CN112662600A - Microecological preparation for high-temperature decomposition and deodorization of chicken manure and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Microecological preparation for high-temperature decomposition and deodorization of chicken manure and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of microecologics, in particular to a microecologics for high-temperature decomposition and deodorization of chicken manure and a preparation method thereof. The microecological preparation for high-temperature decomposition and deodorization of the chicken manure comprises the following raw materials: the composite microbial powder comprises bacillus, saccharomycetes and mould. The microecological preparation comprises saccharomycetes capable of promoting early-stage temperature rise, aspergillus capable of producing amylase, protease and lipase and bacillus capable of tolerating high temperatures of different degrees, and in the process of rapidly raising the temperature to high temperature, by decomposing protein and fat in chicken manure, fermentation is promoted in a synergistic manner, temperature rise is accelerated, the chicken manure is rapidly decomposed, and deodorization emission is reduced. The high-temperature bacterial strains with different tolerance degrees can ensure that the decomposition reaches the enough high temperature and the completion degree, and the effect of improving the composting quality is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of microecologics, in particular to a microecologics for high-temperature decomposition and deodorization of chicken manure and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The rapid development of the breeding industry, the enhancement degree and the continuous expansion of the production scale, the produced chicken manure is difficult to process, the chicken manure can cause burn roots and death when being directly used as a plant fertilizer, and the parasitic ova, viruses and germs in the chicken manure bring great harm to the ecological environment.
High-temperature aerobic composting is one of effective ways for treating agricultural wastes. At present, the chicken manure is decomposed mainly by a traditional high-temperature stacking and stuffy fermentation mode, but the fermentation time is long, the decomposition degree is low and the foul gas is still serious due to the small quantity of functional microorganisms. Aiming at a large-scale chicken breeding base, the traditional fermentation mode obviously cannot meet the requirement. Therefore, the method for decomposing the chicken manure at high temperature in a centralized manner for a short time is an optimal solution for reducing the emission of malodorous substances, realizes resource utilization and reduces environmental pollution.
The chicken manure compost is inoculated with the effective exogenous high-temperature functional microbial agent, so that the rapid heating of the chicken manure compost can be promoted, the decomposition period can be effectively shortened, the odor generated in the decomposition process can be effectively removed, and the compost quality effect can be improved. For example, patent documents with publication number of CN107857689A, publication date of 2018, 03 and 30, entitled "a technology for preparing biological organic fertilizer by using chicken manure by a biological method" disclose that the chicken manure fermented biological organic fertilizer is prepared by adopting a mixed bacteria aerobic two-step fermentation process, wherein the aerobic fermentation flora in one step comprises aspergillus, sporotrichum thermophilum, saccharomycetes, bacillus subtilis and thermophilic heterotrophic ammonia oxidizing bacteria; the two-step aerobic fermentation flora comprises EM microbial inoculum, azotobacter chroococcum and bacillus licheniformis. The process adopts multi-strain mixed fermentation, completes the complex metabolic action which is difficult to complete by a single strain through the combination of different metabolic capacities, effectively converts the chicken manure through the synergistic fermentation among microorganisms, the sanitary index reaches the national standard requirement, and the indexes of product maturity and growth promotion are obviously improved.
However, the problems of poor adaptability of strains, slow temperature rise, long decomposition period and heavy odor of the existing chicken manure decomposition microbial inoculum products still exist in the practical application, so that the further improvement is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of poor adaptability of strains, slow temperature rise, long decomposition period and heavy odor in the practical application of the existing chicken manure decomposition microbial inoculum products in the background art, the invention provides a microecological preparation for high-temperature decomposition and deodorization of chicken manure, which comprises the following raw materials: 2-10% of combined microbial powder, 30-40% of starch and 50-68% of auxiliary materials, wherein the combined microbial powder comprises bacillus, saccharomycetes and mould.
On the basis of the scheme, the viable count of the combined microbial powder is more than or equal to 1 multiplied by 109cfu/g。
On the basis of the scheme, further, the bacillus is one or more of bacillus subtilis, geobacillus thermophage, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus tequilensis, bacillus siamensis and bacillus belgii; the yeast is fragrant yeast; the mould is one or more of rhizopus microsporus, aspergillus oryzae and aspergillus niger.
On the basis of the scheme, further, the bacillus, the microzyme and the mould are obtained by separating, screening and culturing from chicken manure compost and waste edible fungus chaff; according to the invention, bacillus, saccharomycetes and mould combination with certain rotten and/or deodorizing functions in chicken manure compost and edible fungus waste fungus chaff are adopted, starch and auxiliary materials in a specific proportion are added, and the cooperative fermentation of composite microbial bacteria, starch and other auxiliary raw materials is utilized, so that the strain is ensured to adapt to the chicken manure environment quickly, grow quickly, and the rotten and quick temperature rise is promoted. The structures and the characteristics of microbial floras in different habitats are different, so that beneficial bacteria which can be effectively applied have great relevance with the sources of the beneficial bacteria, whether the bacterial strains really have the functions of decomposition and deodorization or not and whether the bacterial strains can grow in chicken manure or not are a very critical problem, and the bacterial strains from the chicken manure effectively solve the problem of adaptability of the bacterial strains from different habitats to growth in the chicken manure.
On the basis of the scheme, the bacillus is a mixed bacterium of bacillus subtilis, geobacillus thermophage, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus tequilensis in a weight ratio of 1-2: 2-3: 1-2, and the viable count of the bacillus is more than or equal to 109cfu/g。
On the basis of the scheme, the microzyme is fragrant yeast, and the viable count of the microzyme is more than or equal to 108cfu/g。
On the basis of the scheme, the mould is a mixed bacterium of rhizopus microsporus, aspergillus oryzae and aspergillus niger in a weight ratio of 1: 1-2, and the viable count of the mixed bacterium is more than or equal to 108cfu/g。
On the basis of the scheme, the combined microbial powder is prepared from bacillus subtilis, geobacillus thermophage, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus paraphrenheit, bacillus tequilensis, aroma-producing yeast, rhizopus microsporus, aspergillus oryzae and aspergillus niger in a weight ratio of 1-2: 2-3: 1-2: 1-2, and the number of viable bacteria is more than or equal to 5 multiplied by 109cfu/g。
On the basis of the scheme, the starch is one or more of corn starch, modified dextrin, maltodextrin and corn flour.
Preferably, one or more of the starch modified starch, the maltodextrin and the corn flour, or at least the modified starch or the maltodextrin with the weight percentage more than or equal to 20 percent is contained in the starch.
On the basis of the scheme, the auxiliary materials are one or more of brown sugar, bean pulp, bran, rice hulls, light calcium carbonate, pearl salt and diatomite.
Preferably, the auxiliary material is one or more of brown sugar, bran, rice hulls and pearl salt, or one or more of bran, rice hulls and pearl salt, or at least bran or rice hulls with the weight percentage being more than or equal to 30%.
On the basis of the scheme, the functional microecological preparation is in a powder or granule state.
Compared with the prior art, the microecological preparation for high-temperature decomposition and deodorization of chicken manure provided by the invention has the following effects:
1. the chicken manure fermentation accelerating agent has saccharomycetes capable of promoting early temperature rise, aspergillus capable of generating different functions of amylase, protease and lipase and bacillus capable of tolerating high temperatures of different degrees, and can synergistically promote fermentation and accelerate temperature rise by decomposing protein and fat in the chicken manure in the process of rapidly raising the temperature to the high temperature, quickly decompose the chicken manure and reduce the emission of deodorization.
2. The high-temperature bacterial strains with different tolerance degrees can ensure that the composting reaches the enough high temperature and the completion degree, the effect of improving the compost quality is achieved, meanwhile, bacteriocin substances generated by different bacterial strains in the fermentation process antagonize and inhibit harmful bacteria, organic acid is generated to neutralize alkaline substances, and the deodorizing effect is achieved by inhibiting the generation of malodorous substances such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and the like.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the microecological preparation for high-temperature decomposition and deodorization of the chicken manure, which comprises the following steps:
s100, pretreatment of starch and auxiliary materials: drying the starch and the auxiliary materials at 45-55 ℃ until the water content is less than or equal to 5 wt% for later use;
s200, pre-mixing and uniformly mixing combined microbial powder: sequentially adding bacillus powder, yeast powder and mould powder into a powder mixer for mixing;
s300, adding the starch pretreated in the S100 into the combined microbial powder prepared in the S200 and uniformly mixing; and then adding the auxiliary materials pretreated in the step S100, uniformly mixing to obtain a powdery composition, and carrying out vacuum drying at the temperature of 4-28 ℃ for 5-25 min to obtain the microecological preparation.
On the basis of the scheme, further, in S200, the bacillus powder is placed in a powder mixing machine to be mixed for 10min to 20min, and then the yeast powder is added to be mixed for 10min to 20 min; finally, adding the mould fungus powder and mixing for 10-20 min.
On the basis of the scheme, the bacillus powder and the yeast in the S200 are subjected to vacuum freeze drying treatment in advance.
According to the preparation method provided by the invention, the spore is firstly added, then the yeast and the mould are added, and then the auxiliary materials are added to gradually mix according to the size of the cells, so that the mixing uniformity can be ensured; the auxiliary materials are dried until the water content is less than or equal to 5 wt% so as to ensure that bacteria and mould can not grow in the preservation process of the microbial inoculum, thereby ensuring the quality of the product; the subsequent vacuum drying can ensure the dryness of the product, and meanwhile, the method can reduce the death rate of cells in the drying process, improve the stability of the product, prolong the shelf life of the product and ensure the use efficacy of the microbial inoculum.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the following description will clearly and completely describe the embodiments of the present invention, and obviously, the described embodiments are a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention also provides the examples shown in the following table:
example 1 temperature resistance test of different strains
Bacillus, mold and yeast strains separated from chicken manure compost and waste edible fungus chaff are respectively inoculated on LB or PDA solid culture medium to test the temperature tolerance capability, and the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 growth of the strains at different temperatures
Note: good growth, + + good growth, + growth good, -no growth, -no investigation
As can be seen from the test results in Table 1, yeast, Rhizopus microsporus, Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus niger grew well at 37 ℃; bacillus tequilensis, Bacillus siamensis and Bacillus belezii all grow well at 37 ℃ and 45 ℃, and grow badly above 50 ℃; bacillus subtilis grows well at both 37 ℃ and 45 ℃ and grows well but slowly at 50 ℃; the bacillus licheniformis grows well and relatively slowly at the temperature of 60 ℃ and can also grow at the temperature of 70 ℃; the geobacillus thermophagus can not grow at the temperature of below 45 ℃, can grow at the temperature of 50 ℃, can well grow at the temperature of 55-65 ℃ and can also grow at the temperature of 70 ℃.
Because the temperature change range in the composting process is wider, the high-temperature bacteria growing in the temperature range of 37-70 ℃ are selected, the possibility that the fermentation is stopped because the fermentation temperature rise inhibits the continuous growth of the bacterial strains is reduced, the continuous fermentation and decomposition are ensured, the decomposition is more complete, the geobacillus thermophagae can normally grow at the temperature of more than 65 ℃, the high enough decomposition temperature is ensured, the decomposition process is accelerated, and the decomposition time is shortened. In addition, the high temperature not only effectively degrades the organic substances of the chicken manure, but also can effectively kill eggs, germs and viruses in the chicken manure, and inhibit the generation of putrefactive substances so as to inhibit the emission of malodorous substances.
Example 2 carbon and Nitrogen utilization test by different Bacillus species
The strains are respectively inoculated into different carbon and nitrogen source culture media, and the utilization conditions of the carbon and nitrogen sources are tested, and the results are shown in tables 2 and 3.
TABLE 2 growth of the strains in media containing different nitrogen sources
Note: , + + + + good growth, + little-no growth
As the high-temperature decomposition function mainly depends on bacillus, and the utilization of inorganic nitrogen source and organic nitrogen source can determine the emission of odor, the test results in Table 2 show that the strains have certain difference in the utilization of the nitrogen source, so that the effective degradation of substances with different components in the chicken manure compost can be ensured, and the growth inhibition caused by the competition of the nitrogen source can be avoided; the strains can utilize calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate, ammonium carbonate, peptone, bran and soybean meal as growth nitrogen sources to different degrees, main protein substances and the like in the chicken manure can be effectively degraded, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in different forms can be effectively utilized, and emission of nitrogen-containing malodorous gases is reduced.
TABLE 3 growth of the strains in media containing different carbon sources
Note: + indicates good growth, + indicates growth, and + -indicates little or no growth
As can be seen from the test results in Table 3, the strains have certain differences in the utilization of carbon sources and amino acids, and basically can well utilize organic carbon sources in agricultural and sideline products to cooperate with effective fermentation, so that organic matters in chicken manure can be effectively degraded.
Example 3 Effect of different strains on fermentation warming
Different strains have different growth delay periods, the short delay period can start the rapid fermentation, the growth conditions of rhizopus microsporus, aspergillus oryzae, aspergillus niger and bacillus are observed by using bran culture medium at 30 ℃, and the results are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 growth of the strains at various times
The results in table 4 show that mycelia overgrow the surface of the rhizopus microsporus bran in 20 hours, and a large amount of water drops exist on the bottle wall, which indicates that the strain is fermented vigorously and breathes to generate a large amount of heat, thereby being beneficial to the increase of the fermentation temperature; meanwhile, the side effect is reflected, but the easy agglomeration of too much rhizopus microsporus has a relatively adverse effect on the decomposed materials.
Rhizopus microsporus grows faster than aspergillus niger and aspergillus oryzae, and aspergillus niger grows faster than aspergillus oryzae; the fermentation growth of the combined bacteria added with the rhizopus microsporus in the bacillus is faster than that of the simple addition of the aspergillus niger and the aspergillus oryzae, which shows that the rhizopus microsporus is beneficial to the rapid temperature rise of the fermentation in a short time, the rising temperature is beneficial to promoting the rapid proliferation of the aspergillus niger, the aspergillus oryzae and the spores, the speed of decomposing the nutrient medium required by the proliferation of harmful bacteria is accelerated, and the harmful growth is inhibited.
Example 4
The invention provides the following microecologics A-F, and the specific compositions are as follows:
the microecological preparation A is prepared by mixing bacillus subtilis, geobacillus thermophage, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus tequilensis, aroma-producing yeast, rhizopus microsporus, aspergillus oryzae and aspergillus niger according to the weight ratio of 1: 2:1 and mixing to obtain the combined microbial agent. Wherein the contents of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus tequilensis are 1 × 109cfu/g combined microbial agent, the contents of geobacillus thermophagae and bacillus licheniformis are respectively 2 multiplied by 109cfu/g combination microbial agent; the contents of aroma-producing yeast, Rhizopus microspori, Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus niger are 1 × 108cfu/g combined microbial agent. 2% of combined microbial agent, 30% of modified starch, 15% of brown sugar, 43% of bran and 10% of pearl salt are taken.
Mixing Bacillus subtilis, Geobacillus thermophage, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus tequilensis, aroma-producing yeast, Rhizopus microsporus, Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus niger at weight ratio of 1: 2:1, and mixing to obtain the final productAnd (4) synthesizing a microbial agent. Wherein the contents of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus tequilensis are 1 × 109cfu/g combined microbial agent, the contents of geobacillus thermophagae and bacillus licheniformis are respectively 2 multiplied by 109cfu/g combination microbial agent; the contents of aroma-producing yeast, Rhizopus microspori, Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus niger are 1 × 108cfu/g combined microbial agent. 2% of combined microbial agent, 20% of modified starch, 20% of maltodextrin, 20% of brown sugar and 38% of bran are taken.
And the microecological preparation C is prepared by mixing bacillus subtilis, geobacillus thermophage, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus paraphlicinalis, bacillus tequilensis, aroma-producing yeast, rhizopus microsporus, aspergillus oryzae and aspergillus niger according to the weight ratio of 1: 2:1 and mixing to obtain the combined microbial agent. Wherein the contents of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus tequilensis are 1 × 109cfu/g combined microbial agent, the contents of geobacillus thermophagae and bacillus licheniformis are respectively 2 multiplied by 109cfu/g combination microbial agent; the contents of aroma-producing yeast, Rhizopus microspori, Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus niger are 1 × 108cfu/g combined microbial agent. Taking 4% of combined microbial agent, 20% of modified starch, 20% of corn flour, 10% of brown sugar, 16% of soybean meal and 30% of bran.
And the microecological preparation D is prepared by mixing bacillus subtilis, geobacillus thermophage, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus tequilensis, aroma-producing yeast, rhizopus microsporus, aspergillus oryzae and aspergillus niger according to the weight ratio of 2: 3: 2:1: 2 and mixing to obtain the combined microbial agent. Wherein the contents of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus tequilensis and Bacillus licheniformis are respectively 2 × 109cfu/g combined microbial agent, namely 3 multiplied by 10 geobacillus thermophagiosus9cfu/g combination microbial agent; the contents of aroma-producing yeast, Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus niger are 2 × 108cfu/g combined microbial agent with rhizopus microsporus content of 1 × 108cfu/g combined microbial agent. 2% of combined microbial agent, 30% of modified starch, 20% of brown sugar and 48% of bran are taken.
Mixing Bacillus subtilis and heat at weight ratio of 1: 2:1Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus belgii, aroma-producing yeast, Rhizopus microsporum, Aspergillus oryzae, and Aspergillus niger. Wherein the contents of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus belgii are 1 × 109cfu/g combined microbial agent, the contents of geobacillus thermophagae and bacillus licheniformis are respectively 2 multiplied by 109cfu/g combination microbial agent; the contents of aroma-producing yeast, Rhizopus microspori, Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus niger are 1 × 108cfu/g combined microbial agent. Taking 4% of combined microbial agent, 20% of modified starch, 20% of corn flour, 10% of brown sugar, 16% of soybean meal and 30% of bran.
The microecological preparation F is prepared by mixing bacillus subtilis, geobacillus thermophage, bacillus paracasei, bacillus tequilensis, bacillus belgii, bacillus licheniformis, aroma-producing yeast, rhizopus microsporus, aspergillus oryzae and aspergillus niger according to the weight ratio of 1: 2:1 and mixing to prepare the combined microbial agent. Wherein the contents of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus tequilensis and Bacillus belgii are 1 × 109cfu/g combined microbial agent, the contents of geobacillus thermophagae and bacillus licheniformis are respectively 2 multiplied by 109cfu/g combination microbial agent; the contents of aroma-producing yeast, Rhizopus microspori, Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus niger are 1 × 108cfu/g combined microbial agent. 5% of composite microbial agent, 20% of modified starch, 20% of corn flour, 10% of brown sugar, 10% of soybean meal, 30% of bran and 5% of pearl salt.
The invention also provides a method for preparing the microecological formulation of example 4:
s100, pretreatment of starch and auxiliary materials: drying starch and auxiliary materials in a drying oven at 50 deg.C for 30min to water content of less than or equal to 5 wt%;
s200, pre-mixing and uniformly mixing combined microbial powder: weighing the required bacillus powder according to a proportion, placing the weighed bacillus powder in a powder mixing machine for mixing for 15min, then adding the yeast powder according to a proportion, and fully and uniformly mixing for 15min in the powder mixing machine; finally, adding the mould fungus powder in proportion, and fully and uniformly mixing in a powder mixer for 15 min;
s300, adding starch pretreated by S100 into the combined microbial powder prepared in S200 in proportion, and fully and uniformly mixing in a powder mixer for 20 min; then adding other auxiliary materials pretreated in the step S100 according to a proportion, and fully and uniformly mixing in a powder mixer for 30min to obtain a powdery composition; vacuum drying at 25 deg.C for 20 min; thus obtaining the powdery microecologics A, B, C, D, E and F.
EXAMPLE 5 composting experiment
The microecologics prepared in example 4 were applied to composting tests in chicken farms for rotting and deodorizing, respectively, and the specific implementation manner is as follows:
the implementation place is as follows: fujian Qingliu chicken farm
Scale: 35 ten thousand feather
The composting method and the process are as follows: adding 2.5 tons of fungus sticks and 7.5 tons of chicken manure into a 110 ton drying and fermenting all-in-one composting reactor, uniformly stirring and mixing, adding 0.25% of microecologics into the dried chicken manure, adjusting the water content to be 50% -60%, and uniformly stirring C/N (40: 1), and performing a composting test. The fermentation ventilation of the fermentation tank is 1L/(min.kg), the tank body is divided into an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer, the temperature of the upper layer is set to be 30-40 ℃ before the temperature of the chicken manure is raised, the temperature of the upper layer is gradually shifted to 55-60 ℃ of the middle layer when the fermentation temperature is raised to 40 ℃, and the temperature of the lower layer is 30-40 ℃ when the fermentation is about to be finished;
meanwhile, the variation differences of the temperature, ammonia gas and the like in the tank during the fermentation process are observed by taking microbial inoculum not added, microecological preparation A1, microecological preparation B1, microecological preparation C1, microecological preparation D1, microecological preparation E1 and microecological preparation F1 as controls, and the results are shown in Table 5. Wherein:
the strain combination of the microecological preparation A1 is that bacillus subtilis, geobacillus thermophagus, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus tequilensis are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1: 2:1, and the rest is consistent with the microecological preparation A;
the strain combination of the microecological preparation B1 is prepared by mixing fresh aroma yeast, rhizopus microsporus, aspergillus oryzae and aspergillus niger in a weight ratio of 1:1:1:1, and the balance is consistent with the microecological preparation B;
the strain of the microecological preparation C1 is only aroma-producing yeast, and the rest is consistent with the microecological preparation C;
the strain of the microecological preparation D1 is rhizopus microsporus, aspergillus oryzae and aspergillus niger which are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:1:1, and the rest is consistent with the microecological preparation D;
the strain combination of the microecological preparation E1 is that bacillus subtilis, geobacillus thermophagus, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus belgii and aroma-producing yeast are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1: 2:1, and the rest is consistent with the microecological preparation E;
the strain combination of the microecological preparation F1 is bacillus subtilis, geobacillus thermophagus, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus tequilensis, bacillus belgii, rhizopus microsporus, aspergillus oryzae and aspergillus niger mixed according to the weight ratio of 1: 2:1, and the rest is consistent with the microecological preparation F.
TABLE 5 variation of relevant indexes in fermentation and decomposition of several different microbial agents
As can be seen from the test results in Table 5, the temperature of the fermentation mixture with the addition of the microbial inoculum A, B, C, D, E and F starts to rise on day 1, the fermentation mixture reaches a high temperature stage on day 2 and transfers to the middle layer of the fermentation tank, the fermentation mixture starts to ferment at a temperature of more than 55 ℃ on day 3, the fermentation temperature rise time is obviously faster than that of the control group, and the highest temperature which can be reached is also higher than that of the control group and the groups A1, B1, C1, D1, E1 and F1.
On the 2 nd day of fermentation, the concentration of ammonia gas in the tank added with the microecological preparation is obviously lower than that of the groups of contrast, microecological preparations A1, B1, C1, D1, E1 and F1, which shows that the addition of the microecological preparation can be rapidly propagated in a short time, the combined effect of the spores, the yeast and the mould is obviously superior to that of the single spores, the yeast or the mould, the time of the pile entering a high-temperature period is obviously reduced, the temperature of the pile is improved, and the time of the high-temperature period is prolonged; meanwhile, the auxiliary raw materials contained in the microbial inoculum can obviously improve the biological activity of the bacterial strain, accelerate the fermentation, and effectively inhibit the growth of putrefying bacteria, thereby inhibiting the generation of ammonia gas.
And (3) the temperature begins to drop after the addition on the 6 th day, the mixture can be transferred to the lower layer for fermentation, and the mixture is transferred to the outside of the tank after 7 days to continue the after-ripening fermentation for 20 days. The decomposed materials feel smelly reluctantly, the stockpile is sunken, loose and black brown, and the detection of the decomposed bacterial manure is in a composite national standard.
Example 6
The probiotics A, B and C and a probiotics a2, B2 and C2 prepared in example 4 were subjected to a stability test for storage at room temperature, in which:
the auxiliary materials of the microecological preparation A2 are all pearl salt, and the rest is consistent with the microecological preparation A;
the auxiliary materials of the microecological preparation B2 are brown sugar, and the rest is consistent with the microecological preparation B;
the auxiliary materials of the microecological preparation C2 are all bran, and the rest is consistent with the microecological preparation C;
detecting the number of viable bacteria: (
n ═ 10,) index, and the test results are shown in table 6.
TABLE 6 stability of the Microecological formulations
From the test results in table 6, it can be seen that within 6 months, the viable count variation of the microecologics a, B and C is not significant (P >0.05), basically unchanged, and excellent in stability, which indicates that the auxiliary material carrier has no adverse effect on the activity of the combined microorganism, and can exist simultaneously and act synergistically; and the stability of the microecological preparation A1, the microecological preparation B2 and the microecological preparation C3 is poor, which indicates that compared with a single carrier, the compound carrier is beneficial to improving the stability of the strain.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A microecological preparation for high-temperature decomposition and deodorization of chicken manure is characterized by comprising the following raw materials: 2-10% of combined microbial powder, 30-40% of starch and 50-68% of auxiliary materials, wherein the combined microbial powder comprises bacillus, saccharomycetes and mould.
2. The microecological preparation for high temperature decomposition and deodorization of chicken manure according to claim 1, wherein: the viable count of the combined microbial powder is more than or equal to 1 multiplied by 109cfu/g。
3. The microecological preparation for high temperature decomposition and deodorization of chicken manure according to claim 1, wherein: the bacillus is one or more of bacillus subtilis, geobacillus thermophage, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus tequilensis, bacillus siamensis and bacillus belezii; the mould is one or more of rhizopus microsporus, aspergillus oryzae and aspergillus niger.
4. The microecological preparation for high temperature decomposition and deodorization of chicken manure according to claim 1, wherein: the bacillus, the microzyme and the mould are obtained by separating, screening and culturing from chicken manure compost and waste edible fungus chaff.
5. The microecological preparation for high temperature decomposition and deodorization of chicken manure according to claim 1, wherein: the Bacillus is Bacillus subtilis, Geobacillus thermophagocytosis, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus tequilensisThe mixed bacteria with the weight ratio of 1-2: 2-3: 1-2 have the viable count of more than or equal to 109cfu/g。
6. The microecological preparation for high temperature decomposition and deodorization of chicken manure according to claim 1, wherein: the yeast is fragrant yeast with viable count not less than 108cfu/g; the mould is a mixed bacterium of rhizopus microsporus, aspergillus oryzae and aspergillus niger in a weight ratio of 1: 1-2, and the viable count of the mixed bacterium is more than or equal to 108cfu/g。
7. The microecological preparation for high temperature decomposition and deodorization of chicken manure according to claim 5 or 6, wherein: the combined microbial powder is prepared from bacillus subtilis, geobacillus thermophagi, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus tequilensis, aroma-producing yeast, rhizopus microsporus, aspergillus oryzae and aspergillus niger in a weight ratio of 1-2: 2-3: 1-2, and the viable count is more than or equal to 5 multiplied by 109cfu/g。
8. The microecological preparation for high temperature decomposition and deodorization of chicken manure according to claim 1, wherein: the starch is one or more of corn starch, modified dextrin, maltodextrin and corn flour.
9. The microecological preparation for high temperature decomposition and deodorization of chicken manure according to claim 1, wherein: the auxiliary materials are one or more of brown sugar, bean pulp, bran, rice hull, light calcium carbonate, pearl salt and diatomite.
10. A method for preparing the microecological preparation for high-temperature rotting and deodorizing of chicken manure according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s100, pretreatment of starch and auxiliary materials: drying the starch and the auxiliary materials at 45-55 ℃ until the water content is less than or equal to 5 wt% for later use;
s200, pre-mixing and uniformly mixing combined microbial powder: sequentially adding bacillus powder, yeast powder and mould powder into a powder mixer for mixing;
s300, adding the starch pretreated in the S100 into the combined microbial powder prepared in the S200 and uniformly mixing; and then adding the auxiliary materials pretreated in the step S100, uniformly mixing to obtain a powdery composition, and carrying out vacuum drying at the temperature of 4-28 ℃ for 5-25 min to obtain the microecological preparation.
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