂的沸点，通过与第一致冷剂的第二部分换热，第二致冷剂被部分冷却和冷凝；和
(c)在高于约-112℃(-170°F)的温度和足以使液化物流处于或低于其泡点的压力下，将液化物流引入储存装置。
2.权利要求1的方法，进一步包括：将液化天然气在高于约-112℃(-170°F)的温度下蒸发所产生的沸腾气体输送到所述工艺过程中，沸腾气体至少部分地被液化工艺过程所液化。
3.权利要求2的方法，进一步包括：将沸腾气体分离成第一物流和第二物流，压缩第一物流，并将压缩的第一物流输送到液化工艺过程中的至少是第二致冷循环的最后一个冷却级之前，将所述第二物流输送到换热器中，使第二沸腾物流升温，并冷却天然气流，使用升温的第二沸腾物流作为燃料。
4.权利要求3的方法，包括：在第二致冷循环的最后一级之前，将沸腾气体的第一物流引入到气流中。
5.权利要求2的方法，进一步包括：将沸腾气体分离成第一物流和第二物流，压缩第一物流并将压缩的第一物流输送到换热器中，将第二物流输送通过换热器以加热第二物流和冷却压缩的第一物流，在第二致冷循环的最后一级之前，将冷却和压缩的第一物流引入到天然气流中。
6.权利要求1的方法，其中气流含有甲烷和重于甲烷的烃组分，进一步包括除去大部分重质烃以产生富含甲烷蒸汽流和富含重质烃的液体物流，蒸汽物流被权利要求1的方法所液化。
7.权利要求6的方法，其中富含重质烃的液体物流被进一步分馏以产生富含乙烷的蒸汽，与权利要求1的富含甲烷的物流合并。
8.权利要求1的方法，其中气流的液化是在仅有的两个封闭串级设置的致冷循环中进行的。
9.权利要求1的方法，其中气流含有甲烷和重于甲烷的烃组分，在步骤(a)后，进一步包括以下步骤：除去大部分重质烃以产生基本上不含具有三个或三个以上碳原子的重质烃的步骤，压缩蒸汽物流，在至少一个致冷级中用第一致冷剂循环中的第三部分致冷剂冷却气体物流，然后继续进行权利要求1的步骤(b)。
10.权利要求1的方法，其中压缩的富含甲烷气流的压力高于3,103kPa(450pisa)。
11.一种液化天然气流的方法，包括以下步骤：
(a)利用具有两个循环的串级致冷系统中的第一致冷循环，通过一个或多个换热器冷却天然气流；
(b)将冷却的天然气输送到相分离器，以产生第一蒸汽物流和液体物流；
(c)将液体天然气物流输送到脱甲烷塔以产生第二蒸汽物流和第二液体物流；
(d)将第二液体物流输送到分馏设备以产生冷凝产物、补充致冷剂和第三蒸汽物流；
(e)合并第一蒸汽物流、第二蒸汽物流和第三蒸汽物流，将合并的蒸汽物流输送到一个或多个换热器中，利用串级致冷系统的第二致冷循环进行冷却，至少一部分液化合并的蒸汽物流；(f)将步骤(e)中的合并的蒸汽物流输送到膨胀装置以产生液化的天然气，其温度高于约-112℃(-170°F)，其压力足以使液体产品处于或低其泡点。
12.一种富含甲烷的加压气流的液化方法，包括以下步骤：
(a)将气流引入换热器，与包括至少一个致冷级的第一致冷循环接触，其中，通过与第一致冷剂的第一部分换热，降低气流的温度以产生冷却气流；
(b)将冷却气流引入换热器，与包括至少一个致冷级的第二致冷循环接触，其中，通过与第二致冷剂换热，进一步降低冷却气流的温度，由此冷凝至少一部分所述气流并产生温度高于约-112℃(-170°F)的液化的富含甲烷的物流，所述第二致冷剂的沸点低于第一致冷剂的沸点，通过与第一致冷剂的第二部分换热，第二致冷剂被部分冷却和冷凝；和
(c)在高于约-112℃(-170°F)的温度和足以使液化物流处于或低于其泡点的压力下，将液化物流引入运输装置。
13.权利要求12的方法，进一步包括膨胀由步骤(b)产生的气流的液化部分，以降低所述液化物流的温度和压力。
14.一种富含甲烷的加压气流的液化方法，包括以下步骤：
(a)将气流引入换热器，与包括至少一个致冷级的第一致冷循环接触，其中，通过与第一致冷剂的第一部分换热，降低气流的温度以产生冷却气流；
(b)将冷却气流引入换热器，与包括至少一个致冷级的第二致冷循环接触，其中，通过与第二致冷剂换热，进一步降低冷却气流的温度，所述第二致冷剂的沸点低于第一致冷剂的沸点，通过与第一致冷剂的第二部分换热，第二致冷剂被部分冷却和冷凝；
(c)膨胀在步骤(b)中冷却的气流以在高于约-112℃(-170°F)的温度和足以使液化物流处于或低于其泡点的压力下生产液体物流；
(d)在高于约-112℃(-170°F)的温度下，将液化物流引入储存或运输装置。
15.权利要求14的方法，进一步包括：将液化天然气在高于约-112℃(-170°F)的温度下蒸发所产生的沸腾气体输送到所述工艺过程中，沸腾气体至少部分地被液化工艺过程所液化。
16.权利要求15的方法，进一步包括：将沸腾气体分离成第一物流和第二物流，压缩第一物流，并将压缩的第一物流输送到液化工艺过程中的至少是第二致冷循环的最后一个冷却级之前，将所述第二物流输送到换热器中，使第二沸腾物流升温，并冷却天然气流，使用升温的第二沸腾物流作为燃料。
17.权利要求16的方法，包括：在第二致冷循环的最后一级之前，将沸腾气体的第一物流引入到气流中。
18.权利要求16的方法，进一步包括：将沸腾气体分离成第一物流和第二物流，压缩第一物流并将压缩的第一物流输送到换热器中，将第二物流输送通过换热器以加热第二物流和冷却压缩的第一物流，在第二致冷循环的最后一级之前，将冷却和压缩的第一物流引入到天然气流中。
19.权利要求14的方法，其中气流含有甲烷和重于甲烷的烃组分，进一步包括除去大部分重质烃以产生富含甲烷蒸汽流和富含重质烃的液体物流，蒸汽物流被权利要求14的方法所液化。
20.权利要求19的方法，其中富含重质烃的液体物流被进一步分馏以产生富含乙烷的蒸汽，与权利要求14的富含甲烷的物流合并。
21.权利要求14的方法，其中气流的液化是在仅有的两个封闭串级设置的致冷循环中进行的。
22.权利要求14的方法，其中气流含有甲烷和重于甲烷的烃组分，在步骤(a)后，进一步包括以下步骤：除去大部分重质烃以产生基本上不含具有三个或三个以上碳原子的重质烃的步骤，压缩蒸汽物流，在至少一个致冷级中用第一致冷剂循环中的第三部分致冷剂冷却气体物流，然后继续进行权利要求14的步骤(b)。
23.权利要求14的方法，其中压缩的富含甲烷气流的压力高于3,103kPa(450pisa)。
CN98806437A 1997-06-20 1998-06-18 液化天然气的改进串级致冷方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1126929C (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US5028097P 1997-06-20 1997-06-20
US7968098P 1998-03-27 1998-03-27
US60/079,680 1998-03-27
US60/050,280 1998-05-14

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN1261430A CN1261430A (zh) 2000-07-26
CN1126929C true CN1126929C (zh) 2003-11-05

Family

ID=26728102

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN98806437A Expired - Fee Related CN1126929C (zh) 1997-06-20 1998-06-18 液化天然气的改进串级致冷方法

Country Status (39)

Country Link
US (1) US6016665A (zh)
EP (1) EP1021690A4 (zh)
JP (1) JP4544652B2 (zh)
KR (1) KR100338882B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN1126929C (zh)
AR (1) AR012254A1 (zh)
AT (1) AT413601B (zh)
AU (1) AU738861B2 (zh)
BG (1) BG64011B1 (zh)
BR (1) BR9810221A (zh)
CA (1) CA2292710C (zh)
CH (1) CH694104A5 (zh)
CO (1) CO5040205A1 (zh)
CZ (1) CZ299016B6 (zh)
DE (1) DE19882492T1 (zh)
DK (1) DK174801B1 (zh)
DZ (1) DZ2534A1 (zh)
ES (1) ES2170629B2 (zh)
FI (1) FI19992706A (zh)
GB (1) GB2346954B (zh)
HU (1) HU222696B1 (zh)
ID (1) ID24478A (zh)
IL (1) IL133337A (zh)
MY (1) MY114064A (zh)
NO (1) NO312263B1 (zh)
NZ (1) NZ502044A (zh)
OA (1) OA11268A (zh)
PE (1) PE43999A1 (zh)
PL (1) PL189284B1 (zh)
RO (1) RO118483B1 (zh)
RU (1) RU2204094C2 (zh)
SE (1) SE518777C2 (zh)
SK (1) SK178799A3 (zh)
TN (1) TNSN98095A1 (zh)
TR (1) TR199903170T2 (zh)
TW (1) TW366410B (zh)
UA (1) UA49072C2 (zh)
WO (1) WO1998059207A1 (zh)
YU (1) YU67599A (zh)

Families Citing this family (67)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TW359736B (en) * 1997-06-20 1999-06-01 Exxon Production Research Co Systems for vehicular, land-based distribution of liquefied natural gas
US6446465B1 (en) * 1997-12-11 2002-09-10 Bhp Petroleum Pty, Ltd. Liquefaction process and apparatus
TW436597B (en) * 1997-12-19 2001-05-28 Exxon Production Research Co Process components, containers, and pipes suitable for containign and transporting cryogenic temperature fluids
US6289500B1 (en) * 1998-03-11 2001-09-11 International Business Machines Corporation Object mechanism and method that creates domain-neutral objects with domain-specific run-time extensions in an appropriate collection
MY117548A (en) * 1998-12-18 2004-07-31 Exxon Production Research Co Dual multi-component refrigeration cycles for liquefaction of natural gas
TW446800B (en) 1998-12-18 2001-07-21 Exxon Production Research Co Process for unloading pressurized liquefied natural gas from containers
US6237347B1 (en) 1999-03-31 2001-05-29 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Method for loading pressurized liquefied natural gas into containers
US6202424B1 (en) * 1999-10-29 2001-03-20 Mayekawa Mfg. Co., Ltd. System for compressing contaminated gas
MY122625A (en) 1999-12-17 2006-04-29 Exxonmobil Upstream Res Co Process for making pressurized liquefied natural gas from pressured natural gas using expansion cooling
GB0006265D0 (en) * 2000-03-15 2000-05-03 Statoil Natural gas liquefaction process
US6401486B1 (en) 2000-05-18 2002-06-11 Rong-Jwyn Lee Enhanced NGL recovery utilizing refrigeration and reflux from LNG plants
US6510706B2 (en) 2000-05-31 2003-01-28 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Process for NGL recovery from pressurized liquid natural gas
TW573112B (en) 2001-01-31 2004-01-21 Exxonmobil Upstream Res Co Process of manufacturing pressurized liquid natural gas containing heavy hydrocarbons
FR2821351B1 (fr) * 2001-02-26 2003-05-16 Technip Cie Procede de recuperation d'ethane, mettant en oeuvre un cycle de refrigeration utilisant un melange d'au moins deux fluides refrigerants, gaz obtenus par ce procede, et installation de mise en oeuvre
US6412302B1 (en) * 2001-03-06 2002-07-02 Abb Lummus Global, Inc. - Randall Division LNG production using dual independent expander refrigeration cycles
US6526777B1 (en) * 2001-04-20 2003-03-04 Elcor Corporation LNG production in cryogenic natural gas processing plants
US6742358B2 (en) * 2001-06-08 2004-06-01 Elkcorp Natural gas liquefaction
UA76750C2 (uk) * 2001-06-08 2006-09-15 Елккорп Спосіб зрідження природного газу (варіанти)
JP2004536176A (ja) 2001-06-29 2004-12-02 エクソンモービル アップストリーム リサーチ カンパニー メタン豊富な加圧液体混合物からエタン及びより重い炭化水素を回収する方法
US6560988B2 (en) 2001-07-20 2003-05-13 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Unloading pressurized liquefied natural gas into standard liquefied natural gas storage facilities
US6564578B1 (en) 2002-01-18 2003-05-20 Bp Corporation North America Inc. Self-refrigerated LNG process
US6647744B2 (en) 2002-01-30 2003-11-18 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Processes and systems for liquefying natural gas
US6751985B2 (en) 2002-03-20 2004-06-22 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Process for producing a pressurized liquefied gas product by cooling and expansion of a gas stream in the supercritical state
US6658890B1 (en) 2002-11-13 2003-12-09 Conocophillips Company Enhanced methane flash system for natural gas liquefaction
US7769650B2 (en) * 2002-12-03 2010-08-03 Jp Morgan Chase Bank Network-based sub-allocation systems and methods for swaps
JP4912564B2 (ja) * 2003-11-18 2012-04-11 日揮株式会社 ガス液化プラント
US7866184B2 (en) * 2004-06-16 2011-01-11 Conocophillips Company Semi-closed loop LNG process
BRPI0512744A (pt) * 2004-07-01 2008-04-08 Ortloff Engineers Ltd processamento de gás natural liquefeito
CA2574893A1 (en) * 2004-07-27 2006-03-02 Jp Morgan Chase Bank System and method for measuring communication-system infrastructure usage
RU2382962C2 (ru) * 2004-08-06 2010-02-27 Бп Корпорейшн Норт Америка Инк. Способ сжижения природного газа (варианты)
NO20051315L (no) * 2005-03-14 2006-09-15 Hamworthy Kse Gas Systems As System og metode for kjoling av en BOG strom
JP5155147B2 (ja) 2005-03-16 2013-02-27 フュエルコア エルエルシー 合成炭化水素化合物を生成するためのシステム、方法、および組成物
US20070157663A1 (en) * 2005-07-07 2007-07-12 Fluor Technologies Corporation Configurations and methods of integrated NGL recovery and LNG liquefaction
CN101460800B (zh) * 2006-06-02 2012-07-18 奥特洛夫工程有限公司 液化天然气的处理
US9869510B2 (en) * 2007-05-17 2018-01-16 Ortloff Engineers, Ltd. Liquefied natural gas processing
KR100929097B1 (ko) * 2008-03-17 2009-11-30 현대중공업 주식회사 액화석유가스의 연료가스 공급용 예열장치와 액화천연가스생산용 예냉장치를 통합한 열교환기를 가지는 액화천연가스생산설비
KR100925658B1 (ko) * 2008-03-17 2009-11-09 현대중공업 주식회사 액화천연가스의 연료가스 공급용 예열장치와 액화천연가스생산용 예냉장치를 통합한 열교환기를 가지는 액화천연가스생산설비
KR100929095B1 (ko) * 2008-04-07 2009-11-30 현대중공업 주식회사 연료가스 공급과 액화 천연가스 생산이 동시에 가능한 액화천연가스 생산 장치
US20090282865A1 (en) 2008-05-16 2009-11-19 Ortloff Engineers, Ltd. Liquefied Natural Gas and Hydrocarbon Gas Processing
US8381544B2 (en) * 2008-07-18 2013-02-26 Kellogg Brown & Root Llc Method for liquefaction of natural gas
KR100918201B1 (ko) 2008-11-17 2009-09-21 대우조선해양 주식회사 천연가스 발열량 저감방법 및 장치
US20100287982A1 (en) * 2009-05-15 2010-11-18 Ortloff Engineers, Ltd. Liquefied Natural Gas and Hydrocarbon Gas Processing
US8434325B2 (en) 2009-05-15 2013-05-07 Ortloff Engineers, Ltd. Liquefied natural gas and hydrocarbon gas processing
US8011191B2 (en) 2009-09-30 2011-09-06 Thermo Fisher Scientific (Asheville) Llc Refrigeration system having a variable speed compressor
CN102115683A (zh) * 2009-12-30 2011-07-06 中国科学院理化技术研究所 一种生产液化天然气的方法
RU2443851C1 (ru) * 2010-06-15 2012-02-27 Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Государственный университет управления" Комплекс оборудования для отработки газовых месторождений
SG184493A1 (en) * 2010-10-15 2012-11-29 Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Method for producing pressurized liquefied natural gas, and production system used in same
KR101106089B1 (ko) * 2011-03-11 2012-01-18 대우조선해양 주식회사 고압 천연가스 분사 엔진을 위한 연료 공급 방법
CN102425899B (zh) * 2011-11-03 2014-01-01 苏州市兴鲁空分设备科技发展有限公司 低温装置中低温冷冻机的使用方法
US9696086B2 (en) * 2014-01-28 2017-07-04 Dresser-Rand Company System and method for the production of liquefied natural gas
US10436505B2 (en) 2014-02-17 2019-10-08 Black & Veatch Holding Company LNG recovery from syngas using a mixed refrigerant
US10443930B2 (en) 2014-06-30 2019-10-15 Black & Veatch Holding Company Process and system for removing nitrogen from LNG
US9863697B2 (en) * 2015-04-24 2018-01-09 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Integrated methane refrigeration system for liquefying natural gas
KR101613236B1 (ko) * 2015-07-08 2016-04-18 대우조선해양 주식회사 엔진을 포함하는 선박 및 이에 적용되는 증발가스 재액화 방법
US10443927B2 (en) 2015-09-09 2019-10-15 Black & Veatch Holding Company Mixed refrigerant distributed chilling scheme
WO2017101968A1 (en) * 2015-12-14 2017-06-22 Volvo Truck Corporation A gas tank arrangement
WO2017177317A1 (en) 2016-04-11 2017-10-19 Geoff Rowe A system and method for liquefying production gas from a gas source
WO2017214723A1 (en) 2016-06-13 2017-12-21 Geoff Rowe System, method and apparatus for the regeneration of nitrogen energy within a closed loop cryogenic system
US10551119B2 (en) 2016-08-26 2020-02-04 Ortloff Engineers, Ltd. Hydrocarbon gas processing
US10533794B2 (en) 2016-08-26 2020-01-14 Ortloff Engineers, Ltd. Hydrocarbon gas processing
US10551118B2 (en) 2016-08-26 2020-02-04 Ortloff Engineers, Ltd. Hydrocarbon gas processing
US11428465B2 (en) 2017-06-01 2022-08-30 Uop Llc Hydrocarbon gas processing
US11543180B2 (en) 2017-06-01 2023-01-03 Uop Llc Hydrocarbon gas processing
EP3841344A1 (en) * 2018-08-22 2021-06-30 ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company Primary loop start-up method for a high pressure expander process
CN109556984B (zh) * 2018-12-07 2021-08-31 合肥通用机械研究院有限公司 快速充气预冷系统及其使用方法
US11561043B2 (en) 2019-05-23 2023-01-24 Bcck Holding Company System and method for small scale LNG production
EP3907453A1 (fr) 2020-05-07 2021-11-10 Cryocollect Dispositif de refroidissement pour installation de liquéfaction de gaz

Family Cites Families (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3298805A (en) * 1962-07-25 1967-01-17 Vehoc Corp Natural gas for transport
GB1181049A (en) * 1967-12-20 1970-02-11 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Process for the Liquifaction of Natural Gas
US3477509A (en) * 1968-03-15 1969-11-11 Exxon Research Engineering Co Underground storage for lng
US3581511A (en) * 1969-07-15 1971-06-01 Inst Gas Technology Liquefaction of natural gas using separated pure components as refrigerants
US3763658A (en) * 1970-01-12 1973-10-09 Air Prod & Chem Combined cascade and multicomponent refrigeration system and method
DE2110417A1 (de) * 1971-03-04 1972-09-21 Linde Ag Verfahren zum Verfluessigen und Unterkuehlen von Erdgas
US3763358A (en) * 1971-10-21 1973-10-02 D Cargille Interweaved matrix updating coordinate converter
US3970441A (en) * 1973-07-17 1976-07-20 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Cascaded refrigeration cycles for liquefying low-boiling gaseous mixtures
US4057972A (en) * 1973-09-14 1977-11-15 Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Fractional condensation of an NG feed with two independent refrigeration cycles
GB1572898A (en) * 1976-04-21 1980-08-06 Shell Int Research Process for the liquefaction of natural gas
DE2820212A1 (de) * 1978-05-09 1979-11-22 Linde Ag Verfahren zum verfluessigen von erdgas
GB2052717B (en) * 1979-06-26 1983-08-10 British Gas Corp Storage and transport of liquefiable gases
JPS57204784A (en) * 1981-06-12 1982-12-15 Hajime Nishimura Manufacture of low-temperature liquefied gas
GB2106623B (en) * 1981-06-19 1984-11-07 British Gas Corp Liquifaction and storage of gas
US4430103A (en) * 1982-02-24 1984-02-07 Phillips Petroleum Company Cryogenic recovery of LPG from natural gas
US4445916A (en) * 1982-08-30 1984-05-01 Newton Charles L Process for liquefying methane
US4504296A (en) * 1983-07-18 1985-03-12 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Double mixed refrigerant liquefaction process for natural gas
US4548629A (en) * 1983-10-11 1985-10-22 Exxon Production Research Co. Process for the liquefaction of natural gas
US4541852A (en) * 1984-02-13 1985-09-17 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Deep flash LNG cycle
US4680041A (en) * 1985-12-30 1987-07-14 Phillips Petroleum Company Method for cooling normally gaseous material
JP2637611B2 (ja) * 1990-07-04 1997-08-06 三菱重工業株式会社 Ｎｇｌまたはｌｐｇの回収方法
GB9103622D0 (en) * 1991-02-21 1991-04-10 Ugland Eng Unprocessed petroleum gas transport
US5287703A (en) * 1991-08-16 1994-02-22 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Process for the recovery of C2 + or C3 + hydrocarbons
FR2681859B1 (fr) * 1991-09-30 1994-02-11 Technip Cie Fse Etudes Const Procede de liquefaction de gaz naturel.
US5473900A (en) * 1994-04-29 1995-12-12 Phillips Petroleum Company Method and apparatus for liquefaction of natural gas
FR2725503B1 (fr) * 1994-10-05 1996-12-27 Inst Francais Du Petrole Procede et installation de liquefaction du gaz naturel
NO180469B1 (no) * 1994-12-08 1997-05-12 Statoil Petroleum As Fremgangsmåte og system for fremstilling av flytendegjort naturgass til havs
US5626034A (en) * 1995-11-17 1997-05-06 Manley; David Mixed refrigerants in ethylene recovery
US5746066A (en) * 1996-09-17 1998-05-05 Manley; David B. Pre-fractionation of cracked gas or olefins fractionation by one or two mixed refrigerant loops and cooling water

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE9904515D0 (sv) 1999-12-10
HUP0002816A2 (hu) 2000-12-28
MY114064A (en) 2002-07-31
CH694104A5 (de) 2004-07-15
FI19992706A (fi) 1999-12-16
CZ9904557A3 (en) 2001-05-16
NZ502044A (en) 2000-09-29
SE9904515L (sv) 1999-12-10
SE518777C2 (sv) 2002-11-19
DK199901820A (da) 1999-12-20
NO996327L (no) 2000-02-21
CZ299016B6 (cs) 2008-04-02
SK178799A3 (en) 2000-11-07
YU67599A (sh) 2001-07-10
AU7978798A (en) 1999-01-04
PL337425A1 (en) 2000-08-14
GB2346954A (en) 2000-08-23
DZ2534A1 (fr) 2003-02-08
TR199903170T2 (xx) 2000-03-21
OA11268A (en) 2003-07-30
DE19882492T1 (de) 2000-05-31
WO1998059207A1 (en) 1998-12-30
PE43999A1 (es) 1999-05-24
JP4544652B2 (ja) 2010-09-15
BG64011B1 (bg) 2003-09-30
NO996327D0 (no) 1999-12-20
IL133337A0 (en) 2001-04-30
DK174801B1 (da) 2003-11-24
CA2292710A1 (en) 1998-12-30
ATA907898A (de) 2005-08-15
UA49072C2 (uk) 2002-09-16
ES2170629A1 (es) 2002-08-01
AU738861B2 (en) 2001-09-27
EP1021690A1 (en) 2000-07-26
AR012254A1 (es) 2000-09-27
US6016665A (en) 2000-01-25
TNSN98095A1 (fr) 2000-12-29
CO5040205A1 (es) 2001-05-29
ID24478A (id) 2000-07-20
BR9810221A (pt) 2000-08-08
AT413601B (de) 2006-04-15
EP1021690A4 (en) 2002-05-15
NO312263B1 (no) 2002-04-15
GB9930045D0 (en) 2000-02-09
JP2002510382A (ja) 2002-04-02
KR100338882B1 (ko) 2002-05-30
CA2292710C (en) 2008-11-18
GB2346954B (en) 2001-07-25
CN1261430A (zh) 2000-07-26
RO118483B1 (ro) 2003-05-30
PL189284B1 (pl) 2005-07-29
TW366410B (en) 1999-08-11
KR20010014040A (ko) 2001-02-26
HUP0002816A3 (en) 2001-02-28
IL133337A (en) 2003-05-29
ES2170629B2 (es) 2004-05-16
RU2204094C2 (ru) 2003-05-10
BG104002A (en) 2000-12-29
HU222696B1 (hu) 2003-09-29

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN1126929C (zh) 液化天然气的改进串级致冷方法
CN1131982C (zh) 用于液化天然气的改进的多组分致冷方法
CN1126928C (zh) 液化天然气的改进方法
CN1171063C (zh) 液化包含至少一种可凝固组分的天然气物流的方法
KR100350934B1 (ko) 가스 액화용 이원 혼합 냉매 사이클
CN100417903C (zh) 低温天然气加工设施中用于液化天然气的方法和设备
RU2224961C2 (ru) Способ удаления летучих компонентов из природного газа
US5139547A (en) Production of liquid nitrogen using liquefied natural gas as sole refrigerant
EP0358100A2 (en) Reliquefaction of boil-off from liquefied natural gas
MXPA97003373A (es) Produccion de gas natural liquido en plantas deprocesamiento de gas natural criogenico
KR20080006571A (ko) 천연 가스 스트림의 액화 방법 및 장치
EP1936307A1 (en) Method and apparatus for cooling a hydrocarbon stream
MXPA99011347A (es) Proceso de refrigeracion en cascada mejorado paralicuefaccion de gas natural
MXPA99011424A (en) Improved multi-component refrigeration process for liquefaction of natural gas

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
C14 Grant of patent or utility model
GR01 Patent grant
C19 Lapse of patent right due to non-payment of the annual fee
CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee