CN104560759B

CN104560759B - Composite fermentation microbial inoculum for fermenting manure residues and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN104560759B
Application number: CN201310469825.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈雷; 王伟颖; 段培斌
Original assignee: Inner Mongolia Excellent Animal Husbandry Co Ltd
Current assignee: Inner Mongolia excellent animal husbandry Co., Ltd.
Priority date: 2013-10-10
Filing date: 2013-10-10
Publication date: 2020-02-18
Anticipated expiration: 2033-10-10
Also published as: CN104560759A

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of leavening agents, in particular to a compound leavening agent for fermenting manure residues and a preparation method thereof. The composite fermentation microbial inoculum for fermenting the manure residues comprises 30-80% of beneficial microbial inoculum and 20-70% of nutritional additives by mass percent; the beneficial microbial inoculum consists of bacillus subtilis, green non-sulfur bacteria, saccharomycetes, lactobacillus acidophilus, pseudomonas and streptomyces. The composite fermentation microbial inoculum for fermenting the manure residues is rich in various beneficial microorganisms such as bacillus, actinomycetes, lactic acid bacteria and the like, can grow and propagate in different temperature zones, mutually exert the effects, reach logarithmic phase in a short time, fundamentally ensure the fermentation effect, and effectively remove the odor of the manure in a short time.

Description

Composite fermentation microbial inoculum for fermenting manure residues and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of leavening agents, in particular to a compound leavening agent for fermenting manure residues and a preparation method thereof.

Background

Along with the improvement of the intensification degree of the breeding industry, the livestock and poultry manure pollution caused by the high-efficiency breeding industry increasingly draws attention of people. The livestock manure is stacked in the open air, pollutes the atmosphere, soil and water, spreads diseases, and can cause 'livestock production public nuisance'. Currently, the most economical and efficient method for processing these animal and poultry excreta is the solid fermentation method. However, the long duration of the low temperature in the north becomes an obstacle for high-temperature composting of livestock and poultry manure, the fermentation starting speed is slow, the duration of the high-temperature stage is short, a large amount of odor is often generated in the composting process, the main component is ammonia gas, the loss of a large amount of nitrogen is caused, and the atmospheric pollution is also caused. How to carry out cow dung high-temperature composting under low-temperature conditions becomes a problem to be solved urgently.

The starting temperature of the low-temperature compost is critical, and whether the low-temperature compost can enter a high-temperature period quickly influences the harmless process and the fermentation period of the compost. The psychrophile decomposes simple organic matters such as sugar, starch and the like under the low-temperature condition through a special physiological mechanism, so that the pile temperature is quickly increased, and the mesophilic bacteria is started to enter a mesophilic period. The mesophilic bacteria continuously decompose organic matters, the temperature rise of the heap is promoted, the high-temperature bacteria propagate in a large quantity, and generated biological heat enters a high-temperature stage to finish harmless treatment. Therefore, the development of the composite leaven which can quickly warm the cow dung at low temperature and perform high-temperature fermentation is particularly important.

The invention aims to solve the problems of slow temperature rise and short high-temperature maintenance time of cow dung fermented compost in northern areas, and adopts the measures that the cow dung can quickly rise temperature under the low-temperature condition by adding the compound fermentation microbial inoculum with proper proportion so as to smoothly enter the fermentation period of the compost, finally achieve the aim of innocent treatment, and make a contribution to the pollution problem of the animal husbandry to the environment.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a compound fermentation inoculant for solving the problems of environmental pollution caused by a large amount of ammonia gas generated in the existing composting process, slow composting fermentation temperature rise speed and short high temperature maintaining time.

The composite fermentation microbial inoculum for fermenting the manure residues is characterized by comprising 30-80% of beneficial microbial inoculum and 20-70% of nutritional additives in percentage by mass;

the beneficial microbial inoculum consists of bacillus subtilis, green non-sulfur bacteria, saccharomycetes, lactobacillus acidophilus, pseudomonas and streptomyces.

Particularly preferably, the beneficial microbial inoculum consists of bacillus subtilis BGWW23110, green non-sulfur bacteria, yeast BGWW23202, lactobacillus acidophilus ACCC11073, pseudomonas ATCC31554 and streptomyces ATCC 40001.

Preferably, the beneficial microbial inoculum consists of 10 to 30 percent of bacillus subtilis BGWW23110, 10 to 20 percent of green non-sulfur bacteria, 10 to 20 percent of yeast BGWW23202, 10 to 20 percent of lactobacillus acidophilus ACCC11073, 20 to 30 percent of pseudomonas ATCC31554 and 5 to 15 percent of streptomyces ACCC40001 in percentage by mass.

Further preferably, the beneficial agent consists of 20% of bacillus subtilis BGWW23110, 15% of green non-sulfur bacteria, 15% of yeast BGWW23202, 15% of lactobacillus acidophilus ACCC11073, 25% of pseudomonas ATCC31554 and 10% of streptomyces ACCC 40001.

The beneficial bacteria can be a preparation product sold in the market and can also be prepared by carrying out amplification culture on the seeds of the existing strains. The prepared composite fermentation inoculant per gram needs to meet the requirement that the bacteria content of each strain is not less than 10⁸And (4) respectively.

The composite fermentation inoculant provided by the invention is characterized in that the nutritional additives comprise corn flour, rice hull powder, cane sugar, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and sodium chloride.

Preferably, the nutritional additive consists of 25 to 45 percent of corn flour, 10 to 30 percent of rice hull powder, 8 to 30 percent of cane sugar, 5 to 15 percent of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 5 to 20 percent of sodium chloride according to mass percentage.

Further preferably, the nutritional additive consists of 35% of corn flour, 20% of rice hull powder, 20% of sucrose, 10% of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 15% of sodium chloride in percentage by mass.

The composite fermentation inoculant has the advantages that:

the compost is characterized in that aerobic microorganisms are utilized to decompose organic matters. To rapidly decompose organic substances using microorganisms, aerobic bacteria having high density and stability are required. Therefore, analysis of the change in the total number of microorganisms, especially bacteria, during the composting process is of great importance to the composting process. The bacteria are the main action flora in the medium temperature stage and play a main role in fermentation and temperature rise, and the bacillus subtilis and the streptomyces are the main action flora in the high temperature stage.

When the composite fermentation inoculant is inoculated into materials, few nutrient substances can be directly supplied for the growth and the propagation of bacteria due to the complex material environment, and the composite fermentation inoculant is not suitable for the mass propagation of the bacteria. Fungi play an important role in the decomposition and stabilization of compost materials, particularly in the decomposition process of cellulose and lignin. The fungi can not only secrete extracellular enzymes and hydrolyze organic substances, but also have the mechanical interpenetration effect of hypha to perform certain physical damage on materials and promote biochemical reaction. The streptomyces can release a large amount of extracellular cellulase and glucoamylase, can rapidly decompose substances such as cellulose, starch and the like, so that green non-sulfur bacteria start to propagate in large quantities by utilizing decomposition products of the streptomyces, meanwhile, the bacillus subtilis generates extracellular protease, the pseudomonas generates extracellular lipase, the decomposition of organic matters in materials can be accelerated, some heterocyclic substances and fat substances are decomposed, and the saccharomycete is high-quality single-cell protein and can provide a required substrate for the propagation of lactobacillus acidophilus. Lactobacillus acidophilus can convert easily degradable organic substances into glucose, amino acids, bioactive substances, etc. The composite fermentation bacteria mutually promote and act synergistically to accelerate the material fermentation speed.

The microorganisms are the most critical factors in the fermentation process, and the control of the fermentation process is actually the control of the microorganisms in the fermentation material. Because the components of the compost raw materials are complex, the compost raw materials contain various compounds such as cellulose, carbohydrate, fat and the like, and the mutual alternate and synergistic action of various microorganisms is needed for completely degrading the compost raw materials, so that the action of a single bacterial, fungal and actinomycete population is not better than the combined action of various microorganisms in the process of accelerating the fermentation no matter how high the activity of the single bacterial, fungal and actinomycete population is. The natural compost contains a limited number and variety of microorganisms, so that the fermentation period is relatively long, especially in winter when the outside temperature is low. The composite fermentation inoculum is inoculated into the compost, so that the total number of microorganisms in the compost can be increased, the compost population structure is adjusted, and the microbial activity is improved.

The method for preparing the composite fermentation microbial inoculum for fermenting the manure residues comprises the following steps:

(1) weighing each component in the beneficial agent according to the adding proportion;

(2) mixing all the components in the weighed beneficial microbial inoculum, and diluting once by using an equivalent progressive dilution method of a proper amount of corn flour and rice hull powder to obtain a uniformly mixed mixture I;

(3) weighing the components except the corn flour and the rice hull powder in the nutritional additive according to the adding proportion;

(4) mixing the weighed components in the nutritional additive, and diluting once by using an equivalent progressive dilution method of a proper amount of corn flour and rice hull powder to obtain another uniformly mixed mixture II;

(5) and finally, mixing the mixtures I and II with the rest of all the corn flour and the rice hull powder to prepare the compound fermentation inoculant.

Specifically, the method for preparing the composite fermentation microbial inoculum for fermenting the manure residues comprises the following steps:

(1) accurately weighing each component in the beneficial bacterium agent in sequence according to the addition proportion, and ensuring the whole process to be aseptic operation so as to prevent a single beneficial bacterium component from being polluted;

(2) mixing all the components in the weighed beneficial microbial inoculum, and diluting once by using an equivalent gradual dilution method of a proper amount of corn flour and rice hull powder to obtain a uniformly mixed mixture I;

(3) accurately weighing the components except the corn flour and the rice hull powder in the nutritional additive in turn according to the adding proportion;

(5) finally, mixing the two mixtures I and II with the rest of all the corn flour and the rice hull powder, preferably mixing for 30 minutes to prepare a composite fermentation inoculant; and (5) checking the appearance and the uniformity of the mixed finished product of the composite fermentation inoculant.

The composite fermentation microbial inoculum for fermenting the manure residues is rich in various beneficial microorganisms such as bacillus, actinomycetes, lactic acid bacteria and the like, can grow and propagate in different temperature zones, mutually exert the effects, reach logarithmic phase in a short time, fundamentally ensure the fermentation effect, and effectively remove the odor of the manure in a short time.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating experimental results according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

Example 1

The composite fermentation inoculant of the embodiment consists of 30% of beneficial inoculant A and 70% of nutritional additive B in percentage by mass; wherein the beneficial microbial inoculum A comprises 20 percent of bacillus subtilis BGWW23110, 15 percent of green non-sulfur bacteria, 15 percent of yeast BGWW23202, 15 percent of lactobacillus acidophilus ACCC11073, 25 percent of pseudomonas ATCC31554 and 10 percent of streptomyces ACCC40001 by mass percentage; the nutritional additive B consists of 35% of corn flour, 20% of rice hull powder, 20% of cane sugar, 10% of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 15% of sodium chloride in percentage by mass.

Note: the total viable count of each microorganism per gram is 1-5 x 10⁸And (4) respectively.

The usage and dosage are as follows: fermenting according to the usage amount of 1-3 per mill.

Storage conditions were as follows: the bacteria content of the microbial inoculum per gram is not less than 10⁸And the product is stored in dark, the shelf life is 2 years, and the decomposition temperature is 65-72 ℃.

Example 2

The composite fermentation inoculant of the embodiment consists of 50% of beneficial inoculant A and 50% of nutritional additive B in percentage by mass; wherein the beneficial microbial inoculum A comprises 20 percent of bacillus subtilis BGWW23110, 15 percent of green non-sulfur bacteria, 15 percent of yeast BGWW23202, 15 percent of lactobacillus acidophilus ACCC11073, 25 percent of pseudomonas ATCC31554 and 10 percent of streptomyces ACCC40001 by mass percentage; the nutritional additive B consists of corn flour, rice hull powder 20%, cane sugar 20%, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 10% and sodium chloride 15% in percentage by mass.

Note: the total viable count of each microorganism per milliliter is 1-5 x 10⁸And (4) respectively.

Example 3

The composite fermentation inoculant of the embodiment consists of 80% of beneficial inoculant A and 20% of nutritional additive B in percentage by mass; wherein the beneficial microbial inoculum A comprises 20 percent of bacillus subtilis BGWW23110, 15 percent of green non-sulfur bacteria, 15 percent of yeast BGWW23202, 15 percent of lactobacillus acidophilus ACCC11073, 25 percent of pseudomonas ATCC31554 and 10 percent of streptomyces ACCC40001 by mass percentage; the nutritional additive B consists of 35% of corn flour, 20% of rice hull powder, 20% of cane sugar, 10% of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 15% of sodium chloride in percentage by mass.

Example 4 Effect of Complex fermentation inoculum on fermentation manure residue bedding Material

The temperature is an important factor for the smooth composting and can directly reflect the composting process, and the temperature rise is the result of the combined action of the metabolism heat production of microorganisms and the heat preservation effect of the compost, so that whether the addition of the compound fermentation microbial inoculum has an effect on the low-temperature fermentation manure residue cow bed padding in winter can be obtained by measuring the change of the temperature of the compost. The specific experiments are as follows:

respectively removing normal composite fermentation bacteria and streptomycete ACCC40001 and green non-sulfur bacteria in beneficial bacteria A, supplementing the mass fractions of the two bacteria in the whole composite fermentation bacteria by corn flour, uniformly mixing, finally respectively adding the two groups of composite fermentation bacteria into the to-be-fermented manure residue according to the proportion of 3 per mill by weight percent, and piling up two piles (strip piles) with the width of about 1.8 meters, the height of about 1.2 meters and the length of about 10 meters after uniformly mixing and stirring. Turning over according to the fermentation temperature, taking the strip stacks without the composite fermentation inoculum as a control group, determining the most representative temperature of the stacks, namely the middle layer temperature (the temperature rise stage is the highest), respectively, when the stacks are consistent with the external environment, and the measurement result is expressed by (DEG C), wherein the experimental result is shown in figure 1.

Results and analysis

FIG. 1 shows that the normal inoculated pile of the composite leaven has mass propagation of thalli, the microorganism is rapidly decomposed, and simple organic matters such as saccharides, starch, amino acid and the like in the fermented manure are utilized to generate biological heat and increase the temperature of the pile. The pile temperature reaches 55.0 ℃ on the 3 rd day after the normal compound leaven inoculation treatment, the pile temperature reaches 71.0 ℃ on the 5 th day, and the high temperature period is maintained for 6 days, so that the requirements of killing ova and pathogenic bacteria are met; the pile temperature of the treated composite fermentation agent reaches 55.0 ℃ on the 7 th day and 70.0 ℃ on the 10 th day, although the speed of raising the pile temperature is higher than that of the control group, compared with the normal composite fermentation agent group, the fermentation period is prolonged by 5 to 6 days.

Meanwhile, a large amount of microorganisms in the pile body inoculated with the normal composite starter group die in a high-temperature stage, the degradation speed of organic matters is reduced due to the reduction of enzyme activity, the generated heat is reduced, the temperature of the pile body is continuously reduced, and the treatment temperature is in a low valley at the 6 th day. Along with the temperature reduction, the temperature inhibition is relieved, the microorganisms start to grow and breed again in large quantities, the decomposition speed of organic matters is accelerated, the 2 nd peak value appears in the 8 th day, the residual organic matters after the microbial degradation in the later stage of fermentation can not generate enough heat, the temperature is in the continuous descending trend, and the fermentation period is shortened to 12 d. The temperature of the middle layer is 18.6-43.6 ℃ in comparison with 3-12 days, and the high temperature stage is not reached. Fully shows that the normally inoculated composite fermentation inoculum has the obvious effect of improving the temperature rise speed under the low-temperature condition, and can greatly shorten the fermentation period.

Claims

1. The composite fermentation microbial inoculum for fermenting the manure residues is characterized by comprising 30-80 percent of beneficial microbial inoculum and 20-70 percent of nutritional additives in percentage by mass; the beneficial microbial agent comprises, by mass, 10-30% of bacillus subtilis BGWW23110, 10-20% of green nonsulfur bacteria, 10-20% of yeast BGWW23202, 10-20% of lactobacillus acidophilus ACCC11073, 20-30% of pseudomonas ATCC31554 and 5-15% of streptomyces ACCC 40001; the sum of the percentages of the components is equal to 100 percent.

2. The complex fermentation inoculant according to claim 1, wherein the nutritive additives consist of corn meal, rice hull meal, sucrose, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and sodium chloride.

3. The complex fermentation inoculant according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the nutritional additives comprise, in mass percent based on the total mass of nutritional additives: 25 to 45 percent of corn flour, 10 to 30 percent of rice hull powder, 8 to 30 percent of cane sugar, 5 to 15 percent of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 5 to 20 percent of sodium chloride; the sum of the percentages of the components is equal to 100 percent.

4. The complex fermentation inoculant according to claim 1, wherein the bacteria content of each strain in each gram of complex fermentation inoculant is not less than 10⁸And (4) respectively.

5. A method for preparing the complex zymophyte agent for fermenting manure residues of claim 1, comprising the following steps: