CN112690331A - 一种坚果炒货类食品的杀虫杀菌方法 - Google Patents
一种坚果炒货类食品的杀虫杀菌方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 230000000749 insecticidal effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 14
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 title description 9
- 235000014571 nuts Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000002147 killing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
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- 235000020234 walnut Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000144725 Amygdalus communis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000018330 Macadamia integrifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000000912 Macadamia tetraphylla Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000003800 Macadamia tetraphylla Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000006711 Pistacia vera Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000003447 Pistacia vera Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000020224 almond Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011437 Amygdalus communis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000009025 Carya illinoensis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000068645 Carya illinoensis Species 0.000 claims description 2
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- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 abstract description 9
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 9
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- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 7
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B9/00—Preservation of edible seeds, e.g. cereals
- A23B9/10—Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B9/00—Preservation of edible seeds, e.g. cereals
- A23B9/02—Preserving by heating
- A23B9/04—Preserving by heating by irradiation or electric treatment
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种坚果炒货类食品的杀虫杀菌方法,涉及坚果加工技术领域,包括以下步骤:将采收的坚果原料经晾晒、挑选处理后,然后冷冻处理,再将冷冻后的坚果原料采用微波加热进行杀虫杀菌处理。本发明在采用微波加热杀虫杀菌处理之前,先对坚果原料进行冷冻处理,从而改善微波加热过程中存在的加热不均匀性的问题,进而有效杀灭坚果果实中的微生物和虫卵等病虫害,杀灭效果好;且采用冷冻和微波加热相结合的方式进行杀虫杀菌,缩短微波处理时间,避免产品变色等问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及坚果加工技术领域,尤其涉及一种坚果炒货类食品的杀虫杀菌方法。
背景技术
坚果,是闭果的一个分类,其果皮坚硬,内含1粒或者多粒种子,如板栗,杏仁等的果实。坚果是植物的精华部分,其营养全面、丰富,含蛋白质、油脂、矿物质、维生素较高,对人体生长发育、增强体质、预防疾病有极好的功效,常食对心脏病、癌症、血管病有预防和治疗作用,同时还可明目健脑。
作为一种农副产品,坚果在种植和储藏过程中表皮及内部难免会感染虫菌病害,尤其是部分坚果中淀粉、油脂等成分含量高,为害虫和霉菌提供了良好的生存环境,坚果果实中的内源性虫卵会在后期条件适宜时孵化,从而对此类农副产品原料及产品造成较大的损失。
目前,坚果炒货类食品主要是通过烘烤、熏蒸、烫漂、高温杀菌、添加防腐剂等手段来杀灭原料中的虫卵,然后上述工艺常存在以下问题:一是不能充分杀灭原料内部的内源性虫卵,从而导致产品储存流通过程中易发生此生虫害,造成严重的经济损失;二是往往会影响食品的原有风味和营养成分。
发明内容
基于背景技术存在的技术问题,本发明提出了一种坚果炒货类食品的杀虫杀菌方法,是在采用微波加热杀虫杀菌处理之前,先对坚果原料进行冷冻处理,该方法对于果实中的微生物和虫卵等病虫害杀灭效果好。
本发明提出的一种坚果炒货类食品的杀虫杀菌方法,包括以下步骤:将采收的坚果原料经晾晒、挑选处理后,然后冷冻处理,再将冷冻后的坚果原料采用微波加热进行杀虫杀菌处理。
优选地,所述坚果原料包括碧根果、夏威夷果、开心果、核桃、巴旦木、瓜蒌子中的任意一种。
优选地,坚果原料经晾晒、挑选处理后控制水分含量在13%以内,然后于-18~-20℃的冷冻柜中冷冻处理2~4h。
优选地,所述微波加热的温度为60~70℃,加热时间为2~3min。
优选地,所述微波功率为4~5kW。
有益效果:本发明提出了一种坚果炒货类食品的杀虫杀菌方法,在采用微波加热杀虫杀菌处理之前,先对坚果原料进行冷冻处理,使得果实中的水分子冷冻膨胀,再在微波加热下吸热,从而改善微波加热过程中存在的加热不均匀性的问题,进而有效杀灭坚果果实中的微生物和虫卵等病虫害,杀灭效果好;且采用冷冻和微波加热相结合的方式进行杀虫杀菌,缩短微波处理时间,避免产品变色等问题。采用本发明方法能够有效降低储存流通过程中的此生虫害问题,且该方法不改变坚果原有风味。
具体实施方式
下面,通过具体实施例对本发明的技术方案进行详细说明。
实施例1
本发明提出的一种坚果炒货类食品的杀虫杀菌方法,包括以下步骤:将采收的坚果原料—瓜蒌子经晾晒、挑选处理后控制水分含量在13%以内,然后于-18℃的冷冻柜中冷冻处理3h,再将冷冻后的坚果原料采用微波加热进行杀虫杀菌处理,微波加热的温度为60℃,加热时间为2min,微波功率为4kW。
实施例2
本发明提出的一种坚果炒货类食品的杀虫杀菌方法,包括以下步骤:将采收的坚果原料—纸皮核桃经晾晒、挑选处理后控制水分含量在13%以内,然后于-20℃的冷冻柜中冷冻处理3h,再将冷冻后的坚果原料采用微波加热进行杀虫杀菌处理,微波加热的温度为60℃,加热时间为3min,微波功率为4kW。
实施例3
本发明提出的一种坚果炒货类食品的杀虫杀菌方法,包括以下步骤:将采收的坚果原料—夏威夷果经晾晒、挑选处理后控制水分含量在13%以内,然后于-18℃的冷冻柜中冷冻处理4h,再将冷冻后的坚果原料采用微波加热进行杀虫杀菌处理,微波加热的温度为70℃,加热时间为3min,微波功率为4kW。
实施例4
本发明提出的一种坚果炒货类食品的杀虫杀菌方法,包括以下步骤:将采收的坚果原料—开心果经晾晒、挑选处理后控制水分含量在13%以内,然后于-20℃的冷冻柜中冷冻处理3h,再将冷冻后的坚果原料采用微波加热进行杀虫杀菌处理,微波加热的温度为65℃,加热时间为2.5min,微波功率为5kW。
对比例1
相较于实施例1,区别仅在于不经冷冻处理,具体步骤如下:将采收的坚果原料—瓜蒌子经晾晒、挑选处理后控制水分含量在13%以内,然后采用微波加热进行杀虫杀菌处理,微波加热的温度为60℃,加热时间为2min,微波功率为4kW。
对比例2
相较于实施例2,区别仅在于不经冷冻处理,具体步骤如下:将采收的坚果原料—纸皮核桃经晾晒、挑选处理后控制水分含量在13%以内,然后采用微波加热进行杀虫杀菌处理,微波加热的温度为60℃,加热时间为3min,微波功率为4kW。
分别采用本发明实施例1-4和对比例1-2中的杀虫杀菌方法对坚果原料进行加工处理,然后放置30d、60d、180d、240d,对其生虫率分别进行测定;其中,每组坚果处理量为1000kg,且实施例1和对比例1、实施例2和对比例2中的坚果原料无显著性差异。结果如表1所示。
表1实施例1-4和对比例1-2中的生虫率数据
30d生虫率/% | 60d生虫率/% | 180d生虫率/% | 240d生虫率/% | |
实施例1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
实施例2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
实施例3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
实施例4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
对比例1 | 0 | 0.8 | 1.4 | 1.8 |
对比例2 | 0 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 3.1 |
从表1中可以看出,采用本发明方法对于坚果果实中的虫、卵有很好的杀灭效果,后期储藏过程中不易发生次生虫害,而对比例中则不能完全有效的杀灭。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.一种坚果炒货类食品的杀虫杀菌方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:将采收的坚果原料经晾晒、挑选处理后,然后冷冻处理,再将冷冻后的坚果原料采用微波加热进行杀虫杀菌处理。
2.根据权利要求1所述的坚果炒货类食品的杀虫杀菌方法,其特征在于,所述坚果原料包括碧根果、夏威夷果、开心果、核桃、巴旦木、瓜蒌子中的任意一种。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的坚果炒货类食品的杀虫杀菌方法,其特征在于,坚果原料经晾晒、挑选处理后控制水分含量在13%以内,然后于-18~-20℃的冷冻柜中冷冻处理2~4h。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的坚果炒货类食品的杀虫杀菌方法,其特征在于,所述微波加热的温度为60~70℃,加热时间为2~3min。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的坚果炒货类食品的杀虫杀菌方法,其特征在于,所述微波功率为4~5kW。
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN113068739A (zh) * | 2021-05-12 | 2021-07-06 | 广西科学院 | 一种薏仁的微波处理方法 |
CN114145285A (zh) * | 2021-10-25 | 2022-03-08 | 武汉天择食品科技有限公司 | 坚果灭虫筛选系统及灭虫筛选方法 |
CN114982928A (zh) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-09-02 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | 一种鲜食澳洲坚果及其加工方法和贮藏方法 |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113068739A (zh) * | 2021-05-12 | 2021-07-06 | 广西科学院 | 一种薏仁的微波处理方法 |
CN114145285A (zh) * | 2021-10-25 | 2022-03-08 | 武汉天择食品科技有限公司 | 坚果灭虫筛选系统及灭虫筛选方法 |
CN114982928A (zh) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-09-02 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | 一种鲜食澳洲坚果及其加工方法和贮藏方法 |
CN114982928B (zh) * | 2022-05-31 | 2024-02-02 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | 一种鲜食澳洲坚果及其加工方法和贮藏方法 |
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